Plant reproduction can occur sexually through the fusion of egg and sperm cells, or asexually through cloning. Sexual reproduction involves flowers with sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels that attract pollinators. Asexual reproduction methods for plants include vegetative propagation through stems, roots, leaves, bulbs, or artificial techniques like cuttings, grafting, layering, and tissue culture. Both sexual and asexual reproduction have advantages and disadvantages for plant survival and dispersal. The relationship between a flower's structure and its function aids in pollination and fruit/seed production and dispersal.
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Parts of a Flower
Sepals
Petals
Receptacle
Pistil
Stamen
Stamen
The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Filament- Supports the Anther
Anther- Produces Pollen Grains
Pistil
The ovule producing part of a flower.
The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
Peduncle
The stalk of a flower.
Types of Flowers
Complete Flowers- have both male and female parts
Incomplete Flowers- have either male or female parts but not both.
Pollination
is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds.
How Are Plants Pollinated?
Bees
Birds
Wind
Humans
Animals
How Are Flowers Useful to Us?
Flowers are not just beautiful to look at,
but they also serve a vital role in our ecosystem.
Flowers help our ecosystem flourish and attract a plethora of life to the area and facilitate the expansion of our environment. If flowers are cut down or destroyed before pollination can occur, that particular species has a high chance of dying off in that area. In addition, local wildlife will also vanish in that area since they would have no food. Flowers help keep the ecosystem growing and provide new plant life, as well as help sustain local insects and birds.
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+warmth+of+the+sun&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzIvum-vNAhVGE5QKHVPECrQQ_AUICCgD#tbm=isch&q=flower&imgdii=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3BFzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3B9HeLL-NVdsjrxM%3A&imgrc=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A
https://www.google.com/search?q=plants+need+to+grow&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiJtPjrnOvNAhXCj5QKHcPEAP0Q_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=parts+of+flower+for+kindergarten&imgrc=e6V8oQskJakoiM%3A
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2FStamen_en.gif&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2F354_en.html&docid=Ds4mwro4x7NUhM&tbnid=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A&w=455&h=283&noj=1&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQMwg6KAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8&biw=1366&bih=624#h=283&imgdii=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3BQKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3Bsk-2e39y3k6kCM%3A&w=455
https://www.google.com/search?q=stamen&biw=1366&bih=624&noj=1&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQ_AUIBygA&dpr=1
Reproduction in plants : Structure of seed, crop, stages of crop production , vegetative propagation, life cycle of Plant , mind map and flow chart of whole chapter
this topic objectives are: differentiate self- pollination and cross pollination,draw self-pollination in plants and appreciate the importance of insects in pollination.
This is a Science unit about plants for elementary students.
Unit index:
- Plants are living things.
The needs of a plant.
Plant parts
- Tree, bush and grass.
- We eat plants.
- Wild and cultivated plants.
- We need plants.
Parts of a Flower
Sepals
Petals
Receptacle
Pistil
Stamen
Stamen
The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Filament- Supports the Anther
Anther- Produces Pollen Grains
Pistil
The ovule producing part of a flower.
The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
Peduncle
The stalk of a flower.
Types of Flowers
Complete Flowers- have both male and female parts
Incomplete Flowers- have either male or female parts but not both.
Pollination
is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds.
How Are Plants Pollinated?
Bees
Birds
Wind
Humans
Animals
How Are Flowers Useful to Us?
Flowers are not just beautiful to look at,
but they also serve a vital role in our ecosystem.
Flowers help our ecosystem flourish and attract a plethora of life to the area and facilitate the expansion of our environment. If flowers are cut down or destroyed before pollination can occur, that particular species has a high chance of dying off in that area. In addition, local wildlife will also vanish in that area since they would have no food. Flowers help keep the ecosystem growing and provide new plant life, as well as help sustain local insects and birds.
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+warmth+of+the+sun&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzIvum-vNAhVGE5QKHVPECrQQ_AUICCgD#tbm=isch&q=flower&imgdii=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3BFzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3B9HeLL-NVdsjrxM%3A&imgrc=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A
https://www.google.com/search?q=plants+need+to+grow&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiJtPjrnOvNAhXCj5QKHcPEAP0Q_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=parts+of+flower+for+kindergarten&imgrc=e6V8oQskJakoiM%3A
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2FStamen_en.gif&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2F354_en.html&docid=Ds4mwro4x7NUhM&tbnid=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A&w=455&h=283&noj=1&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQMwg6KAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8&biw=1366&bih=624#h=283&imgdii=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3BQKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3Bsk-2e39y3k6kCM%3A&w=455
https://www.google.com/search?q=stamen&biw=1366&bih=624&noj=1&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQ_AUIBygA&dpr=1
Reproduction in plants : Structure of seed, crop, stages of crop production , vegetative propagation, life cycle of Plant , mind map and flow chart of whole chapter
this topic objectives are: differentiate self- pollination and cross pollination,draw self-pollination in plants and appreciate the importance of insects in pollination.
This is a Science unit about plants for elementary students.
Unit index:
- Plants are living things.
The needs of a plant.
Plant parts
- Tree, bush and grass.
- We eat plants.
- Wild and cultivated plants.
- We need plants.
This seeks to throw light on the process by which organisms give rise to offspring of their kind and all forms of mechanisms and structures in plants that are directly and indirectly involve in that process
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. REPRODUCTION is one of the
characteristics of life. It is a biological
process in which new individual organisms
are produced, may it be sexual or asexual.
• Sexual reproduction involves the union of
gametes (egg cell and sperm cell) through
fertilization.
• Meanwhile, asexual reproduction
involves the creation of cloned offspring
from a parent organism.
5. Vegitative Reproduction
• A form of asexual reproduction where a new plant grows from parts
of an existing plant.
• Fast reproduction
• Examples:
• Strawberry runners
• Moss fragmentation
• Potato eyes and buds
8. The Parts of a Flower
• Most flowers
have four parts:
sepals,
petals,
stamens,
Carpels (pistils)
9. The parts of a flower
• Sepals protect
the bud until it
opens.
• Petals attract
insects.
• Stamens make
pollen.
• Pistils (carpel)
grow into fruits
which contain
the seeds.
10.
11. Stamen (male)
• Anther: pollen
grains grow in the
anther.
• When the grains
are fully grown, the
anther splits open.
• Filament: holds the
anther
12. Pistil (female)
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
Stigma – sticky place for
pollen to attach
Style – where pollen nuclei
travels to reach the egg
Ovary – where egg is located
13. Modifications in Flowers
•Complete flowers – have all four
organs (sepals, petals, stamens,
and pistils)
•Morning glory and tiger lily
•Incomplete flowers – lacks one or
more of the four organs
•Squash and corn
17. Pollination Mechanisms
•Animal pollination
•hummingbirds & bees transfer pollen from plant to
plant
•Flowers are brightly colored or highly scented
•Wind pollination
•lightweight and are carried by wind
•Small flowers with little color or scent
•Self pollination
•Able to pollinate flowers on same plant
•Have both pistel and stamen
21. NaturalVegetative
Propagation
This occurs when plants grow and
develop naturally without any human
interference. Natural vegetative
propagation can be enabled by the
development of adventitious roots.
Thus, new plants may emerge from
the roots, stem and leaves of the
parent plant.
23. ROOTS
New plants emerge out of swollen,
modified roots known as tubers. Buds
are formed at the base of the stem.
24. LEAVES
Leaves of a few plants get detached
from the parent plant and develop
into new plants.
25. BULBS
Bulbs have an underground stem to which the
leaves are attached.These leaves are capable of
storing food.The centre of the bulb contains an
apical bud that produces leaves and flowers.
Shoots are developed from the lateral buds.
26. ArtificialVegetative
Propagation
This is a type of vegetative
reproduction carried out by humans in
the fields and laboratories.The most
common types of vegetative
reproduction occurring artificially
include:
27. CUTTING
In this, a part of a
plant, specifically a
stem or leaf is cut
and planted in the
soil.These cuttings
are sometimes
treated with
hormones to induce
root development.
The new plant is
formed from the
adventitious roots
developing from the
cutting.
28. GRAFTING
In this, the cutting
from some other
plant is attached to
the stem of a plant
rooted in the
ground.The tissues
of the graft
become integrated
with the tissues of
the rooted plant
and develop as a
single plant over
time.
29. LAYERING
In this, the stem of
the plant is bent to
the ground and
covered with soil.
Adventitious roots
emerge from the
plant parts covered
with the soil.This
attached stem with
developing roots is
known as a layer.
30. TISSUE CULTURE
In this, the plant cells
from different parts of
a plant are cultured in
the laboratory to
develop a new plant.
This technique is
helpful in increasing
the number of rare
and endangered plant
species that are
unable to grow under
natural conditions.
32. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES
•No need for pollinator
•Pass all good genetic
material as offspring are
clones of parents
•Can grow rapidly in a
stable environment, as
the offspring are
genetically adapted to
the environment
•Strong seedlings,
prevents predation
•Energy economical
DISADVANTAGES
•Clones are prone to
diseases, predation,
etc.
•Cannot be dispersed
long distances
•Prone to
environmental
fluctuating
conditions
38. VEGETATIVE PART
a. Receptacle – holds the floral parts of the
flower
b. Sepal – modified leaves that protects a flower
in bud and holds the petals when in bloom
c. Calyx – collective term for the sepals
d. Petal – modified leaves that surround the
reproductive organ or plants; normally colourful,
and with odor, to attract pollinators
e. Corolla – collective term for petals
f. Inflorescence – cluster of flowers
39. REPRODUCTIVE PART
a. Stamen – male reproductive organ
b. Filament – stalk that holds the anther at the
end
c. Anther – produces the pollen which houses the
sperm cell
d. Carpel – Female reproductive organ. Singly or
fused, is called a pistil
e. Style – the slender neck of the carpel which
holds the stigma at its end.
f. Stigma – is a structure with sticky substance
which traps pollen
g. Ovary – the bulbous structure of the carpel
which contains the ovule
h. Ovule – has the egg cell of the plant.
40. ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS
a. As the flower is important in the development
of a fruit and the eventual dispersal of the seed
for plant propagation, it has evolved different
adaptive mechanisms.
b.This structure to function relationship is
important as the plant should be able to attract
specific pollinators to increasing the success rate
of its propagation.
c. Competition among plants over one pollinator
may result in lesser chance of propagation.
42. Fruits – structures that not only protect the
seeds of plants but also aid in their dispersal;
derived from the maturation of a flower’s ovary
a.The ovary walls eventually become the
pericarp during development.
b.The pericarp is further divided into three parts:
the exocarp or skin, the mesocarp or the flesh
and the endocarp, which is the core.
c. Depending on fruit adaptations, the pericarp
can be stony, woody, fleshy as such the endocarp
might not be fleshy, the exocarp might be
rubbery or woody, etc.
43. For example: the apple’s seed and fruit is
protected by an accessory fruit which formed
from the fleshy receptacle.This ensures that
the seed will not be harmed during the
consumption of the fleshy receptacle, as the
fruit is not eaten, rather is thrown, aiding in its
dispersal.
Again, this is an example of a structure
function relationship not only in one organ (the
fruit) but between the flower and the fruit that
was formed.
44. 4 kinds of fruit
1. Simple Fleshy
fruits- contain
one or more
seeds.
Ex: Apples, Peach,
grape, tomato,
pumpkin
45. 4 Kinds of fruit
2. Aggregate fruit-
Most berries.
Many female parts
fuse to form one
fruit.
Ex: Blackberries,
strawberries,
raspberries
46. 4 Kinds of fruit
3. Multiple fruit-
Flowers fuse to
form one fruit.
Ex: Pineapples,
figs
47. 4 Kinds of fruit
4.. Dry fruit- Fruits
that are dry.
Ex: Nuts, grains,
seed pods
49. 1.The seed or mature ovules contain the
embryo, which will eventually germinate and
grow if properly dispersed in a favorable
environment.
2.To protect the embryo from harsh
environmental conditions, it goes into a state
of dormancy until a period for favorable
growth and development arrives.
3.To protect the embryo, the seed coat has an
hardened outer covering which protects it
from physical or chemical disturbances
52. Seed Germination
•Requires:
•Water (swells and breaks seed coat)
•Oxygen (cell respiration as seed grows)
•OptimalTemperature (each plant requires
a certain temperature to begin growth)
Seeds will lie dormant in their hard seed
coats waiting for optimal conditions.