- The document discusses advanced communication networks for electric power applications, focusing on protocols like DNP3 and IEC 61850. It provides an overview of these protocols, their usage in different countries, and how IEC 61850 is emerging as an object-oriented, Ethernet-based standard. - Case studies are presented that demonstrate applications of Loop Telecom's solutions for various power utility communication networks around the world, including microwave, optical fiber, and wireless technologies. - Key components discussed include modems, multiplexers, routers, switches, and other devices that support protocols like DNP3, IEC 60870-5, and IEC 61850 over a variety of connection types.

1. Advanced Network Solutions for Electric Power Applications George Wang Presentation for IEEE Student Branch

2. Introduction and Background Electric power is essential to our life and the economy Power systems are getting more and more sophisticated and smarter Teleprotection plays a key role Telecommunication and network technology have changed our life Communication network is more and more important for electric power Next big wave

3. Generation Distribution Transmission Grid: 110 kV up Distribution Grid: 50 kV down Transmission

4. Generation Distribution Transmission Basin Electric Tri-State Electric Rushmore Electric Central Iowa Power Brazos Electric Chugach Electric CenterPoint Energy Knoxville Utilities

5. INDE (Guatemala) INDE (Institute of National Electrification): the largest electric generation and transmission company owned by Guatemala government. To build an advanced communication network A big substation

6. Communication in Substations Need channel banks for voice (phones) and data Need mux to connect to a radio Dry contact for house keeping alarms Data Bridge for the subrate data Some customers still interested in OCU-DP card LV/LV+ used as configuration tools Ethernet for service computer access RS232 for RTU -125VDC power One box does all Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

7. ANSI Standard Device Numbers (IEEE Standard C37.2) 1 - Master Element 2 - Time Delay Starting or Closing Relay 3 - Checking or Interlocking Relay 4 - Master Contactor 5 - Stopping Device 6 - Starting Circuit Breaker 7 - Rate of Change Relay 8 - Control Power Disconnecting Device 9 - Reversing Device 10 - Unit Sequence Switch 11 - Multifunction device. 12 - Overspeed Device 13 - Synchronous-speed Device 14 - Underspeed Device 15 - Speed - or Frequency, Matching Device 16 - Data Communications Device 17 - Shunting or Discharge Switch 18 - Accelerating or Decelerating Device 19 - Starting to Running Transition Contactor 20 - Electrically Operated Valve 21 - Impedance (21G implies ground impedance) 24 - Volts/Hz Device numbers are used to identify the functions of devices shown on a schematic diagram. Function descriptions are given in the standard. These types of devices protect electrical systems and components from damage when an unwanted event occurs, such as an electrical fault. 27 - Under Voltage (27LL = line to line, 27LN = line to neutral/ground) 40 - Loss of Excitation (generator) 47 - Negative sequence voltage 50 - Instantaneous overcurrent (N for neutral, G for ground current) 51 - Inverse Time overcurrent (N for neutral, G from ground current) 59 - Over Voltage (59LL = line to line, 59LN = line to neutral/ground) 62 - Timer 64 - Ground Fault (64F = Field Ground, 64G = Generator Ground) 79 - Auto-reclosure 81 - Under/Over Frequency 86 - Lockout Relay / Trip Circuit Supervision 87 - Current Differential (87L=transmission line diff; 87T=transformer diff; 87G=generator diff) 91 - Voltage Directional Relay 92 - Voltage and Power Directional Relay 93 - Field Changing Contactor 94 - Tripping or Trip-Free Relay

8. Suffixes and Prefixes “ N” suffix: Neutral wire. 59N in a relay is used for protection against Neutral Displacement "G" suffix: "ground", hence a "51G" is a time overcurrent ground relay “ S” for Serial “ E” for Ethernet. “ C” for Security Processing Function {i.e. VPN, Encryption} “ F” for Firewall or message Filter “ M” for Network Managed Function “ R” for Router “ S” for Switch “ T” for Telephone Component. Thus “16ESM” is a managed Ethernet. A suffix letter or number may be used with the device number

9. Power Quality and Protective Relays Power quality can be defined by four fundamental parameters: Frequency, Amplitude, Shape, and Symmetry Power quality is affected by a wide range of disturbances throughout the transmission and distribution network. It is necessary to implement various measures in order to minimize the negative effects on customers. Depending on which of the power quality parameters is distorted the influence on the performance of digital protection relays will be different.

10. Protection Relaying over All Communication Media (ABB)

11. Telecom Networks: PDH, SDH, and Ethernet STM-16 (OC-48) Ring O9340S E3/T3/E1/T1 Gb Ethernet STM-1/4 (OC-3/12) STM-4/1 (OC-12/3) Ring Loop-iNMS O9500 E3/T3/E1/T1 Gb Ethernet Bonded G.SHDSL.bis O9400S E3/T3 H3308S Ethernet Backbone GbE O9400R TDMoE {H3304R / H3308R / O9340R} Ethernet AM3440 O9400R O9400R O9400R O9400R O9500 V4100 GbE/Ethernet/E1 C5600 Proprietary GbE GbE E1/T1 2G BTS 3G/3.5G Node B E1/T1/DTE GbE/Ethernet/G.SHDSL FOM/E&M/FXS/FXO C37.94/DryContact E1/T1 E3/T3 E1/T1 G.SHDSL E1/T1/DTE Ethernet G.SHDSL FOM/E&M FXS/FXO W8140 (or Radio) W8140 (or Radio) WiFi or  wave Ethernet FOM SPRing AM3440 AM3440 E1/T1/DTE/G.SHDSL FOM/E&M/FXS/FXO C37.94/DryContact Ethernet IP6700 E1/T1/E3/T3 Ethernet E1 E1 SPRing / E1 DS0 SNCP AM3440 E1 E1 E1 AM3440 E1 STM-1 (OC-3) Ethernet RSTP / LEAPS Ring FOM IP6810 RS232/RS485/Ethernet/DryContact IP6810 RTU IP Camera

12. Electric Power Industry Application: Data and Voice Communications RTU Host   Security Server SONET/SDH Network PBX Management Center  FXS RTU RS232 10/100Base-T Security Terminal V.35 T1/E1  RTU RS232 10/100Base-T Security Terminal V.35 T1/E1 Remote Sub-station B AM3440 V4200-9 PSTN Data-Base Server Remote Sub-station A T1/E1 FXO V.35 RS232 10/100 Base-T LoopView FXS AM3440 SCADA Controller E&M Modem E&M Intelligent Transmission & Distribution

13. DCS-MUX Product Example Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

14. Interface Cards Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

15. Loop O9400R (SDH/SONET) O9400R STM-1/4/16 (OC-3/12/48) ADM

16. Dry Contact: Network Application

17. Telecom Room

19. DS0 SNCP Protection

20. T1 Radio: 1 for 1 protection T1 Radio T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 AM3440: T1 1 for 1 protection AM3440: T1 1 for 1 protection Note: “ Network” and “Leased line” shall support Alarm forwarding. The switching time of T1 1 for 1 protection at AM3440: < 50ms Network Leased line Provider

21. Network Management System (NMS) Loop-iNMS: iNMS core Device Poller iNMS GUI Clients Capability: Full FCAPS System Redundant System Protection

22. Disaster Recovery (DR) DR (Disaster Recovery)

23. Alarm Monitoring View Alarm View on Network Topology Active Alarm List FCAPS - Fault Management

24. View – NE Panel View Basic Feature - View

25. Power Application-1 (Swiss Project) Case Study

26. Power Application-1 (Swiss Project) Case Study

27. Power Application-2 (Central America Project) Case Study

28. Power Application-3 (UK Project) Case Study

29. Microwave Connection with Optical Ring Protection MMU2E NPU3 MMU2E LTU155 LTU155 LTU155 QT1 LTU155 OC-3/12 Ring LTU155 QT1 FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35…. FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35…. SONET MUX O9500R SONET MUX O9500R SONET MUX O9500R SONET MUX O9500R FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35….

30. Power Application- 4 (US Project) Case Study 960 MHz Site A 960 MHz Site B 960 MHz Site C AM3440A Chassis 2 x T1 2 x FXS 1 x 4w E&M 1 x DS0 for Dry Contact AM3440A Chassis 3 x T1 (one for expansion) 1 x FXS 1 x DS0 for Dry Contact AM3440A Chassis 2 x T1 3 x FXS 1 x 4w E&M 2 x DS0 for Dry Contact To External Alarm Device

31. Central Control Room Optical Fast Ethernet Ring WAN 2 IP phone LAN1 LAN2 IP cam WAN 1 IP6810 WAN 2 WAN 1 LAN1 LAN2 IP phone IP6810 RTU WAN 2 WAN 1 IP phone W8110 Wireless IP cam Wireless IP cam LAN1 IP6810 IP6810 WAN 2 WAN 1 LAN1 NAS (Network Attached Storage) NDR (Network Disk Recorder) IP6810 Self-Healing Ring Network Termination Unit Ethernet Device Application Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613 LAN

32. Union Fenosa

33. Communication Protocols: fight for standards A set of communications protocols used by SCADA Master Stations, substation computers, RTUs, and IEDs

34. Protocol Evolution Modbus 1979 IEC 61850 2003 IEC 60870-5 1990-1995 DNP3 1993

35. More on DNP3 Mostly specified at layer 2: multiplexing, data fragmentation, error checking, link control, prioritization, and layer 2 addressing services for user data. Created to allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid Developed by GE-Harris Canada in 1993, and based on the earlier part of IEC 60870-5 protocol to cater North American requirements. Related protocols Modbus (Older protocol) DNP makes it more robust, efficient, and self compatible. IEC 60870-5 Similar protocols. DNP and IEC 60870-5 have been specified in IEEE P1379 IEC 61850 A rising star with new technologies

36. DNP3 vs. IEC 60870-5 Both are used world-wide, but selection is often based on location DNP => Dominant in North America & industrialized Southern Hemisphere countries IEC 60870-5 => Dominant in Europe & Middle East In most of Asia and South America both are used almost equally. DNP has gained wide acceptance in non-electric power applications, where IEC is little used. DNP and IEC 60870-5 are Not Compliant to each other. They are slightly different in Physical, Data Link, and Application Layers. DNP adds also a Transport Layer. To perform some functions, IEC 60870-5 sends many small messages where DNP will send a smaller number of larger messages The larger number of low-level configuration options in IEC 60870-5 tends to require greater knowledge on the part of a system integrator to successfully commission devices

37. DNP3 vs. IEC 61850 Over the past decade, in the struggle for standardization, DNP3 has been successful and becomes the de facto standard However, DNP3 used “old technology” originally such as serial protocol Shift to Ethernet was obtained by packetizing the serial protocol in an Ethernet fashion. It certainly serves the purpose, but is not a true solution to a robust Ethernet protocol An object-oriented protocol for DNP3 or Modbus was unachievable IEC 61850 is called a “Rising Star”, a true, high-speed, robust, interoperable protocol “ As information technology becomes more advanced, standards-based, networked technologies via Ethernet are becoming the preferred solution. Object-oriented , self-describing languages will help make substation integration less cumbersome, and that’s the goal of IEC 61850.” The use of IEC 61850 in North America is difficult because of the strength of DNP3 in this market In order to sell into North America Market, we need DNP3 compliance

38. Who supports DNP3? GE Energy Cooper Industries (Electrical) Schweitzer Engineering Lab GarrettCom ABB Areva T&D Schneider Electric Siemens Energy Inc. Motorola Communications ISRAEL

39. Country Coverage Installation in 70 countries E. Europe Czech Bosnia Croatia Macedonia Slovakia Slovenia Yugoslavia Asia S. Korea China Taiwan H.K. India Pakistan Thailand Singapore Indonesia Philippines Kazakhstan Macao Brunei Malaysia Vietnam Turkey Burma/Myanmar Bangladesh Sri Lanka Middle East Lebanon UAE Bahrain Israel Syria South America Columbia Brazil Ecuador Peru Argentina Uruguay USA China Africa Egypt Tunisia Libya Ghana S. Africa Benin Russia Poland Romania Ukraine Lithuania Bulgaria C. America El Salvador Mexico W. Europe Norway UK France Belgium Spain Netherlands Sweden Portugal Luxembourg Italy Greece Germany Switzerland Oceania New Zealand Australia N. America USA 49/68  54/70

40. Thanks! George Wang Director – America Market Phone: +1.630.877.0031 (USA) [email_address] www.looptelecom.com