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Creating agovernment1
- 1. Creating A Government 1777-1791
- 2. Articles of Confederation We won the war now we must govern ourselves 1777-1787
- 3. Overview Second Continental Congress proposed for adoption 1777 Approved 1781 Formed a confederation of states, each had a separate government John Dickenson-Author of A o C
- 4. Decentralized Government Statespossessed the power Could Veto national laws Voluntary participation Specific elements of the Articles of Confederation Single chamber national Congress-unicameral Each state had one vote No executive branch No judicial branch Provided for a weak national government
- 5. Successes Fought andWon the Revolution Land Ordinance of 1785 Established unit of settlement for townships 6 square miles, divided into 36-640 acres each, one would be a source of income for schools
- 6. Successes Northwest Ordinanceof 1787 Steps for admission of new states 3 stages During settlement years- Congress appoints territorial governors and judges When reaches 5,000 adult males-write temporary constitution-and elect representatives When it reaches 60,000 write state constitution-Congress approves for statehood Forbid slavery in NW territory-states
- 7. Fail! - Economic Could request funds from states Could not tax unless every state approved Could not regulate interstate/overseas commerce (trade) Provided for no common currency 7 different currencies
- 8. Fail! – Shay’sRebellion Economic conditions for farmers in Massachusetts were bad, because of taxes 1786 a group of 100+ farmers lead by Daniel Shays decided to close down the courts in Massachusetts, so the courts could not close their farms They decided to take control of an arsenal in Springfield The rebellion was defeated, but it sent a shockwave across the country Government was too decentralized to deal with major problems Could not raise military to put down Shay’s rebellion
- 9. The Constitutional Convention America needed a change, the Articles were not working 1787
- 10. The Delegates TheConfederation Congress requested the delegates be sent form every state to a convention in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation 55 Delegates from 12 states attended, Rhode Island did not attend (who were they) Average age 42 White Male Had money Who was there Washington, Franklin, Madison Who wasn’t Jefferson & Paine (France), Henry (opposed)
- 11. The Convention May25, 1787 the convention begins The Framers decided to write a new constitution They decided Government should have limited powers It should protect the basic rights of people and promote the common welfare A need for a strong national government A need for a republican government The government needs to have a system of checks and balances In less than four months they created a government that has lasted over 200 years
- 12. George Washington Chairmanof the Convention Seldom participated Lent his prestige to the proceedings
- 13. James Madison Fatherof the Constitution Virginian Lead the debates Kept notes of the proceedings Authored the Virginia Plan Later authored much of the Bill of Rights
- 14. Key Compromises Theframers had to overcome some differences to create the new government
- 15. Problem: Representation inthe National Congress Large States Favored Virginia Plan States get representation based on population Small States Favored New Jersey Plan Each state received the same number of votes (equal representation);
- 16. Solution: The GreatCompromise The Connecticut Plan • Bicameral legislator (two house) • Upper house, the Senate, each state receives the same number of vote (2) • Lower House, House of Representatives, representation is based on population
- 17. 3/5 Compromise Southernstates wanted to count slaves in their population-more representation in Congress Slave would count as 3/5 a person towards representation and taxation
- 18. Commerce Clause GrantingCongress the power to regulate foreign and interstate trade Congress could control Foreign & Domestic trade Tax imports (good coming in) but not state’s exports
- 19. Articles of the Constitution The Constitution specifically outlines the powers of the Government
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- 21. Article 1: Legislative Branch Congress (House and Senate) Senate approves people hired by President Approves taxes Senate approves treaties Declares war Makes laws
- 22. Article 2: Executive Branch President & Departments Approves and vetoes laws Heads armed forces Hires cabinet and other chief officials President and Cabinet make policies Civil Service: carries out day to day functions of the government
- 23. Article 3: Judicial Branch Supreme Court & Federal Courts Interprets the laws Declares constitutionality Hears appeals
- 24. Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Keeps one branch from gaining too much power over the others
- 25. Article 4: TheStates Federalism: the relationship between states and the federal government Article 5: Amendment Process Allows the government to make changes, called amendments, to the Constitution. Two thirds of both houses of Congress must agree to propose an amendment. It takes a positive vote by three fourths of the states to make an amendment law
- 26. Article 6: Supremacy Clause • Makes the Constitution the Supreme Law of the land • States can’t pass laws that over rule the Constitution
- 27. Article 7: Ratification Established that the document must be ratified by the States (3/4) for It to become law
- 28. Ratification Once delegatesleft the convention that had to get their states to ratify the Constitution 1787-1791
- 29. Overview Process establishedby Framers – Article 7 Debate occurred: between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Delegates elected to state conventions to accept or reject the Constitution (bypass state Legislators) Nine states had to accept, before it could be ratified
- 30. Federalist Favored strongnational government sharing power with the states Believed that separation of powers (3 branches of government) had built in checks and balances Believed that federal powers were needed to manage trade, defense, and foreign relations Believed that factions balanced each others’ power- Believed Citizen’s rights were implied-no need for Bill of Rights Federalist Papers: A collection of 85 essays that argued the
- 31. Anti-Federalist Believed thatthe federal government would favor the interest of the rich and powerful and ignore the rights of the masses Believed that one central government would be too powerful and would threaten individual rights and liberties Believed that individual rights must be protected in a Bill of Rights
- 33. Virginia Documents and Freedom How VA helped make the Bill of Rights
- 34. Virginia Declaration ofRights Author George Mason 1776 It guaranteed certain rights that the government can not take away (what are these called) Examples Freedom of worship Freedom of speech The right to a fair trial
- 35. Virginia Statute forReligious Freedom Author Thomas Jefferson 1786 Established separation of Church and state Eliminated official state church Church could no longer received money from taxes Established principals
- 36. Bill of Rights Authored by James Madison Created because of the efforts of the Anti-Federalist Guaranteed the rights of individual citizens, the new federal government could not take away Without addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution, it may not have been ratified Bill of Rights very similar to the Virginia Declaration of Rights and Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom First 10 amendments to the Constitution