POL 140, Chapter 3, "Politics of the American Founding"
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This document summarizes key aspects of the development of the US Constitution. It discusses how the Constitution was written in 1787 in Philadelphia to create a stronger federal government after weaknesses were exposed under the Articles of Confederation. It notes the Constitution has served as a model for many other governments. The summary then highlights some of the major compromises and issues debated at the Constitutional Convention, including representation of states in Congress and the balancing of powers between federal and state authorities.
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Politics of the American Founding
This document summarizes key aspects of the development of the US Constitution from its origins and influences to its drafting and major compromises. It notes that the Constitution was written over 200 years ago, was influenced by documents like the Virginia House of Burgesses and works by Locke, and established the first national government after weaknesses were identified under the Articles of Confederation. It then describes some of the major debates and compromises that occurred between states and over issues like representation and powers of the federal government that were addressed in the final Constitution.
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A c 2 us chapter 2a
- After the American Revolution, there was debate around the appropriate balance of power between the federal government and state governments. Some supported stronger federal power while others favored state power.
- The Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, gave most power to the states. However, it proved ineffective, lacking mechanisms for taxation and enforcement of laws. This led to events like Shays' Rebellion that alarmed many.
- At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates worked to address weaknesses in the Articles through compromise. The bicameral legislature and other aspects of the new Constitution aimed to balance federal and state power.
Chapter 7 Creating a Republic
The document summarizes key events in the creation of the US Constitution. It describes the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the various compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention to address state interests. Key issues included representation in Congress, the slave trade, and balancing state and federal power. The Constitution drew on ideas from ancient Rome, Enlightenment thinkers, and the English system. Its ratification was debated, with Federalists supporting it and Antifederalists wanting stronger protections for individual rights, leading to the addition of the Bill of Rights.
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was called in Philadelphia in 1787 to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new framework for government. Delegates debated plans for the structure of Congress, with the Great Compromise creating a bicameral legislature. They also compromised on counting slaves in population for representation. The three branches of government - legislative, executive, judicial - were established, along with plans for amending the Constitution. After signing, the battle began over ratification, with Federalists supporting and Anti-Federalists opposing the new Constitution. By 1790, nine of the 13 states had ratified and the new government was put into effect.
Similar to POL 140, Chapter 3, "Politics of the American Founding" (20)
U.S. Government -- Chater 2,Section 4 "Creating the Constitution"
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POL 140, Chapter 3, "Politics of the American Founding"
- 1. POL 140 Fall 2014
- 3. Written over 200 years ago in Philadelphia Oldest written constitution in the modern world Many governments have used it as a model for their political system
- 5. Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619
- 7. Sugar Act (1764) Stamp Act (1765)
- 8. Declaratory Act (1766) Townshend Acts (1767) Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer
- 9. Tea Act (1773) Boston Tea Party
- 12. “Virtual Representation” First Continental Congress
- 14. Franklin Livingston Adams Sherman Jefferson
- 15. The Social Contract “Consent of the Governed” Locke
- 17. Each state received one vote Major laws required agreement of nine of the thirteen state legislatures Really fundamental changes had to be unanimous
- 18. Congress had no power to draft soldiers or pay for military recruits Congress had no power to regulate commerce between states and foreign powers Congress had no power to tax individuals
- 19. Daniel Shays
- 23. 55 total men from 12 states Represented colonial elite—most already had extensive public service 24 had served in Continental Congress 21 had fought in Revolutionary War 7 had served as a state governor 46 had served as a state legislature
- 24. Madison Franklin Sherman Paterson
- 25. JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON
- 27. GEORGE WASHINGTON JAMES MADISON
- 28. Each state delegation would receive one vote Did not record individual votes Proceedings were kept secret
- 29. Reach a compromise between large and small states over representation in Congress Negotiate issues between northern and southern states related to slavery Determine balance of power between state and federal government
- 31. Significantly strengthen power of national government Shifted Convention deliberation from amending Articles to drafting new Constitution
- 32. Bicameral (two house) national legislature Members of lower chamber apportioned among states by population Members of lower chamber, would elect members of upper chamber Members of lower chamber would choose the executive and judiciary Gave legislature much broader authority than under Articles
- 33. Unicameral (one house) legislature Equal representation regardless of population Plural executive that could be removed by legislature Courts appointed by executive
- 34. Bicameral (two house) legislature Lower chamber based on state population Upper chamber based on equal representation
- 36. Slavery was divisive issue for the delegates How should slaves be counted in allocating congressional representation to the states? How would Southern states likely answer? Why? Decision: Three-Fifths Compromise
- 38. “Enumerated” Powers Those powers “herein granted” Included: Power to raise an army Power to raise taxes Provide for general welfare of nation
- 43. JAMES MADISON PATRICK HENRY
- 45. Response to Anti-Federalist arguments Danger lay in factions What is a faction? “A number of citizens, who are united…by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate issues of the community”
- 46. Removing Causes “Destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence” “By giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests” Controlling Effects Representative Government
- 47. Response to Anti-Federalist thought that Constitution is first step to tyranny “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition”