This document provides an overview of classical and modern political ideologies, defining key terms like ideology, status quo, and egalitarianism. It then discusses several major political ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, anarchism, libertarianism, and Marxism. For each ideology, it briefly describes the core beliefs and concepts, such as conservatism's resistance to change and preference for traditional values, and Marxism's concepts of alienation, class struggle, materialism, and revolution. The document emphasizes that understanding political ideologies provides important context for analyzing political events and issues.

1. Classical to Modern
Political Ideologies
By: Mark Adrian Sadia and Rica Mae Edllo

2. ACTIVITY

3. Definition of Terms
• Ideology
the set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party
• Status-quo
current situation; the way things are now.
• Egalitarianism
a belief in human equality especially with respect to social,
political and economic affairs.
• Laissez-faire
a policy that allows businesses to operate with very little
interference from the government.

4. Ideology
Ideology is basically defined as political statements that
aim to call upon massive mass or government action to achieve a
relatively better political at economic condition (Baradat 1997).
This definition is the product of numerous views from different
political scientists and philosophers through time from the classical
to the modern period
• Hobbes
• Frederick Watkins
• John Locke
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Thomas
• David Ingersol
• L.T. Sargent
• Terence Ball
• Claude Destutt De
Tracy

5. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR
IMPACT ON POLITICAL COMMUNITIES
Let’s learn!!!

6. 1. Conservatism
As the name implies, one is focused
on conserving something. It is
characterized by a resistant to change,
adherent to limited human freedom as it
chooses to maintain traditional values, and
at some extreme versions, distrust to
human reasoning and nature of anti-
egalitarianism (Sargent 2009).

7. 2. Liberalism
It can be said that liberalism is
the opposite of conservatism for it
favors change, prefers more freedom,
and has a more optimistic approach
to human reasoning and nature
(Sargent 2009).

8. 3. Anarchism
While most people are familiar
with how anarchy is popular used to
mean chaos dus to the nonexistence
of control mechanisms, the idea
behind it is actually more on peaceful
coexistence and equality.

9. 4. Libertarianism
This is another version of
anarchism but involves the
government in a minimal role such a
as ensuring to safety of everyone and
fairness in whatever contracts or
dealings (Sergent 2009).

10. 5. Marxism
One should be careful in branding
communism, socialism or a any other
similar ideologies Marxists because they
may not necessarily reflect the ideas of
Karl Marx although this ideologies might
find their roots in the tenets proposed by
Marx.

11. THE IDEOLOGICAL AND CONCEPTUAL
BASES OF MARXISM
Karl Marx…

12. A.Alienation
This is the relationship between two
or more people or parts of oneself in which
one is cut off from, as stranger or aliens,
the others (Sergent 2009).For Marx,
alienation in its basic form is the alienation
from one's labor (or product of one's
labor), and capitalism is a great factor in
this phenomenon,

13. B. Class struggle
Karl Marx also noted the struggle
between the bourgeoisie (the capitalist or
middle class) and the proletariat (workers).
The bourgeoisie social class oppresses and
exploit the proletariat not only through
unfair compensation of the latter's labor
but also by setting up laws and standards,
and controlling the system or the state to
maintain its social status

14. C. Materialism
Marxism and the offshoots of this
ideology offer a complex perspective and
usage of materialism. Most social
scientists, however, would agree to the
basic definition that "how people think is
greatly affected by how you live" (Sargent
2009)

15. D.Revolution
Almost all theories and ideologies
related to Marxism consider proclaiming
revolution as the way to change the
system. By revolution, Marx did not mean
peaceful walkouts but a violent one in
which the proletariat with topple down the
elite class and all the systems they have
made

16. Learning about political ideologies is advantageous in
understanding certain political contexts. In the Philippines, different
political ideologies like Marxism and communism affected different
political-historical events such as the First Quarter Storm during the
Marcos dictatorship and the formation of different insurgents in the
country like the New People's Army (NPA) of the Communist Party of
the Philippines (CPP).
There are other ideologies, depending on the issue or aspect of
human life one is studying. There are also new ideologies that may
crop up. Remember that because of the multitude and complexity of
some issues on politics and governance, we can of be all too liberal or
all too conservative

17. “A state is better governed which has but few laws, and
those laws strictly observed”
-Rene Descartes

18. QUIZ
1. It mainly focuses in system rather than
leadership or power. It tells us that since power
corrupts, a better system based on voluntary
cooperation and not on power relations should
be established.
2. This is another version of anarchism but
involves the government in a minimal role such
a as ensuring to safety of everyone and fairness
in whatever contracts or dealings.
3. It is characterized by a resistant to change. It
focuses on conserving something.
4. It is the term used to describe people from
middle class or capitalist.
5. It is the term used to describe people from
lower class or workers.