This document provides guidance on designing and implementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It discusses choosing between centralized and cascaded splitting approaches. Centralized splitting uses a single splitter located close to the optical line terminal, while cascaded splitting uses multiple splitters in a tree-like structure. The document also covers topics like choosing splitter types, calculating splitting ratios and attenuation budgets, and testing optical power levels. Designing an FTTH network requires considering factors like topology, subscriber density and distance to optimize network performance and cost.
Zyxel’s Fiber Access solution provides versatile fiber connectivity for service providers according to the deployment requirements. Service providers can highly optimize and integrate various FTTx applications with the freedom to deploy services easily on GPON, GEPON, Active Fiber solutions with OLT, ONU/ONT and active fiber gateways.
Passive optical networks (PONs) provide fiber connectivity to multiple end users using a point-to-multipoint architecture and passive splitters to reduce costs. PONs use a single fiber to the premises, with a passive optical splitter used to feed multiple end users. This allows for fiber-based connectivity at costs similar to copper. Common PON types include GPON, EPON, and BPON. PONs employ wavelength division duplexing with different wavelengths for downstream and upstream traffic and time division multiple access for upstream transmissions.
This document summarizes the key standards for Passive Optical Network (PON) technologies, including GPON, XG-PON1, NG-PON2, and XGS-PON. It provides information on the nominal line rates, split ratios, maximum distances, wavelength ranges, and service mappings supported by each standard. The standards were developed by the ITU-T to support the evolution of PON technologies and enable higher speeds, longer reach, and greater user bandwidth capacities over optical fiber networks.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
1. The optical distribution network (ODN) must be carefully planned to ensure clients receive a usable optical signal over the desired coverage area.
2. Splitting ratio and level choices such as 1x32 or 1x64 affect how many clients can be supported per PON port and the optical power budget.
3. Distance between the OLT and furthest ONT must be considered - maximum reach is typically 20-25km depending on splitting used to stay within power and loss budgets.
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology and implementation models. It provides information on:
- GPON standards and components like the OLT, ONU, and splitters
- Implementation models for retail/residential, enterprise/HRB, and mobile backhaul networks
- Considerations for ODN design and link budget calculations for different splitting scenarios
- Capabilities of OLTs, ONUs, and ONTs including interfaces, services supported, and functionalities
- Examples of residential ODN installation and network architectures for different use cases
This document discusses fiber to the x (FTTx) network architectures, including fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the premises (FTTP), fiber to the curb (FTTC), and fiber to the node (FTTN). It provides an overview of the current status and adoption of FTTx networks in the United States, drivers for telecommunications companies and homeowners to implement FTTx, and common FTTx network designs like home run, active star, and passive optical networks (PON). The document also outlines the components involved in FTTx networks and benefits of FTTx for contractors.
The document discusses key concepts and technologies of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks), including:
1) The basic architecture of PON networks consisting of an OLT, ONUs, and a passive optical splitter.
2) Reasons for adopting the GPON standard such as supporting high-bandwidth transmission and long reach.
3) Key GPON technologies including ranging, equalization delay, dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for upstream/downstream transmission.
Zyxel’s Fiber Access solution provides versatile fiber connectivity for service providers according to the deployment requirements. Service providers can highly optimize and integrate various FTTx applications with the freedom to deploy services easily on GPON, GEPON, Active Fiber solutions with OLT, ONU/ONT and active fiber gateways.
Passive optical networks (PONs) provide fiber connectivity to multiple end users using a point-to-multipoint architecture and passive splitters to reduce costs. PONs use a single fiber to the premises, with a passive optical splitter used to feed multiple end users. This allows for fiber-based connectivity at costs similar to copper. Common PON types include GPON, EPON, and BPON. PONs employ wavelength division duplexing with different wavelengths for downstream and upstream traffic and time division multiple access for upstream transmissions.
This document summarizes the key standards for Passive Optical Network (PON) technologies, including GPON, XG-PON1, NG-PON2, and XGS-PON. It provides information on the nominal line rates, split ratios, maximum distances, wavelength ranges, and service mappings supported by each standard. The standards were developed by the ITU-T to support the evolution of PON technologies and enable higher speeds, longer reach, and greater user bandwidth capacities over optical fiber networks.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
1. The optical distribution network (ODN) must be carefully planned to ensure clients receive a usable optical signal over the desired coverage area.
2. Splitting ratio and level choices such as 1x32 or 1x64 affect how many clients can be supported per PON port and the optical power budget.
3. Distance between the OLT and furthest ONT must be considered - maximum reach is typically 20-25km depending on splitting used to stay within power and loss budgets.
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology and implementation models. It provides information on:
- GPON standards and components like the OLT, ONU, and splitters
- Implementation models for retail/residential, enterprise/HRB, and mobile backhaul networks
- Considerations for ODN design and link budget calculations for different splitting scenarios
- Capabilities of OLTs, ONUs, and ONTs including interfaces, services supported, and functionalities
- Examples of residential ODN installation and network architectures for different use cases
This document discusses fiber to the x (FTTx) network architectures, including fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the premises (FTTP), fiber to the curb (FTTC), and fiber to the node (FTTN). It provides an overview of the current status and adoption of FTTx networks in the United States, drivers for telecommunications companies and homeowners to implement FTTx, and common FTTx network designs like home run, active star, and passive optical networks (PON). The document also outlines the components involved in FTTx networks and benefits of FTTx for contractors.
The document discusses key concepts and technologies of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks), including:
1) The basic architecture of PON networks consisting of an OLT, ONUs, and a passive optical splitter.
2) Reasons for adopting the GPON standard such as supporting high-bandwidth transmission and long reach.
3) Key GPON technologies including ranging, equalization delay, dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for upstream/downstream transmission.
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It discusses the basic concepts and working principles of PON networks, comparing GPON to other PON standards like EPON. The document also analyzes key GPON standards and specifications, describes the GPON network model reference, and reviews basic GPON performance parameters and network protection modes.
This document discusses GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides details on GPON network architecture and components like the OLT and ONT. It then analyzes competition between major GPON equipment vendors like Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, ZTE, and Ericsson. Their key GPON products are described and example deployments listed. Finally, the document shows Huawei, ZTE, and Alcatel-Lucent have the largest shares of the global GPON market, together commanding over half of all GPON lines.
Passive infrastructure of FTTH networks: an overviewLuc De Heyn
Presentation of the FTTH Council webinar on September 2014. A general introduction to FTTH passive infrastructure and a view on the latest trends.
Speaker: Raf Meersman, CEO of Comsof
More info on planning & design of FTTH infrastructure: http://www.fiberplanit.com
The document discusses fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network basics and design. It covers drivers for FTTH including increasing bandwidth demands, advantages of fiber such as higher bandwidth capabilities and lower costs per bit compared to copper. The document reviews fiber components like single-mode fiber, connectors, splitters, and closures. It also discusses FTTH network architectures including point-to-point, GPON, and GE-PON designs as well as installation techniques for outside plant fiber cable placement and splicing. The presentation aims to provide an overview of FTTH network fundamentals and considerations for planning FTTH deployments.
This document discusses the GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology for fiber access networks. Some key points:
- GPON supports high-bandwidth, long-reach (up to 20km), and triple-play services, making it widely adopted by carriers.
- It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber shared between an OLT and multiple ONUs using passive splitters.
- Wavelength division multiplexing is used with downstream at 1490nm and upstream at 1310nm. Time division multiple access manages upstream bandwidth sharing between ONUs.
- Typical deployments include fiber to the home (FTTH),
View all Sessions
Kashif Islam, Solutions Architect , Cisco
Jay Romero, Sr. Director, IT Operations , Erickson Living
Come and learn how Erickson Living achieved deployment success using Cisco ME4600 based GPON Solution. Guest Presenter: Jay Romero, Sr.Director - IT Operations. Passive Optical Networks (PON) provides an effective and efficient way of providing fiber based high speed access to residential and business users. With the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, service providers are looking for fiber solutions that are cost-effective and easy to deploy and manage. This session will provide an insight into PON technology, with a focus on Gigabit-Capable PON. Attendees will learn basic design principles and applicable use cases for architecting a GPON Network using the Cisco ME4600 OLT and ONT/ONU. The presentation will outline the requirements to configure and verify an end-to-end service over ME4600 OLT. Redundancy mechanisms, such as Type B protection, in a GPON based environment will also be covered Attendees will walk away from this session with a firm understanding of the GPON technology, a clear view of applicability of GPON vs point-to-point ethernet for varius scenarios and reference designs for an effective, fast and reliable GPON network using Cisco ME4600 series of OLT and ONT products.
GPON provides a cost-effective fiber access network solution for delivering high-speed broadband, voice, and video services to customers. It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber delivering services to multiple premises, reducing deployment costs compared to point-to-point networks. Major benefits of GPON include high bandwidth capacities of up to 2.5 Gbps, lower equipment and fiber deployment costs due to the shared infrastructure model, and the ability to support multiple services and protocols in their native formats. GPON is well-suited for fiber-to-the-home/business deployments and can also provide cost-effective backhaul solutions for mobile networks through its native TDM and all-IP capabilities
TR-156 Monitoring features provides a complete, fast and reliable tool for GPON diagnosis. It describes network architectures and deployment scenarios for Ethernet-based GPON aggregation networks including:
- Fiber To The Home (FTTH), Fiber Into The Home (FITH), and Fiber To The Office (FTTO) deployments.
- Traffic control facilities in ONUs for upstream and downstream traffic including GEM ports, T-CONTs, and priority control.
- Residential N:1 VLAN tagging where traffic is single-tagged with an S-Tag throughout the aggregation network.
- An example residential N:1 VLAN configuration translating between C-VLAN and S-VLAN
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology:
- GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing to enable bidirectional communication over a single fiber, with downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA for multiplexing user signals.
- Key standards include ITU-T G.984 for parameters, G.984.2 for physical layer specs, G.984.3 for transmission convergence layer, and G.984.4 for OMCI management.
- The GPON architecture consists of an OLT, ONUs, a passive optical splitter, and supports transmission speeds up to 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of an ONT portfolio, including:
1. Data only ONTs that provide Ethernet interfaces for internet access.
2. Data and voice ONTs that provide both Ethernet and POTS interfaces to support internet, phone, and TV services to residential users.
3. Wireless ONTs that integrate WiFi access point functionality to provide wireless internet in addition to wired Ethernet and phone interfaces.
4. MDU ONTs designed for multi-dwelling units like apartments, providing VDSL interfaces over existing in-building copper wiring to multiple residential units.
Passive Optical LAN Solution - White PaperSyed Firas
This document summarizes a white paper about passive optical LAN (POL) solutions. It discusses how POL uses fiber optic and passive splitting technology based on Gigabit PON to replace traditional copper-based active Ethernet LANs. POL provides significant benefits like reduced capital and operating expenses, improved energy efficiency, security and reliability. It allows enterprises to meet growing bandwidth needs without needing to change existing services or devices.
This document provides an overview of fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) network architectures including fiber-to-the-premise (FTTP), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and fiber-to-the-node (FTTN). It describes the key components of a passive optical network (PON) including the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network termination (ONT). It also discusses approaches to deploying FTTx networks such as greenfield, overbuild, and using FTTN/FTTC as intermediate steps to eventually enabling FTTP directly to customer premises.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides an overview of GPON standards and network architecture. GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and TDMA to transmit data over a single fiber. The key standards are ITU-T G.984 series, which define aspects like transmission rates, frame structure, and OMCI management. A GPON network provides various access methods like FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC to support broadband services.
Passive Optic Network (PON) provides a point-to-multipoint fiber connection between an optical line terminal at the operator's central office and multiple optical network units near customers. PON uses passive splitters to enable a single fiber to serve multiple premises, reducing network installation costs compared to point-to-point architecture. Major PON technologies include Ethernet PON (EPON), which uses Ethernet packet transmission, and Gigabit PON (GPON), which supports higher speeds of up to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. PON is increasingly seen as an affordable way to deliver high-speed broadband and triple-play services to both urban and rural areas.
The document provides an overview of Passive Optical Networking (PON) and GPON fundamentals. It begins with the objectives of the course and describes the basic components and properties of a PON network, including optical fibers, splitters, transmitters, receivers, and wavelength usage. It then focuses on GPON specifics such as downstream and upstream data transmission using time-division multiple access, the 125us frame format, and how bandwidth allocation maps are used to assign timeslots to different ONTs.
This document discusses the GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology for fiber access networks. Some key points:
- GPON supports high-bandwidth, long-reach (up to 20km), and triple-play services, making it widely adopted by carriers.
- It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber shared between an OLT and multiple ONUs using passive splitters.
- Wavelength division multiplexing is used with downstream at 1490nm and upstream at 1310nm. Time division multiple access manages upstream bandwidth sharing between ONUs.
- Typical deployments include fiber to the home (FTTH),
Webinar DataNet BICSI "Redes ópticas pasivas: un nuevo horizonte al cableado ...LatinPress Congresos
Panelista: Iru Scolari
Enero 28
Evolución del cableado estructurado, las tendencias de las redes de telecomunicaciones y las redes ópticas pasivas en las redes LAN: conceptos GPON conforme la ITU-T, ventajas y aplicaciones.
- FTTH networks use fiber optic cables to directly connect homes and businesses to a central access point, enabling high-speed broadband access. Service providers in Saudi Arabia are heavily investing in FTTH to meet customer demands.
- The paper discusses GPON, the predominant FTTH architecture using a point-to-multipoint topology with passive optical splitters. Distributed splitting is commonly used for flexibility.
- Key components of FTTH infrastructure include the feeder network connecting POPs to distribution points, the distribution network, and last mile access network connecting to customer buildings.
The document discusses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology. It provides an introduction to GPON, describing key components like the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Unit (ONU). It explains the principles of GPON operation, including downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA multiplexing. It also covers topics like fiber optic cables, splitters, transmission power budgets, and GPON cabinet and ONU models. Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) is discussed as the method for controlling upstream bandwidth allocation in GPON networks.
The key points of the document are:
1. Optical distribution network (ODN) design is critical for fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) networks as it distributes fiber from the central office to customer premises.
2. An ODN can be divided into five components - the central office subsystem, feeder cable subsystem, distribution cable subsystem, indoor cable subsystem, and optical fiber terminal subsystem.
3. Deployment strategies for the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) depend on factors like building type and maintenance needs.
4. Splitter deployment strategy, optical power budget, and cable/battery selection are also important considerations in O
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It discusses the basic concepts and working principles of PON networks, comparing GPON to other PON standards like EPON. The document also analyzes key GPON standards and specifications, describes the GPON network model reference, and reviews basic GPON performance parameters and network protection modes.
This document discusses GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides details on GPON network architecture and components like the OLT and ONT. It then analyzes competition between major GPON equipment vendors like Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, ZTE, and Ericsson. Their key GPON products are described and example deployments listed. Finally, the document shows Huawei, ZTE, and Alcatel-Lucent have the largest shares of the global GPON market, together commanding over half of all GPON lines.
Passive infrastructure of FTTH networks: an overviewLuc De Heyn
Presentation of the FTTH Council webinar on September 2014. A general introduction to FTTH passive infrastructure and a view on the latest trends.
Speaker: Raf Meersman, CEO of Comsof
More info on planning & design of FTTH infrastructure: http://www.fiberplanit.com
The document discusses fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network basics and design. It covers drivers for FTTH including increasing bandwidth demands, advantages of fiber such as higher bandwidth capabilities and lower costs per bit compared to copper. The document reviews fiber components like single-mode fiber, connectors, splitters, and closures. It also discusses FTTH network architectures including point-to-point, GPON, and GE-PON designs as well as installation techniques for outside plant fiber cable placement and splicing. The presentation aims to provide an overview of FTTH network fundamentals and considerations for planning FTTH deployments.
This document discusses the GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology for fiber access networks. Some key points:
- GPON supports high-bandwidth, long-reach (up to 20km), and triple-play services, making it widely adopted by carriers.
- It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber shared between an OLT and multiple ONUs using passive splitters.
- Wavelength division multiplexing is used with downstream at 1490nm and upstream at 1310nm. Time division multiple access manages upstream bandwidth sharing between ONUs.
- Typical deployments include fiber to the home (FTTH),
View all Sessions
Kashif Islam, Solutions Architect , Cisco
Jay Romero, Sr. Director, IT Operations , Erickson Living
Come and learn how Erickson Living achieved deployment success using Cisco ME4600 based GPON Solution. Guest Presenter: Jay Romero, Sr.Director - IT Operations. Passive Optical Networks (PON) provides an effective and efficient way of providing fiber based high speed access to residential and business users. With the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, service providers are looking for fiber solutions that are cost-effective and easy to deploy and manage. This session will provide an insight into PON technology, with a focus on Gigabit-Capable PON. Attendees will learn basic design principles and applicable use cases for architecting a GPON Network using the Cisco ME4600 OLT and ONT/ONU. The presentation will outline the requirements to configure and verify an end-to-end service over ME4600 OLT. Redundancy mechanisms, such as Type B protection, in a GPON based environment will also be covered Attendees will walk away from this session with a firm understanding of the GPON technology, a clear view of applicability of GPON vs point-to-point ethernet for varius scenarios and reference designs for an effective, fast and reliable GPON network using Cisco ME4600 series of OLT and ONT products.
GPON provides a cost-effective fiber access network solution for delivering high-speed broadband, voice, and video services to customers. It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber delivering services to multiple premises, reducing deployment costs compared to point-to-point networks. Major benefits of GPON include high bandwidth capacities of up to 2.5 Gbps, lower equipment and fiber deployment costs due to the shared infrastructure model, and the ability to support multiple services and protocols in their native formats. GPON is well-suited for fiber-to-the-home/business deployments and can also provide cost-effective backhaul solutions for mobile networks through its native TDM and all-IP capabilities
TR-156 Monitoring features provides a complete, fast and reliable tool for GPON diagnosis. It describes network architectures and deployment scenarios for Ethernet-based GPON aggregation networks including:
- Fiber To The Home (FTTH), Fiber Into The Home (FITH), and Fiber To The Office (FTTO) deployments.
- Traffic control facilities in ONUs for upstream and downstream traffic including GEM ports, T-CONTs, and priority control.
- Residential N:1 VLAN tagging where traffic is single-tagged with an S-Tag throughout the aggregation network.
- An example residential N:1 VLAN configuration translating between C-VLAN and S-VLAN
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology:
- GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing to enable bidirectional communication over a single fiber, with downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA for multiplexing user signals.
- Key standards include ITU-T G.984 for parameters, G.984.2 for physical layer specs, G.984.3 for transmission convergence layer, and G.984.4 for OMCI management.
- The GPON architecture consists of an OLT, ONUs, a passive optical splitter, and supports transmission speeds up to 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of an ONT portfolio, including:
1. Data only ONTs that provide Ethernet interfaces for internet access.
2. Data and voice ONTs that provide both Ethernet and POTS interfaces to support internet, phone, and TV services to residential users.
3. Wireless ONTs that integrate WiFi access point functionality to provide wireless internet in addition to wired Ethernet and phone interfaces.
4. MDU ONTs designed for multi-dwelling units like apartments, providing VDSL interfaces over existing in-building copper wiring to multiple residential units.
Passive Optical LAN Solution - White PaperSyed Firas
This document summarizes a white paper about passive optical LAN (POL) solutions. It discusses how POL uses fiber optic and passive splitting technology based on Gigabit PON to replace traditional copper-based active Ethernet LANs. POL provides significant benefits like reduced capital and operating expenses, improved energy efficiency, security and reliability. It allows enterprises to meet growing bandwidth needs without needing to change existing services or devices.
This document provides an overview of fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) network architectures including fiber-to-the-premise (FTTP), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and fiber-to-the-node (FTTN). It describes the key components of a passive optical network (PON) including the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network termination (ONT). It also discusses approaches to deploying FTTx networks such as greenfield, overbuild, and using FTTN/FTTC as intermediate steps to eventually enabling FTTP directly to customer premises.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides an overview of GPON standards and network architecture. GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and TDMA to transmit data over a single fiber. The key standards are ITU-T G.984 series, which define aspects like transmission rates, frame structure, and OMCI management. A GPON network provides various access methods like FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC to support broadband services.
Passive Optic Network (PON) provides a point-to-multipoint fiber connection between an optical line terminal at the operator's central office and multiple optical network units near customers. PON uses passive splitters to enable a single fiber to serve multiple premises, reducing network installation costs compared to point-to-point architecture. Major PON technologies include Ethernet PON (EPON), which uses Ethernet packet transmission, and Gigabit PON (GPON), which supports higher speeds of up to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. PON is increasingly seen as an affordable way to deliver high-speed broadband and triple-play services to both urban and rural areas.
The document provides an overview of Passive Optical Networking (PON) and GPON fundamentals. It begins with the objectives of the course and describes the basic components and properties of a PON network, including optical fibers, splitters, transmitters, receivers, and wavelength usage. It then focuses on GPON specifics such as downstream and upstream data transmission using time-division multiple access, the 125us frame format, and how bandwidth allocation maps are used to assign timeslots to different ONTs.
This document discusses the GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology for fiber access networks. Some key points:
- GPON supports high-bandwidth, long-reach (up to 20km), and triple-play services, making it widely adopted by carriers.
- It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber shared between an OLT and multiple ONUs using passive splitters.
- Wavelength division multiplexing is used with downstream at 1490nm and upstream at 1310nm. Time division multiple access manages upstream bandwidth sharing between ONUs.
- Typical deployments include fiber to the home (FTTH),
Webinar DataNet BICSI "Redes ópticas pasivas: un nuevo horizonte al cableado ...LatinPress Congresos
Panelista: Iru Scolari
Enero 28
Evolución del cableado estructurado, las tendencias de las redes de telecomunicaciones y las redes ópticas pasivas en las redes LAN: conceptos GPON conforme la ITU-T, ventajas y aplicaciones.
- FTTH networks use fiber optic cables to directly connect homes and businesses to a central access point, enabling high-speed broadband access. Service providers in Saudi Arabia are heavily investing in FTTH to meet customer demands.
- The paper discusses GPON, the predominant FTTH architecture using a point-to-multipoint topology with passive optical splitters. Distributed splitting is commonly used for flexibility.
- Key components of FTTH infrastructure include the feeder network connecting POPs to distribution points, the distribution network, and last mile access network connecting to customer buildings.
The document discusses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology. It provides an introduction to GPON, describing key components like the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Unit (ONU). It explains the principles of GPON operation, including downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA multiplexing. It also covers topics like fiber optic cables, splitters, transmission power budgets, and GPON cabinet and ONU models. Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) is discussed as the method for controlling upstream bandwidth allocation in GPON networks.
The key points of the document are:
1. Optical distribution network (ODN) design is critical for fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) networks as it distributes fiber from the central office to customer premises.
2. An ODN can be divided into five components - the central office subsystem, feeder cable subsystem, distribution cable subsystem, indoor cable subsystem, and optical fiber terminal subsystem.
3. Deployment strategies for the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) depend on factors like building type and maintenance needs.
4. Splitter deployment strategy, optical power budget, and cable/battery selection are also important considerations in O
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks) technology. It describes the basic concepts and architecture of PON networks, including how they use passive splitters and wavelength division multiplexing. GPON is introduced as the choice for carriers due to its ability to support high-bandwidth, long-reach transmission over fiber for triple-play services. The document then covers GPON principles such as downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA transmission, as well as standards, performance parameters, and network protection modes.
1. The document provides guidelines for the end-to-end process of partnering with new businesses to promote Excitel Fiber, including identifying prospective partners, scoping the business and project, and signing partners up by completing the provisioning process.
2. It describes the scope of work which includes market planning, network planning and rollout, sales support, service delivery, and operation and management in partnership between Excitel and businesses.
3. The architecture provides guidelines for a sustainable and scalable fiber network using GPON and EPON technologies with components like OLTs, ONUs, and splitters to deliver fiber connectivity to customers.
PLC Splitter is a kind of waveguide optical power distribution device integration based on a quartz substrate plate , like coaxial cable transmission system, network system also needs to be light signal coupling, branches, distribution and the optical divider is needed for implementation.
This document provides an overview and analysis of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) standards and technologies. It describes the basic concepts of PON networks including network architecture, upstream and downstream data transmission principles, and frame structures. It also analyzes key GPON standards from standards bodies like ITU-T and compares GPON to EPON. The document aims to give the reader an understanding of GPON networks, standards, and technologies.
This document provides an overview of fiber to the x (FTTX) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It begins with an introduction to FTTX and PON technologies. It then discusses the different PON architectures including point-to-multipoint PON using optical splitters, active optical networks with dedicated fibers, and hybrid networks. The document also covers considerations for PON including bandwidth, distance, security, quality of service, and future developments in PON technologies.
The document discusses various fiber optic cable and connectivity products including:
- Simplex and duplex fiber optic assembly cables
- Outdoor drop cables and indoor drop cables
- Fiber optic patch cords, pigtails, connectors, adapters and accessories
- Field assembly optical connectors and AFL fast connectors
- Fixed connector attenuators, splice connects, and PLC splitters
This document provides guidelines for fiber to the home (FTTH) network design and deployment, including civil work, cable distribution, and numbering. It discusses fiber feeder and distribution design, terminal sizing, splitter types and outputs. Guidelines are given for manhole and conduit sizes, duct structure, and cable routing. The network topology options of centralized vs. cascaded distribution are also covered. The guidelines were developed based on the experience deploying an FTTH network in Saudi Arabia.
Optical fiber networks operate on different passive optical network (PON) standards. A PON is a network system specific to fiber technology that delivers broadband network access to homes or businesses. One of many PON standards is GPON.
The document discusses passive optical LAN (POLAN) technology. It provides an overview of POLAN components and fundamentals, including how it uses single mode fiber and splitters to provide connectivity to end users. POLAN offers benefits over traditional copper networks like lower costs, reduced power consumption, and space savings. The document also covers sample POLAN layouts, supported network protocols, bandwidth and quality of service capabilities, and typical enterprise bandwidth needs.
This document provides an overview of Passive Optical Networks (PONs). It describes the key components of a PON including the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), optical splitters and combiners, and Optical Network Units (ONUs). The OLT broadcasts data downstream to multiple ONUs via passive splitters. ONUs send data upstream to the OLT. PONs allow sharing of fiber infrastructure between users in a cost-effective way. The document compares ATM PON and Ethernet PON standards and discusses advantages like high bandwidth and applications including fiber to the home/building.
Passive Optical Network (PON) By Muscab and AbdirizakMúşčâp Hãkíìm
This document provides an overview of Passive Optical Networks (PONs). It describes the key components of a PON including the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), optical splitters and combiners, and Optical Network Units (ONUs). The OLT broadcasts downstream data to multiple ONUs using passive splitters. ONUs send upstream data back to the OLT. PONs allow sharing of fiber infrastructure between users in a cost-effective way. The document compares ATM PON and Ethernet PON standards and discusses advantages like high bandwidth and applications including fiber to the home/building.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ftth overview training naresh singh dhamiSujit Jha
This document provides an overview of fiber to the home (FTTH) networks. It discusses the basics of passive optical networks (PON), including that they use passive components like splitters and deliver broadband through technologies like GPON. The typical FTTH setup is described as a point-to-multipoint network with an optical line terminal connecting to an optical network unit/terminal at the customer premises over wavelengths of 1310nm and 1490nm upstream, 1490nm downstream. Advantages include high speeds, reduced equipment costs, and support for triple play services, while disadvantages include installation complexity and high deployment expenses compared to wireless.
The recommended approach is to use a combination of OLTS and OTDR/iOLM for loss measurement and fiber certification in POL deployments. OLTS provides quick end-to-end loss measurement to verify link loss is within budget, while OTDR/iOLM can further identify the exact source of any excess loss.
The most common passive optical network (PON) standards in current use are Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and gigabit passive optical network (GPON). GPON is the most widely deployed optical system in today's fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks. Why choose GPON?
Fibre optics is an important technology for audio visual and IT convergence. It allows transmission of large amounts of data, video and audio over long distances using thin strands of glass or plastic. Fibre uses total internal reflection to transmit light signals encoding digital data through the core. As bandwidth needs increase with high definition formats and IP, fibre optic infrastructure is expanding with developments in multiplexing and higher speed networks.
Design and Fiber Installation for University Campus Systemijtsrd
The health of a network depends on the quality of proper installation of the network infrastructure. The main aim of this research is to understand the basic aspects of a modern telecommunication network structure. Signal degradation dominants the performance of the fiber installation. By using MATLAB software, simulation results for signal degradation such as attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects are discussed. OTRD Optical Time Domain Reflectometer is a valuable tool for field engineers and service providers to monitor and detect the faults between access network and CO Central Office in real world analysis. In this paper, an overview related to the operation and function of a PON Passive Optical Network and required components to implement the fiber communication system are also described. Naing Naing Kyaw "Design and Fiber Installation for University Campus System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26812.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26812/design-and-fiber-installation-for-university-campus-system/naing-naing-kyaw
Neonetwireless Nig Ltd is an indigenous IT/Telecoms/Power Engineering outfit that provides and delivers quality jobs/ projects on ICT/Telecoms/Power related issues in the area of Fiber-Optics Planning/Design/Implementation, Microwave radio Transmission links(Installation & Commissioning),DWDM/OSN,FTTH,GPON/PON, Cisco Networking(Cisco IP Phones/Surveillance Cameras/Routers/Switches),Hybrid Power Systems,Inverters/Solar Power Systems installation and designs, and ICT/Telecoms training. Our years of Experience Span over 7yrs in providing ICT Solutions to Multi-Nationals, Financial Institutions, Mega Business outfits, Government entities, Schools of Higher learning, Sports complex Stadiums,Airports, Hospitality / Entertainment Centers, Shopping Malls, Organized Sports and leisure facilities, Mass Transport facilities like Train Stations, Hospital, Court Rooms, Server Rooms, Automated systems and Military bases
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Course description CFOS/O Certified Fiber Optics Specialist in Outside PlantNeonetwireless
CERTIFIED FIBER OPTICS SPECIALIST FOR OUTSIDE
PLANT
COURSE DESCRIPTION (CFOS/O)
OBJECTIVES:
This course provides participants with the knowledge and practical skills needed to successfully
design, install, splice Outside Plant Links and troubleshoot using appropriate equipment including
OTDR,POWER METERS,LIGHT SOURCE,VFL,VFT,MEASURING-WHEELS,AIR-BLOWING MACHINE,OTDR
TRACE ANALYSIS,PMD AND CD TESTERS,OPTICAL BER TESTERS etc
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Engineers, Technologist, Technicians engaged in the Implementation/maintenance of fiber
Optics links or anybody preparing for CFOS/O (Certified Fiber Optics Specialist For Outside Plant)
Certification.
PREREQUISITES:
Engineering/Technical qualifications
DURATION: 4 WEEKS
MODULE 1:
Introduction
What is “Fiber Optics”?
Which Fiber Optics?
Fiber, Copper or Wireless?
Standards Facilitate Fiber Applications
Two Important Issues When Working With Fiber
Review Questions
MODULE 2:
Fiber Optic Jargon
What Is Fiber Optics?
The Metric System
Fiber
Fiber Optic Cable
Outside Plant Installations
Termination and Splicing
Fiber Performance Specifications
Tools
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Review Questions
MODULE 3:
Fiber Optic Communications
Why use fiber?
Fiber Optic Communication Networks
Designing Fiber Optic Networks
MODULE 4:
Fiber Optic Transmission Systems And Components
Fiber Optic Data Links
Sources for Fiber Optic Transmitters
Detectors for Fiber Optic Receivers
Specialty Fiber Optic Transmission Components
Data Link Performance And Link Power Budget
Review Questions
MODULE 5:
Optical Fiber
What is Optical Fiber?
Fiber Types
Fiber Specifications
Polarization Mode Dispersion
Review Questions
MODULE 6:
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Optic Cable Design
Fiber Optic Cable Types
Choosing a Cable Design
Choosing Cables
Review Questions
MODULE 7:
Splices and Connectors
Splices or Connectors?
Performance Specifications
Splicing Optical Fibers
Connectors
Termination Procedures
MODULE 8:
Fiber Optic Testing
Fiber Optic Tests
Visual Inspection
Optical Power
Optical Loss or Insertion Loss
OTDR testing
Testing Long Haul, High Speed Fiber Optic Networks: Chromatic Dispersion,
Polarization
Mode Dispersion and Spectral Attenuation
Other Testing
Review Questions
MODULE 9:
Fiber Optic Network Design
What Is Fiber Optic Network Design?
Choosing Transmission Equipment
Planning The Route
Choosing Components
Cable Plant Link Loss Budget Analysis
Project Documentation
Planning for the Installation
Planning for Restoration
Managing A Fiber Optic Project
Review Questions
MODULE 10:
Fiber Optic Network Installation
Preparing For Installation
Installation Checklist
Preparing For Outside Plant Installations
Preparing For Premises Fiber Optic Installations
Equipping Installation Personnel
Training and Safety
Installing Fiber Optic Cable
Termination and Splicing
Testing the Installed Fiber Optic Cable Plant
Administration, Management, and Documentation
This document provides operating documentation for FlexiHybrid Release 3.1. It contains information intended solely for Nokia Siemens Networks customers and may not be reproduced, distributed, or used without permission. The documentation is intended to instruct properly trained professionals and Nokia Siemens Networks assumes no liability for improper use. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, the customer assumes responsibility for the use of this documentation.
pure practical Telecoms/ICT training in NigeriaNeonetwireless
Neonetwireless Nig Ltd is an indigenous Nigerian IT and telecom company that provides fiber optic, microwave radio transmission, and networking services and training. It has over 7 years of experience working with multi-national companies, governments, schools, and other organizations. The company's board includes the Managing Director Emmanuel Onuzurike who has over 16 years of experience in telecom engineering. Services include fiber optic and microwave radio network planning, installation, and maintenance as well as Cisco networking, FTTH, and telecom training courses.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
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Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
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Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
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leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
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Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
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6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
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3. HOW TO DESIGN A SIMPLE FTTH
SPLITTING LEVEL RATIO
In Passive Optical Network (PON), optical splitters play an
important role in Fiber to the Home (FTTH) networks by allowing a
single PON interface to be shared among many subscribers.
Optical Splitters are installed in each optical network between the
PON Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and the Optical Network
Terminals (ONTs) that the OLT serves. During the deployment of
fiber to the home passive optical network, usually, we will face
some physical access network design problems. This article may
help you solve FTTH splitting lever and ratio design problems
5. CHOOSE PLC SPLITTER OR FBT
SPLITTER
Before we start to discuss the splitting lever and ration design, it’s
necessary to choose the right optical splitter type for your FTTH
network. There are two types of splitters in our current FTTH
application—PLC splitter and FBT splitter. Here we have a
comparison between these two splitter types:
Parameters PLC Splitter FBT Splitter
Wavelength Range 1260-1650 nm Single/dual/triple window
Splitting Ratio Equal division Equal or non-equal division
Dimensions Small Large size for multi-channel
Wavelength Sensitivity Low High
Cost
Low splitting channel, high
price
Price is lower for small
channel splliter
6. CHOOSE PLC SPLITTER OR FBT
SPLITTER
As we can see in the table above, with the rapid growth of FTTH
worldwide, the requirement for larger split configurations (1×32,
1×64, etc) in these networks has also grown in order to serve
mass subscribers, since PLC splitters offer very accurate and even
splits with minimal loss in an efficient package, they are offer a
better solution for today’s FTTH applications than FBT splitters.
7. FTTH SPLITTING LEVEL DESIGN
The PON is the optical fiber infrastructure of an FTTH
network. The first crucial architectural decision for the PON
network is that of optical splitter placement. The PON
splitting may be achieved by centralized splitting (one-level)
or by cascaded splittings (two-level or more). A centralized
approach typically uses a 1×32 splitter located in a fiber
distribution hub (FDH). The splitter is directly connected via
a single fiber to a OLT in the central office. On the other side
of the splitter, 32 fibers are routed to 32 customers’ homes,
where it is connected to an ONT. Thus, the PON network
connects one OLT port to 32 ONTs.
10. CASCADED VS CENTRALIZED
A cascaded approach may use a 1×4 splitter residing in an
outside plant enclosure. This is directly connected to an OLT
port in the central office. Each of the four fibers leaving this
lever 1 splitter is routed to an access terminal that houses a 1×8
level 2 splitter. In this scenario, there would be a also total of 32
fibers (4×8) reaching 32 homes. It is possible to have more than
two splitting levels in a cascaded system, and the overall split
ratio may vary (1×16 = 4×4, 1×32 = 4×8, 1×64 = 4x4x4). A
centralized architecture typically offers greater flexibility, lower
operational costs and easier access for technicians. A cascaded
approach may yield a faster return-on-investment with lower
first-in and fiber costs. Usually, the centralized splitting solution
is used in crowded city center or town areas, in order to reduce
cost and easy to maintain the optical distributed network (ODN)
nodes. In the other hand, two-level and multi-level cascaded
splitting solution is used in curb or village places, to cover widely
ODN nodes, conserve resources and save the money.
11. FTTH NETWORK SPLITTING RATIO DESIGN
The most common splitters deployed in a PON system is a
uniform power splitter with a 1:N or 2:N splitting ratio
(N=2~64), where N is the number of output ports. The optical
input power is distributed uniformly across all output ports.
Different ratio splitters may perform differently in your
network. Then, how to design your splitting ratio? According to
the passage mentioned above, if you choose the centralized
splitting solution, you may need to use 1×32 or 1×64 splitter.
However, if you choose the cascaded splitting solution, 1×4 and
1×8 splitter may be used more often. Besides, based on our
EPON/GPON project experience, when the splitting ratio is
1:32, your current network can receive qualified fiber optic
signal in 20 km. If your distance between OLT and ONU is small,
like in 5 km, you can also consider about 1:64.
13. FTTH NETWORK SPLITTING RATIO
DESIGN
When to design your FTTH network splitting level, in fact,
centralized splitting and cascaded splitting both has its advantages
and disadvantages. We had to weight these factors and select an
appropriate splitting level for our network. As for splitting ratio
design, to ensure a reliable signal transmission, the longer the
transmission distance, the lower splitting ratio should be used.
There are series of 1xN or 2xN PLC splitters which can divide a
single/dual optical input(s) into multiple optical outputs uniformly,
and offer superior optical performance, high stability and high
reliability to meet various application requirements.
14. Power attenuation calculation of Optical
splitter
Input attenuation of optical splitter(<1dB):
OPTICAL POWER ATTENUATION
Input Output1:2 optical
splitter
2:N optical
splitter
∵ 10 log(0.5) = - 3.01
∴
Attenuation of 1:2 splitter: 3.01 dB
Attenuation of 1:16 splitter: 12.04 dB
Attenuation of 1:64 splitter :18.06 dB
Input
Output
15. FIBER ATTENUATION & POWER
BUDGET
Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre length
The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
generally less than 0.2dB
Other factors may cause attenuation, such
as fibre bending
About 0.35 dB per km
for 1310,1490nm
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B+ Class C
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently
more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at
each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.
Huawei’s OLT and ONU
28 dB (Class B+)
16. Items Unit Single fibre
OLT: OLT
•Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
•Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
•Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
•Minimum overload dBm -8
•Downstream optical penalty dB 0.5
ONU: ONU
•Mean launched power MIN dBm 0.5
•Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
•Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
•Minimum overload dBm -8
•Upstream optical penalty dB 0.5
PARAMETERS OF GPON INTERFACES (CLASS B+)
17. GPON LINK BUDGET (CLASS B+)EXAMPLE
+5.
0
P
(dBm)
+1.
5
+5.
0
P
(dBm)
+0.
5
-
8.0
P
(dBm)
-
27.0
-
8.0
P
(dBm)
-
28.0
1490
nm
1310
nm
path penalty: 0.5
dB
path penalty: 0.5
dB
Downstream
budget:
+1.5 – (-27) – (0.5) = 28
dB
Upstream
budget:
+0.5 – (-28) – (0.5) = 28
dB
Tx
level
Tx
level
Rx
level
Rx
level
0.30
dB/km
0.42
dB/km
18. 18
EXAMPLE:
• budget: 28 dB
• 16 way splitter loss: 13.8 dB (theoretical. 12dB)
• connector+splicing loss: 3 dB (24*0.1 dB + 2*0.3 dB)
• aging: 1 dB
• attenuation:
o 0.30 dB/km – downstream
o 0.42 dB/km – upstream
Distance:
• (28 – 13.8 – 3 – 1) / 0.42 = 10.2 / 0.42 = 24.28 km
Interpretation:
• for a 1:16 split, the max distance of an ONT is 24
km
21. ic
MAXIMUM RANGE FOR
SPLITTERS - CONFIGURATION
1:6
4
1:
8
1:1
6
Er
1:3
2
30 km
38 km
21 km
14 km
1:
2
1:
4
splitting be
st
cas
e
wor
st
cas
e
1 : 64 14 km 10 km
1 : 32 21 km 15 km
1 : 16 30 km 23 km
1 : 8 38 km 30 km
ITU-T G.984
Standar
d B+
Laser
22. Total Link Loss Budget
Based on the type of the deployed PON network, check each
component in an ODN before a test. The total link loss budget in an
ODN covers the following aspects:
(1)Insertion loss of the optical splitter
(2)Loss from fuse splicing and mechanical splicing
(3)Insertion loss of the connector and adapter
(4)Loss from optical transmission
(5)Extra link loss (generally about 3 dB)
If the CATV service is also provisioned, include the following aspects in
the total link lossbudget:
(6)WDM loss (loss of each WDM coupler: 0.7 dB to 1.0 dB)
(7)When the 1550 nm wavelength is used for CATV transmission, the
link power budget also needs to cover the following aspects:
attenuation of 1550 nm wavelength (about 0.2 dB/km) and minimum
optical power of the CATV receiver (-8 dBm).
23. ATTENUATION BUDGET FOR THE
ODN LINK
Item Unit Single-Mode Optical Fiber
GPON Class B+ EPON PX10 EPON PX20
Optical power
Optical link loss (max.) dB 28 21 26
Optical link loss (min.) dB 13 5 10
GPON optical transceiver: Class B+, 1:64/20km.
EPON optical transceiver: PX10/PX20, 1:32/10 km or 1:16/20 km.
The ODN link is recommended to have a certain attenuation redundancy when an
ODN is planned.
24. Example 2 of Calculating the Total Link Loss Budget
Item Type Average loss(dB)
Connection
point
Quickconnector <0.5
Mechanical
splicing
≤0.2
Fusesplicing ≤0.1
Adapter ≤0.3
Optical
splitter
1:64(PLC) ≤20.5
1:32(PLC) ≤17
1:16(PLC) ≤13.8
1:8(PLC) ≤10.6
1:4(PLC) ≤7.5
1:2(FBT) ≤3.8
Opticalfiber
(G.652D)
1310 nm (1 km) ≤0.35
1550 nm (1km) ≤0.21
Opticalfiber
(G.657A)
1310nm (1 km) ≤0.38
1550 nm (1 km) ≤0.25
Attenuation Calculation
(ODN Equipment Except Optical Cable)
FDT Indoor SplitterLegend:
OLT
1:2 Splitter
& ODF
ODF &
Splicing OCCB
FDT &
1:32 Splitter FAT TB ATB ONT
OLT
1:2 Splitter
& ODF
ODF &
Splicing OCCB FDT FAT TB ATB ONT
1:32 Indoor
Splitter
0.3+0.1 0.1 0.1+0.3+17+
0.3+0.1
0.1 0.1 0.5+0.3 0.30.3 0.3+3.8+0.3
Total Loss = 24.3db
0.3+0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1+0.3+17
+0.3+0.1
0.3 0.3+3.8+0.3
Total Loss = 24.4db
0.1 0.5+0.3 0.3
OLT
Connector
ODF OCCB
Fusesplicing
FAT TB
Mechanicalsplicing
25. Total Link Loss Budget
Dynamic range of the OLT optical receiver
MA5680T
HG850e
1:2 optical
splitter
1:16 optical
splitter
HG850e
The strength of the optical signal received
on this ONT is budgeted to be -7 dB.
The strength of the optical
signal received on this ONT
is budgeted to be -23 dB.
?Can services be provisioned
concurrently on these two
ONTs if their receive optical
powers are within the budget?
1.As specified in the protocol, the dynamic range of the OLT optical
receiver is within 15 dB. That is, the difference between the maximum
optical attenuation and the minimum optical attenuation must be within 15
dB. If a range exceeds the dynamic range of the OLT optical receiver, the
bit error rate (BER) increases, or even certain ONUs go offline.
2.The preceding problems will not occur if you plan an ODN in strict
compliance with the protocol.
26. (Optional) Step 2: Test of the Transmit Optical Power
of a PON Port
Purpose: to test the transmit optical power of an OLT PON port to ensure that the
transmit optical power is within the normal range
Item Unit Single-Mode OpticalFiber
GPON ClassB+ EPON PX10 EPON PX20
OLT
Average transmit optical power (min.) dBm 1.5 -3 2
Average transmit optical power (max.) dBm 5 2 7
Receiver sensitivity dBm -28 -24 -27
Overload optical power dBm -8 -1 -6
1:32 optical
splitter
MA5680T
HG850e
The PON
ports that
pass the
acceptance
test need not
be tested
again!
27. (Optional) Step 2: Test of the Transmit Optical
Power of a PON Port (Continued)
• Required tool: optical power meter
• Precautions:
1. Prepare a suitable patch cord because the connector type of the PON port is
SC/PC,
• but the connector type of the optical power meter is usually FC/PC(round).
2. Do use the single-mode patch cord rather than the multi-mode patch cord in a
PON network. (The single-mode patch cord is yellow and the multi-mode
patch cord is orange.)
3.After the test, use the anhydrous alcohol or the professional cleaner to clean
the
• connectors of the patch cord.
28. Step 3: Link Test at the Feeder Optical Cable Section(1)
Purpose: to test the linkstatus from the PON port on the OLT to the IN port of the
optical splitter (using the OTDR)
1:32 optical
splitter
MA5680T HG850e
29. Step 3: Link Test at the Feeder Optical Cable Section(1)
Required tool: OTDR
Precautions:
1.Most of OTDRs available to the field engineers cannot penetrate the
optical splitter; therefore, when you perform a test in the downstream
direction from the OLT, the distance displayed on the OTDR is the distance
between the OLT and the optical splitter.
2.When using the OTDR to perform a test, ensure that the optical fiber is in
the “black” state (that is, no light source exists in the optical fiber link).
Otherwise, the test results are not convincing. In addition, when performing
a test in the upstream direction from the optical splitter, remove the optical
fiber connected to the PON port on the OLT, record the test results, and
ensure that there is no rogue ONT or no ONT that is in the always active
state.
3.Try to perform bidirectional tests.
4.(Mandatory) After the test, use the anhydrous alcohol or the professional
cleanerto clean the connectors of the patchcord.
30. Step 3: Link Test at the Feeder Optical Cable Section(2)
Purpose: to test the link status from the PON port on the OLT to the IN port on the
optical splitter (using the optical power meter instead of the OTDR)
1:32 optical splitterMA5680T HG850e
Light
source
Optical
power
meter
Optical
power
meter
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