Nucleus” is a Latin word meaning Kernel
It is the “CONTROL CENTER” of the cell
Average diameter of nucleus is 6um, which occupies around 10% of cell volume
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores and complex
Nuclear lamina
Chromosomes & Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
This power point presentation consists of 64 slides including information about plant and other type of cell wall. Chemical composition, structure, function and properties of cell wall have been explained. Ultra structure of plant cell wall has also been high lighted. Algal,Fungal,Bacterial and Archaeal cell walls have also been explained.
cell wall means rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a major organelle found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. They often contain pigments used in photosynthesis, and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cell's colour. They possess a double-stranded DNA molecule, which is circular, like that of prokaryotes.
Nucleus” is a Latin word meaning Kernel
It is the “CONTROL CENTER” of the cell
Average diameter of nucleus is 6um, which occupies around 10% of cell volume
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores and complex
Nuclear lamina
Chromosomes & Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
This power point presentation consists of 64 slides including information about plant and other type of cell wall. Chemical composition, structure, function and properties of cell wall have been explained. Ultra structure of plant cell wall has also been high lighted. Algal,Fungal,Bacterial and Archaeal cell walls have also been explained.
cell wall means rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a major organelle found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. They often contain pigments used in photosynthesis, and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cell's colour. They possess a double-stranded DNA molecule, which is circular, like that of prokaryotes.
The pigment chlorophyll is found inside the chloroplasts, each leaf contains millions of chloroplasts. Inside each one, there are stacks of membranes that hold the chlorophyll molecules.
It is a process used by plants & other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can be later used by organisms as a fuel. i.e; energy transformation
Photosynthesis - is the unique process that is limited to plant king.pdfannaindustries
Photosynthesis - is the unique process that is limited to plant kingdom.Green plants are able to
synthesize carbohydrates in there systems due to the presence of an uinique structure called
chloroplast.
The chloroplasts are present only in plant kingdom which gives them the ability to trap solar
energy convert it into chemical energy along with the synthesis of carbohydrates and evolution
of oxygen, so the process of photosynthesis does not only fix the carbon di oxide but in the
process also give out oxygen.
These chloroplasts are present in diverse groups of plant kingdom and may show structural
differences . Though they exhibit variations in their structure they perform the same function.The
chloroplasts are membrane bound organnels locate din the cytoplasm and are responsible for the
trapping of solar energy and converting it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and
NADPH due to the presence of the pigment chlorophyll and in the process liberate oxygen from
the water molecule through a series of reactions.
The number of chloroplasts per cell vary from one organism to the other they may be varying
from 1 as seen in algae or may be upto 100 per cell as seen in higher plants.the chloroplasts
develop from a pre existing plastids known as the proplastid.whcih can develop into a variety of
plastids like the chloroplast, leucoplast amyloplast etc.
They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis .The
ancestors of chloroplasts are believed to be the cyanobacteria or the blue-green algae .They are
often found as symbionts with a number of other groups of organisms like the
fungi,pteridophytes angiosperms .The oxygen present in the atmosphere is attributed due to the
activity of these cyanobacteria.They do not have a nucleus or any membrane bound organnels .
The photosynthetic apparatus is embedded into folds of the external cell membrane, called
thylakoids and contain a bluish green pigment phycocyanin and chlorophyll a.
The green algae cor the chlorophytes have a definite chloroplast whose shape may vary among
different members it may be cup shaped as seen in simple chlamydomonas , ribbon like as in
spirogyra or disc like as in higher members of the group . The main pigments are chlorophyll a, b
along with carotenoids and xanthophylls and have starch as the storage product.
the members of red algae have additional pigments in there chloroplast like phycobilins and
phycocyanins in addition to chlorophyll and the starch they make is also called as floridean
starch unique to the group.The brown algae differ from the other groups due to the presence of
the pigment fucoxanthin along with chlorophyll a and c which gives them the color.
If we move to higher group of plants like the bryophytes , Pteriodophytes, Gymnosperms and the
Angiosperms the chloroplast represents a well organized double membrane structures with they
thylakoids, grana , stroma , intergaranal lamella , stromal lamella and have chlorophyll as the
main.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. By
asghar khan lecturer in Botany
Govt: Degree College Totakan
2. are membrane bounded, mostly pigment containing
bodies present in plants cells only
They are not found in fungal or animal cells
Plastids are classified into three types
i) Chloroplast
ii) Chromoplasts
iii ) Leucoplasts
3.
4. Large ,green, round or oval cytoplasmic organelle
Contain green pigments called chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a complex organic compound
containing central Mg atom resembles
hemoglobin
Present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes
Most obvious in leaf cells
Vary in size from 4 um to 6um in diameter
Number may be from one to one hundred per cell
5. A chloroplast consist of three components
i ) an outer most covering (envelop)
ii ) Grana
iii) Stroma
Outermost covering is formed of double membrane
structure encloses the grana and stroma
6. Grana (singular granum meaning seed)
Consists of many flattened fluid filled sacs called thylakoids
Many thylakoides grouped together forming a stacks or pile
of coins called Granum
The grana are interconnected by layer called inter grana
Photosynthetic pigments are present within the membranes of
the thylakoides
Light reaction of photosynthesis are taking place within the
membranes of thlakoids of granum.
7. Stroma
Stroma is a large central space within the chloroplast
surrounded by double membrane envelope
Home to grana,site of dark reaction of photosynthesis
Covers most of the volume of chloroplast
Contain enzymes, some ribosome's and small Circular
DNA in gel like solution called matrix
Fix Carbon dioxide to manufacture sugar
8.
9. CHROMOPLAST
They Lack chlorophyll and are other than green
may be red, orange or yellow in colour
Mostly present in ripened fruits, petals of flowers and
autumn leaves
They help in pollination and seed dispersal
LEUCOPLAST
These are colorless plastids, triangular or tubular in
shape
Present in underground food storage parts such as potato
tubers, radish root.
Concerned with storage of food
10. Chloroplast absorbs light energy and store it in chemical form
(ATP),all living organism use this chemical energy for their
functions
Chloroplasts are involved in phtosynthesis,besides synthesis of
food material oxygen is formed as a by product
Chromoplast present in petals & ripened fruits are involved in
dispersal of seeds & also attract insects for pollination
Leucoplast are concerned with the storage of food in
underground parts
