The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms led by Filipino ilustrados in Europe in the late 19th century. It aimed to expose the injustices of Spanish rule in the Philippines and advocate for greater autonomy and representation. Key figures included Marcelo H. del Pilar, Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Mariano Ponce. While it failed to achieve concrete political changes, the movement awakened Filipino nationalism and pride in culture through its publications like La Solidaridad. It laid the foundation for the revolutionary movement that followed.

1. THE BIRTH OF 19TH CENTURY
FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Prepared By:
Professor Neilson A. Silva
National University – laguna

3. What is

4. • message designed to persuade its intended
audience to think and behave in a certain
manner
• is the spreading of in support of a cause
• The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor
for the purpose of helping or injuring an
institution, cause or person.
propaganda

5. 
 THE INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS (FROM ABROAD)
 THE SPANISH REVOLUTION 1868
 THE OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL 1869
 THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ,
BURGOS, ZAMORA.
Factors that gave birth to
Philippine Nationalism

6. 3/12/2015
What is
propaganda
movement?

7.  A peaceful crusade or campaign for
reforms was done by means of pen and
tongue to pressure the Spanish
Government.
It was organized and participated by the
ilustrados.
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT

8. Rise of the Propaganda Movement
 It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the
Luneta.

9. 3/12/2015
Cavite Mutiny
 January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and
dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of
Sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their
Spanish officers.
 Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto
Zamora were accused of treason to Spain and tried in
an unfair trial. They were sentenced to death by
garrote on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan.

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...rise of Propaganda movement
• Work of promoting the welfare and
happiness of the fatherland.
• Aggressively but peacefully, by means of
writing and speeches, they crusaded for
reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish
coalonial system.

11. Why did the ilustrados
in Europe undertake
Propaganda
movement?
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12. The illustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for
reforms. Because of their education and
newly acquired wealth, they felt more
confident about voicing out popular
grievances. The illustrados did not succeeded
in easing the sufferings of the Filipinos; but
from this group arose another faction called
the intelligentsia. The intelligentsia also
wanted reforms; but they were more
systematic and used a peaceful means called
the Propaganda Movement.

13. Equality
of the
Filipinos
and
Spaniards
before the
laws.
Human
rights for
Filipinos.
Restoration
of the
Philippine
representatio
n in the
Spanish
Cortes.
Filipinization
of the
Philippine
parishes and
expulsion of
the friars
Assimilation
of the
Philippines
as a regular
province of
Spain.
Reforms desired by the
Propaganda Movement

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Who were active in this
movement?

15. THE PROPAGANDISTS
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16.  were patriots who waged their movement
by means of pen and tongue to expose the
defects of Spanish rule in the philippines and
urgency of reforms to remedy them.
They were the scions of good families, highly
intelligent, educated, patriotic and
courageous, who symbolized the flower of
Filipino manhood.
The propagandists


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Forms of group
Filibusteros
Young men
Refugees
Including the creoles
and Spanish Meztizos who had been expelled in Marianas during the attack on
liberals in the wake of Cavite Mutiny
Who were sent for Spain for their studies
Who escaped the islands to break out persecution

18. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

19.  Lawyer and journalist from Bulacan
 He joined dupluhan and dalitan or literary jousts
during fiestas
 He satarized corrupt officials and friars during
pintakasi (cockfighting day)
 He wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forceful
Tagalog
 In 1882, he helped establish the Diariong Tagalog,
the first bilingual newspaper; he edited the Tagalog
section.
 He released Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Mockeries), a manual of anticlerical commentary in
the format of novena
… marcelo del pilar

20. He parodied the Lord’s Prayer, Hail Mary,
the Apostles Creed, the Ten Commandments,
the Act of Contrition, and the cathechism.
His house was burned mysteriously.
He left the Philippines in October 1888 to
escape the prosecution of the friars
… marcelo del pilar

21. … marcelo del pilar

22. … marcelo del pilar

23. … marcelo del pilar

24. 23
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

25. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

26. … graciano lopez jaena
He was from Iloilo
An orator
Fray Botod “Friar Potbelly” (1874). It is about
a fictitious cleric named Fray Botod who
arrived looking like a hungry mosquito and
soon became stout because of the stocks
taken from the people.

27. MARIANO PONCE
A medical student and biographical writer

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Propagandists Who’s who?
Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo The masters of brush
Pedro Paterno A lawyer and a man of letters
Antonio Luna Pharmacists and essayist
Pedro Serrano Laktaw Teacher- tutor of Prince Alfonso de
Bourbon ( later King Alfonso XIII
of Spain)
…propagandists

29. Jose Ma. Panganiban Linguist and essasysist
Fernando Canon Engineer and musician
Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political writer
Isabelo delos Reyes Folklorist, newspaperman and a
scholar
Dominador Gomez Physician, orator
…propagandists

30. Foreign Friends Of Propaganda
Movement
Who’s who?
Ferdinand Blumentritt  Austrian professor, scholar
 Dr. Rizal’s bestfriend
 Praised “Noli” and “Fili” and wrote a
prologue to Rizal’s annotated edition
of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Pilipinas (Paris, 1890)
Don Juan Atayde  one of the liberal Spaniards who
aided Filipino propagandists.
 Founded the Circulo Hispano-
Filipino in September 1882( a civic
association of Spaniards and Filipinos in
Madrid)
 Published the newspaper Revisa del
Circulo Hispano- Filipino.
Miguel Morayta  Statesman, historian, and journalist
 Rizal’s professor at the Central
University of Madrid
…propagandists

31. Foreign Friends Of Propaganda
Movement
Who’s who?
Francisco Pi y Margall  Former president of the First
Spanish Republic
Emilio Junoy  A journalist
 Member of the Cortes
Manuel Ruiz Zorilla  Parliamentarian
 Leader of the Spanish
Republican Party
…propagandists

32. 
Happened on March 1, 1888
The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of Filipino
Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila patriotic lawyer
Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos
( a London- educated rich merchant; leading masonic leader.)
The Anti- Friar Manifesto of
1888

33. 
It requested the expulsions of the friars from
the Philippines.
Submissions of an anti- friar manifesto to
acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to
Queen Regent

34. 3/12/2015

35. La Solidaridad
(organization)
A purely Filipino organization
established in Barcelona on December
31, 1888
Galiciano Apacible was the President
and Graciano Lopez Jaena was the
Vice-President

36. La Solidaridad
(newspaper)
Graciano Lopez Jaena founded this
fortnightly newspaper in Barcelona on
February 15, 1889. M.H. del Pilar helped
prepare the issues
It was printed in Barcelona from February 15
to October 31, 1889, then in Madrid from
November 15, 1889 to November 15, 1895.

37. Dr. Jose Rizal
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Dr. Pedro Paterno
Isabelo delos Reyes
Eduardo de Lete
Jose Alejandrino
Professor Blumentrit
Dr. Morayta
Contributors of La Solidaridad
M.H del Pilar Antonio Ma. Regidor
(Plaridel)
(Laong Laan)
Mariano Ponce
(Tigbalang)
Antonio Luna
(Taga-ilog)
(Jomapa)

38. To portray vividly
the deplorable
condition of the
Philippines
To work peacefully
for the political and
social reforms
To combat the evil
forces of medievalism
and reaction
To advocate liberal
ideas and progress
To champion the
legitimate aspirations
of the Filipino people
for democracy and
happines
la solidaridad
Aims to:

39. “We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices
that are too little to win the rights and the
liberty of a nation that is oppressed by
slavery.”
(M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)
The publication ended on Nov. 15,
1895 after an existence of seven years.
… la solidaridad

40. Literature of the
Propaganda Movement
Despite its political spirit, the
Propaganda Movement produced
certain meritorious literary works
which contributed to the blossoming
of Filipino literature.

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Circulo Hispano Filipino

42.  Established in 1882 by a group of Filipino
students in Madrid led by Juan Atayde,
retired army officer and Philippine born
Spaniard
 An organization composed of Filipino and
Spaniards.
 The aim of the association is reform the
Philippines during Spaniards colonization.
…circulo hispano-filipino

43. …circulo hispano-filipino
The organization was able to publish the
Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a
newspaper aimed at expressing thoughts
about the abusive Spanish government.
The publication was short-lived due to lack
of funds and conflicting issues, thus leading
to the dissolution of the organization.

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Kidlat Club

45. Kidlat Club – a social society of a temporary
nature
Purpose:
To bring together the young Filipinos in the French
capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the
city during the duration of the Exposition
Members:
Antonio & Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando
Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo
Puatu & Baldomero Roxas
…kidlat club

47. …freemasonry

48. …freemasonry

49. …freemasonry
•Every true
Freemason will
show tolerance
and respect for
the opinions of
others and will
behave with
compassion and
understanding
to his fellows.
Brotherly
love
• Freemasons strive
for truth both in
their view of
themselves and in
their dealings with
others. Masonry
requires high moral
standards and its
members
endeavour to
uphold these
principles in their
public and private
lives.
Truth
• From earliest
times Freemasons
have been taught
to help those in
distress without
detriment to their
dependents, and
to give their
support to outside
charities.
Relief
MASONIC PRINCIPLES

51. ... freemasonry
Freemasonry or the masons, were a secret
society composed of liberal and republican
Spaniards in Spain.
Spanish Masons openly and freely critized
the government the government policies and
particulary lambasted the friars
Rizal joined Freemasonry to secure their aid
in the fight against Friars in the Philippines

52. Many Filipino propagandists turned masons
because they needed the help of masons in
Spain and in other countries in their fight for
reforms.
This organization called Freemasonry,
consisted of fraternal lodges, which later
evolved into social societies subsequently
opened to non-masons
... freemasonry

53. In one of their meetings, the masons set forth their
platforms
Lodge Nilad was founded in Manila on January 6, 1892
The masonic lodges in the country grew in number
and eventually included women. The first woman to
be admitted was Rosario Villaruel, who was initiated
as a member of the Lodge Walana.
Lodge Solidaridad founded in Madrid by MH del Pilar and Julio
Llorente
It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in
May 1890
It prospered that other Filipinos joined it including
Jose Rizal, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Baldomero Roxas,
Galiciano Apacible, etc.
Revolucion founded by Lopez Jaena in Barcelona
It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in
April 1889
It ended after Lopez Jaena resigned as Worshipful
Master on November 29, 1889.
Masonic lodges in the Philippines

54. work for freedom
and prosperity in
the Philippines
work for good
government
ask for
representation in
the Spanish
Cortes
establish the
Philippines as a
province of Spain
Mason in the
Philippines
aims to

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La Liga Filipina
“Unus Instar Omnium”
(One Like All)

56. … la liga filipina
a political association of patriotic Filipinos
founded by Rizal to crusade for reforms.
 founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in a
house at Ilaya St., Tondo
 its constitution was written by Jose Rizal,
helped by Jose Ma. Basa
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57. Mutual
protection in all
cases of
pressing
necessity
Union of the
Archipelago
into a compact,
vigorous, and
homogeneous
body
AIMS
Defense
against all
violence
and
injustice
Encouragement
of education,
agriculture, and
commerce
Study and
application
of reforms
… la liga
filipina

58. President
Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal
Agustin dela Rosa
Treasurer
Bonifacio Arevalo
Secretary
Deodato Arellano
… la liga filipina

59. Members
✔Andres
Bonifacio
✔Apolinario
Mabini
✔Mamerto
Natividad
✔Ambrosio
Rianzares Bautista
✔Moises Salvador
✔Jose A. Dizon
✔Domingo Franco
✔Timoteo Paez
✔Arcadio del
Rosario
✔Numeriano
Andriano
✔Timoteo Lanuza
… la liga
filipina

60. However, three days after the founding
of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by
order of Governor General Despujol
 On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to
Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s
collapse.
… la liga filipina

61. 3/12/2015
Is Propaganda Movement

62.  Although the Propaganda
had not brought reality
changes and reforms in the
country, the spirit of
nationhood had its roots in
the movement.
 It iniated the voice of
Filipinos to speak and
came out of their cage.
 It awakened the minds of
the Filipinos and gave them
a sense of culture identity.
 The leaders are greedy
and ambitious.
 The cannot create
change.
 They only wanted
reforms of their own
interest.
 They have lack of funds
and internal conflict of
the propagandists.
BOTH