This paper discusses a novel “proxy” approach, aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network and based on ultra low cost, narrow band power-line transmission (ULP). Bidirectional point-to-point communication is carried out on power-supply wire between the appliance itself and the outlet.
Here a dedicated device embeds both network management functions and ULP communication, acting as a proxy between the appliance and the home network. Through this approach, white goods and any other electrical household appliance can be connected to the home network at extremely low communication cost and without issues related to standard protocol selection. In this summary, after a brief introduction, the network structure is presented. Next, physical layer of ULP protocol is discussed and a prototypal HW implementation is presented. Finally, experimental ULP performances are discussed and conclusions are drawn. (Presented at ISPLC 2005)
Wr@p the last meter technology for energy aware networked smart appliancesValerio Aisa
This paper presents a detailed analysis of Wr@p technology (Web Ready Appliances Protocol, also known as Power Modulation), an ultra-low-cost powerline communication solution devoted to the electrical appliance market. Wr@p technology is aimed at adding communication capability to a household appliance without affecting its industrial cost, thus speeding up the diffusion of “smart” appliances interacting with the power distribution grid and contributing to the smart grid paradigm.
A Wr@p transceiver establishes a narrow-band powerline communication exploiting the “last meter”, i.e. the power supply cord between the appliance and the outlet, where a proxy device, the smart adapter (SA), flexibly deals with standard home networking solutions. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for (i) connectivity at negligible cost and, (ii) keeps hardware and software virtually independent from the actual home networking protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). In this work, after recalling the basics of Wr@p point-to-point communication, an extension to the multipoint-to-point scenario is introduced. Design of silicon implementations integrated into commercial microcontroller architectures are presented and the results of extensive test of fabricated devices under actual operating conditions are detailed. Moreover, we present a complete Wr@p development solution, featuring wireless networks integration.
An Ultra-Low Cost Solution based on Power-Line CommunicationValerio Aisa
This paper discusses a novel communication system, devoted to networking of electrical appliances. The proposed solution relies on a “proxy” approach: bidirectional point-to point communication (called ULP: Ultra-Low cost Power-line) is established on the power-supply wire, between the appliance and the outlet. Here a transceiver embeds both network management functions and ULP communication, acting as a proxy between the appliance and the home network. The proposed approach provides several advantages: i) communication costs at the appliance side are kept at a minimum and, ii) appliance hardware and software are virtually independent from the actual networking protocol, managed by the external proxy device. In order to make the application of ULP communication straightforward, transceiver physical layer have been implemented in a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. Test of the peripheral has been carried out by exploiting a development tool based on a μC-FPGA mixed architecture, where programmable device is directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This solution closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allows for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions. ULP communication has been fully characterized, attaining a BER figure well below 10−6.
Implementation and Test of a Power-Line based Communication System for Elect...Valerio Aisa
This paper discusses the development of a low-cost, narrow-band transmission system, aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network. The proposed approach is based on powerline communication (ULP: Ultra Low-cost Powerline), carried out on the power-supply wire between the appliance and the outlet. Through ULP, appliance can communicate with a transceiver node located at the outlet, the “smart adapter”, which, in turn, can flexibly route messages toward external control devices (e.g., for diagnostic purposes) or, more generally, toward a home control network. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for connectivity at extremely low costs, at the same time keeping independent of the actual home control network protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). To make practical their implementation on a variety of digital appliances, ULP communication functions have been implemented in a dedicated hardware device, conceived as a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. In this work, details on the peripheral architecture and its implementation are given. A prototype of the peripheral has been developed, based on a FPGA board directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allowed for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to battery powered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
A Simulation of Wideband CDMA System on Digital Up/Down ConvertersEditor IJMTER
In this paper, I present FPGA implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) and
digital up converter (DUC) for a single carrier WCDMA system. The DDC and DUC is complex in
nature. The implementation of DDC is simple because it does not require mixers or filters. Xilinx
System Generator and Xilinx ISE are used to develop the hardware circuit for the FPGA. Both the
circuits are verified on the Spartan - 3 FPGA
Wr@p the last meter technology for energy aware networked smart appliancesValerio Aisa
This paper presents a detailed analysis of Wr@p technology (Web Ready Appliances Protocol, also known as Power Modulation), an ultra-low-cost powerline communication solution devoted to the electrical appliance market. Wr@p technology is aimed at adding communication capability to a household appliance without affecting its industrial cost, thus speeding up the diffusion of “smart” appliances interacting with the power distribution grid and contributing to the smart grid paradigm.
A Wr@p transceiver establishes a narrow-band powerline communication exploiting the “last meter”, i.e. the power supply cord between the appliance and the outlet, where a proxy device, the smart adapter (SA), flexibly deals with standard home networking solutions. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for (i) connectivity at negligible cost and, (ii) keeps hardware and software virtually independent from the actual home networking protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). In this work, after recalling the basics of Wr@p point-to-point communication, an extension to the multipoint-to-point scenario is introduced. Design of silicon implementations integrated into commercial microcontroller architectures are presented and the results of extensive test of fabricated devices under actual operating conditions are detailed. Moreover, we present a complete Wr@p development solution, featuring wireless networks integration.
An Ultra-Low Cost Solution based on Power-Line CommunicationValerio Aisa
This paper discusses a novel communication system, devoted to networking of electrical appliances. The proposed solution relies on a “proxy” approach: bidirectional point-to point communication (called ULP: Ultra-Low cost Power-line) is established on the power-supply wire, between the appliance and the outlet. Here a transceiver embeds both network management functions and ULP communication, acting as a proxy between the appliance and the home network. The proposed approach provides several advantages: i) communication costs at the appliance side are kept at a minimum and, ii) appliance hardware and software are virtually independent from the actual networking protocol, managed by the external proxy device. In order to make the application of ULP communication straightforward, transceiver physical layer have been implemented in a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. Test of the peripheral has been carried out by exploiting a development tool based on a μC-FPGA mixed architecture, where programmable device is directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This solution closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allows for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions. ULP communication has been fully characterized, attaining a BER figure well below 10−6.
Implementation and Test of a Power-Line based Communication System for Elect...Valerio Aisa
This paper discusses the development of a low-cost, narrow-band transmission system, aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network. The proposed approach is based on powerline communication (ULP: Ultra Low-cost Powerline), carried out on the power-supply wire between the appliance and the outlet. Through ULP, appliance can communicate with a transceiver node located at the outlet, the “smart adapter”, which, in turn, can flexibly route messages toward external control devices (e.g., for diagnostic purposes) or, more generally, toward a home control network. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for connectivity at extremely low costs, at the same time keeping independent of the actual home control network protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). To make practical their implementation on a variety of digital appliances, ULP communication functions have been implemented in a dedicated hardware device, conceived as a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. In this work, details on the peripheral architecture and its implementation are given. A prototype of the peripheral has been developed, based on a FPGA board directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allowed for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to battery powered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
A Simulation of Wideband CDMA System on Digital Up/Down ConvertersEditor IJMTER
In this paper, I present FPGA implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) and
digital up converter (DUC) for a single carrier WCDMA system. The DDC and DUC is complex in
nature. The implementation of DDC is simple because it does not require mixers or filters. Xilinx
System Generator and Xilinx ISE are used to develop the hardware circuit for the FPGA. Both the
circuits are verified on the Spartan - 3 FPGA
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Energy Efficient RF Remote Control for Dimming the Household ApplaincesRadita Apriana
During recent years there is a strong trend towards radio frequency (RF) remote controls as it is
delivering even more comfort to the users and increased usability with high robustness of the RF links.
Lower power consumption with new features and security make RF remote control systems more
competitive with widely used IR remote control systems. In this paper we propose, a RF module based
real time system, which is an integrated system designed to control the dimming or speed of the
appliances. Zigbee module is used as RF module to establish wireless link between Remote and appliance
section having 9600kbs baud rate and range of 100m. Dimming control circuits is part of appliances
section which is used to control the appliances corresponding to signals generated by the remote section.
This system provides energy efficient solution for household uses.
Low Noise Amplifier using Darlington Pair At 90nm Technology IJECEIAES
The demand of low noise amplifier (LNA) has been rising in today’s communication system. LNA is the basic building circuit of the receiver section satellite. The design concept demonstrates the design trade off with NF, gain, power consumption. This paper reports on with analysis of wideband LNA. This paper shows the schematic of LNA by using Darlington pair amplifier. This LNA has been fabricated on 90nm CMOS process. This paper is focused on to make comparison of three stage and single stage LNA. Here, the phase mismatch between these patameters is quantitavely analyzed to study the effect on gain and noise figure (NF). In this paper, single stage LNA has shown the 23 dB measured gain, while the three stages LNA has demonstrated 29 dB measured gain. Here, LNA designed using darlington pair shows low NF of 3.3-4.8 dB, which comparable to other reported single stage LNA designs and appreciably low compared to the three stages LNA. Hence, findings from this paper suggest the use of single stage LNA designed using Darlington pair in transceiver satellite applications.
Synched E Harvesting Wireless Sensors For Sensors Expo 2009 Distswarms_2009
This presentation, "Synchronized Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks", was made at the 2009 Sensors Expo in Rosemount, IL.
MicroStrain has developed the next generation energy harvesting wireless nodes for health monitoring of
structures and condition based monitoring of machinery. These nodes can be integrated into a large scale
network, controlled with a Wireless Sensor Data Aggregator (WSDA) providing node-to-node synchronization up to +/- 4 microseconds.
This presentation demonstrate:
- Different RF receiver architectures.
- Basics of Multi-Standard receivers.
- How to select receiver's specifications from the selected standard.
- Subsampling basics.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). The modulation is impressed by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time. It is widely used for wireless LANs, RFID and Bluetooth communication
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal.[1] The technology is used for communication systems such as amateur radio, caller ID and emergency broadcasts
This thermal power plant is about The Thermal Power Plant which is situated in 'Manigram' in "West Bengal". It will do quite a presentation as thermal power plant and workings of it.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Energy Efficient RF Remote Control for Dimming the Household ApplaincesRadita Apriana
During recent years there is a strong trend towards radio frequency (RF) remote controls as it is
delivering even more comfort to the users and increased usability with high robustness of the RF links.
Lower power consumption with new features and security make RF remote control systems more
competitive with widely used IR remote control systems. In this paper we propose, a RF module based
real time system, which is an integrated system designed to control the dimming or speed of the
appliances. Zigbee module is used as RF module to establish wireless link between Remote and appliance
section having 9600kbs baud rate and range of 100m. Dimming control circuits is part of appliances
section which is used to control the appliances corresponding to signals generated by the remote section.
This system provides energy efficient solution for household uses.
Low Noise Amplifier using Darlington Pair At 90nm Technology IJECEIAES
The demand of low noise amplifier (LNA) has been rising in today’s communication system. LNA is the basic building circuit of the receiver section satellite. The design concept demonstrates the design trade off with NF, gain, power consumption. This paper reports on with analysis of wideband LNA. This paper shows the schematic of LNA by using Darlington pair amplifier. This LNA has been fabricated on 90nm CMOS process. This paper is focused on to make comparison of three stage and single stage LNA. Here, the phase mismatch between these patameters is quantitavely analyzed to study the effect on gain and noise figure (NF). In this paper, single stage LNA has shown the 23 dB measured gain, while the three stages LNA has demonstrated 29 dB measured gain. Here, LNA designed using darlington pair shows low NF of 3.3-4.8 dB, which comparable to other reported single stage LNA designs and appreciably low compared to the three stages LNA. Hence, findings from this paper suggest the use of single stage LNA designed using Darlington pair in transceiver satellite applications.
Synched E Harvesting Wireless Sensors For Sensors Expo 2009 Distswarms_2009
This presentation, "Synchronized Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks", was made at the 2009 Sensors Expo in Rosemount, IL.
MicroStrain has developed the next generation energy harvesting wireless nodes for health monitoring of
structures and condition based monitoring of machinery. These nodes can be integrated into a large scale
network, controlled with a Wireless Sensor Data Aggregator (WSDA) providing node-to-node synchronization up to +/- 4 microseconds.
This presentation demonstrate:
- Different RF receiver architectures.
- Basics of Multi-Standard receivers.
- How to select receiver's specifications from the selected standard.
- Subsampling basics.
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). The modulation is impressed by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time. It is widely used for wireless LANs, RFID and Bluetooth communication
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal.[1] The technology is used for communication systems such as amateur radio, caller ID and emergency broadcasts
This thermal power plant is about The Thermal Power Plant which is situated in 'Manigram' in "West Bengal". It will do quite a presentation as thermal power plant and workings of it.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Power-Grid Load Balancing by Using Smart Home AppliancesValerio Aisa
Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet, and can be mitigated by increasing the efficiency of the electric power generation and distribution system. Dynamic demand control is a low-cost technology that fosters better load balancing of the electricity grid, and thus enable savings on CO2 emissions at power plants. This paper discusses a practical and inexpensive solution for the implementation of dynamic demand control, based on a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. Pre-production test of the peripheral has been carried out by emulating the actual microprocessor. Simulations have been carried out, to investigate actual efficacy of the proposed approach.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
This project is used to control electrical appliances or loads through a personal computer (PC) like theatre lighting can be centrally controlled from a PC.
In this paper, a Sigma-Delta Quantizer (∑∆-Q) based Proportional and Integral control is proposed for a wireless power transfer control system, namely inductive power transfer system. The proposed control topology employs ∑∆-Qs to convert the conventional signals (analog/digital signals) into bitsreatm signals (1-bit per sample time). Considering the oversampling feature of ∑∆-Q, field programmable gate array is utilized in the implementation of the control system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented control topology, it is compared with an inductive power transfer control system using the conventional proportional and integral controller. For the sake of simplicity, the comparison is carried out using hardware in Loop. Both control systems exhibit almost identical responses. However, the bitstream feature of the proposed PI controller significantly helps in reducing the hardware resources (logic elements) in field programmable gate array. In addition, less wire routing and computational complexity is achieved due to absence of multipliers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Connecting electrical appliances to a Home Network using low-cost Power-Line Communication
1. Connecting electrical appliances to a Home Network
using low-cost Power-Line Communication
Andrea Ricci∗ , Valerio Aisa† , Valerio Cascio† , Guido Matrella∗ and Paolo Ciampolini∗
∗ Dipartimentodi Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universit` degli Studi di Parma
a
Parma 43100, Italy. Email: andrea.ricci@nemo.unipr.it, {guido.matrella,paolo.ciampolini}@unipr.it
† Wrap s.p.a., Fabriano (AN), Italy. Email: Valerio.Aisa@merloni.com, valerio.cascio@wraphome.com
Abstract— This paper discusses a novel “proxy” approach, Home Communication Node Micro-
aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network and Network (PLC, Wi-Fi, Zig-bee) controller
based on ultra low cost, narrow band power-line transmission Power
(ULP). Bidirectional point-to-point communication is carried out Micro- Meter
AFE ULP digital
on power-supply wire between the appliance itself and the outlet. controller Triac circuitry
Here a dedicated device embeds both network management
functions and ULP communication, acting as a proxy between
the appliance and the home network. Through this approach,
Ultra Low-cost Power-line Communication
white goods and any other electrical household appliance can be Smart
connected to the home network at extremely low communication Adapter Digital Appliance
cost and without issues related to standard protocol selection. In
this summary, after a brief introduction, the network structure
Fig. 1. Network structure
is presented. Next, physical layer of ULP protocol is discussed
and a prototypal HW implementation is presented. Finally,
experimental ULP performances are discussed and conclusions
are drawn. communication node (located, for instance, at the outlet).
Index Terms— power line, networks, home appliance, pro- By this approach, a number of definite advantages can be
grammable device.
attained: communication costs on the appliance side are kept
at a minimum; appliance hardware and software are virtually
I. I NTRODUCTION independent of the actual home networking protocol and
medium; general-purpose adapters can be designed, sharing
Nowadays, most of modern household appliances incor-
design and manufacturing costs on larger production volumes;
porate digital controllers: as electronics costs decrease and
moreover, the same communication node embedded in the
functionality increases, more and more sophisticated tasks can
adapter can actually serve multiple appliances, thus further
be accomplished by embedded digital circuitry: among most
lowering connection costs.
interesting perspectives, network connectivity is expected to
In the following, basic operating principles and a prototypal
become a standard feature in the next future. This will allow
implementation of the ULP technology are described.
for implementing remote control, for smart power management
and, mostly important, it will enable remote maintenance or
II. N ETWORK STRUCTURE
servicing from manufacturers or service-centers, preventive
maintenance, SW upgrades and early fault diagnostics. This, Figure 1 describes the network structure. Each appliance
in turn, will improve functionality, safety, reliability and is connected to his outlet. Bidirectional, point-to-point data
performance of appliances. In principle, a wide variety of transfer is carried out on the power cord: however, instead
network devices and protocols can be exploited to this purpose of using more conventional PLC communications, which
(e.g., LON [1], Konnex [2], Ethernet [3], etc.); however, would require relatively complicated (i.e., expensive) mod-
no agreement on a universally recognized home-networking ulation/demodulation circuitry, a much simpler solution is
“standard” has been reached yet. On the other hand, bandwith obtained by directly modulating the base-frequency power
requirements for the applications recalled above could be exchange between the outlet and the appliance.
significantly lower than those granted by full-featured home A small device, called “Smart Adapter”, connects the appli-
networks. This, associated to the extremely tight economic ance power-supply plug and the outlet, acting as a bridge
constraints typical of this market, prevents most solutions towards the home network. At one end, the smart adapter
from being effectively exploited for low-cost “white goods” manages “power modulation” communications with the ap-
networking. To overcome this problem, a solution has been pliance, while, at the opposite end, it embeds specific network
proposed in [4], based on a “proxy” approach: an ultra low cost controllers, interfacing to wired (e.g. broadband PLC, ethernet,
power-line narrow band technology (called ULP), is adopted, etc.) as well as wireless (e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.) networks.
enabling a bidirectional communication on power supply wire At the appliance front-end, simple digital signal processing
between the appliance itself and a stand-alone, general-purpose (either performed by the appliance controller itself or by
2. Smart Adapter IDA Digital Appliance
SWL an inexpensive resistive load (ZULP ). The appliance current,
exemplified in Fig. 3a, is therefore:
Power ZULP ULP
VS logic m (t) VS (t)
meter
TULP m(t)
circuitry
IDA = =
ZU LP
(a) VM 2π
= sin t dk pT (t − kT ) , (4)
ZU LP T
k
zc1
m ZULP Z1 At the Smart Adapter, data coming from the electrical
Z2 zc2
appliance are decoded by measuring the mean power absorbed
by the appliance during each k-th cycle of the supply voltage.
(b) If N samples of the instantaneous power P (t) are acquired
Lj Lj+1 k
per cycle, the mean power PT reads:
Fig. 2. ULP Transmission: (a) Digital Appliance to Smart Adapter, (b) Smart
Adapter to Digital Appliance (k+1)T
N −1
1 1 T T
k
PT = P dt ∼
= P kT + +i . (5)
T N i=0
2N N
additional logic circuitry) can be used to analyze the input kT
power-supply waveform; just a few discrete components (in The resulting scheme is very robust and reliable and can be
the following referred to as the Analog Front-End, AFE) are implemented at practically no additional costs.
needed to couple the digital domain and the power analog Smart Adapter sends data to the digital appliance by gener-
section. Actual voltage, phase and frequency can be extracted,
suitable, for instance, for early detection of power fails or VS (a)
misfunctioning. In the approach discussed here, slight, inten-
tional perturbations of the power supply waveform are also m(t)
1 0 0 1
used to carry additional information from the outside world to I DA
the appliance (“upstream” data flow): information can thus be Lj L j+1
decoded by exploiting already available resources. Similarly, VS
m
(b)
“downstream” communication (from the appliance to the smart
adapter) comes almost for free: information is encoded by ZC 1
modulating the instantaneous power consumption; to this ZC 2
purpose, the digital unit may simply control the switching of a
small additional load. As shown in Fig. 1, the Smart Adapter Fig. 3. ULP transmission signals: (a) Downstream communication, (b)
includes a microcontroller used as system supervisor and to Upstream communication
implements ULP logic functions. A power meter (receiver) and
a triac (transmitter) interface the controller to the powerline. ating short and precise interruptions of the appliance power
supply. In this case, the j th packet of M bit
III. ULP COMMUNICATION : PHYSICAL LAYER
Downstream communication is based on the modulation Dj = {dM j , dM j+1 , ..., dM j+M −1 } , (6)
of instantaneous power consumption: to this purpose, let’s is transmitted at a time. Data are encoded by modulating the
assume a set of binary data dk is to be transmitted, and interruption duration Lj as follows:
2π g (Dj )
VS (t) = VM sin t , (1) Lj = L0 + LV j = L0 + LV max , (7)
T 2M
is the supply voltage (T being the AC period). If a single where g is the Gray encoding function, L0 is an offset, constant
bit per period is transmitted (i.e., a throughput of 50/60 bit/s, lenght and LV max is the maximum allowed length of inter-
depending on the powerline frequency), a mask function can ruption variable term. Interruptions are controlled by a triac
be straightforwardly introduced: driven by the smart adapter logic, and synchronized with zero-
crossing of supply voltage, as shown in Fig. 3b. Experiments
m (t) = dk pT (t − kT ) , (2)
demonstrate the possibility to send at least one nibble (M = 4)
k
at a time, without affecting the proper functionality of the
where the port function pT (t) is defined as appliance. In this case, for instance, parameters can be set as
follows: L0 = 4 ms, LV max = 2 ms, with the AC supply
1 0<t<T
pT (t) = u (t) − u (t − T ) = (3) voltage period T set at 20 ms. Again, the main concern here
0 otherwise
is to keep the digital control at the appliance side as simple
Data can be easily encoded in the supply current by letting as possible: the AFE just includes two Schmitt triggers having
m(t) activate a small triac (TULP ) which, in turn, drives different thresholds (0 and 90 V), and provides ULP logic with
3. a couple of square waves, zc1 and zc2 . Extracting the rising- initial “calibrating” phase, and the actual operational mode.
edge delay between zc1 and zc2 is almost trivial: if such an Calibration is necessary to deal with tolerance of the low-
interval is larger than L0 , a message coming from the Smart cost AFE components: to this purpose, the receiver is first
Adapter message is recognized and decoded by measuring Lj , trained by means a fixed sequence of known data, from which
which just requires elementary binary counters. ¯
the actual mean value of the offset L0 is extracted. In the
operational phase, interruptions lenght are measured through
IV. FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF ULP PHYSICAL LAYER binary counters; data are decoded according to (7), accounting
¯
for the calibrated value L0 . Decoded nibbles are used by the
As already stressed above, transceiver tasks at the appliance
side are kept as simple as possible, in order to lower the RRC (Receiver Register Control) block to build data bytes, to
overhead induced by communication. Software implementa- be stored into data register. Contemporarily, receiver state flags
tion of these tasks on the appliance native microcontroller are set in the status register. The receiver block also detects
is therefore relatively inexpensive; nevertheless, it would be power supply failures, by testing if voltage interruptions length
largely preferrable to delegate them to a hardware, peripheral, exceedes the AC period value. If this occurs, a proper interrupt
so that interference with appliance software applications and flag is raised.
resources could be almost zeroed. Increase of the hardware The transmitter section generates the mask signal m(t) (which
cost would be negligible as well, if such a peripheral could controls power modulation triac TULP ), by means of a shift
be integrated into the microcontroller device itself: to explore register, triggered by the zero-crossing signal zc1 and loaded,
the practicality of such an approach, we have developed a eight bit at a time, from data register.
prototypal implementation of a “power modulation” macrocell, The last block monitors the power supply. It computes ampli-
by means of a low-cost FPGA device. tude and frequency of supply voltage (i.e.: 50 or 60 Hz), by
As shown in Fig. 4, the ULP interface can be divided into using the same time interval estimation techniques exploited
five functional blocks: a register interface, a module for signal by the receiver section. The hardware design of ULP physical
conditioning, transmitter, receiver and line info block. FPGA layer has been tested using an evaluation board (Digilab
operations are performed using 1 MHz system clock, provided 2SB) based on a Xilinx Spartan-II 200E chip [5]; a portable
by the appliance microcontroller. VHDL code has been developed, the implementation of which
Communication between FPGA logic and microcontroller is requires about 1.500 equivalent logic gates. Functionality of
performed using a register interface. The register set in- the circuit has been fully validated, and experimental estimate
cludes five 8-bit registers (control register PMCR, status of the Bit Error Rate associated to the ULP protocol indicates
register PMSR, data register PMDR, voltage measure register a BER figure lower than 10−6 . More accurate assessment of
PMVMR and clock generation register PMCGR), all sharing the BER inferior limit is currently under way.
the same interface with microcontroller, based on address and V. C ONCLUSIONS
data buses, read/write signals and a set of five interrupt flags.
In this paper a low bit-rate, ultra low-cost powerline com-
The macrocell takes care of signal conditioning: square waves
munication (ULP) protocol is discussed. Its main goal is
zc1 and zc2 are routed through noise suppressors before being
that of allowing for networking digital household appliances,
latched internally. Their edges are used to generate trigger
without adding significant costs and staying independent of the
signals for subsequent processing blocks.
actual home-networking protocol by tranferring higher-level
The receiver module operates in two distinct modes: an
communication tasks to an external “Smart Adapter” device.
Formal basics of the “power modulation” approach, un-
derlaid by the ULP protocol, have been illustrated, and a
prototypal hardware implementation of a ULP controller has
been discussed. Experimental validation has been carried
out, obtaining fully satisfactory results, both in terms of
performance and chip-area requirements. This suggest that
incorporating an inexpensive ULP peripheral into a standard
microcontroller would effectively allow for narrow-band, low-
cost networking of digital appliances.
R EFERENCES
[1] Echelon Corporation, LonTalk Protocol Specification, version 3.0. 1994.
[2] Konnex Association, KNX Standard. 2001.
[3] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., IEEE Std 802.3.
IEEE Computer Society, 2002.
[4] V. Aisa, P. Falcioni and P. Pracchi, Connecting white goods to a home
network at a very low cost. International Appliance Manufacturing,
2004.
Fig. 4. Architecture of ULP physical interface implemented with pro- [5] Xilinx, Spartan-IIE 1.8V FPGA Family: Complete Datasheet. 2004.
grammable logice device