This document discusses the different parts of plants and their functions, as well as the process of photosynthesis. It notes that plants have leaves, stems, roots, and flowers, with each part playing an important role - leaves make food through photosynthesis, stems transport water and nutrients, roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and flowers produce seeds. The document then examines the structure and function of leaves in more detail, and classifies plants based on their structure, root and stem types, whether they produce seeds or spores, and whether they are edible.

1. What are plants?

2. What can you see in this picture?
It’s a family

3. Do you know that plants have family too?
- Plants have green leaves, stems, roots & flowers.

4. - Each & every part “member” in the plant has
its own function “job” which is very important
for the plant’s growth & survival.
(As each family member has a job to do
everyday; father goes to work, mother cooks
food, children go to school & study)

5. (1) Flowers
-Flowers have bright colors
that attract insects & birds
that drink the nectar.
- They make the seeds (inside
the fruits).
{They act like magnets as their
bright colors attract birds to drink
the nectar}

6. (2) Stems
- Stems take water & nutrients
from the roots to all the plant
parts.
- Stems hold the plants upright.
(A tree’s stem is called: Trunk)
{They act like pipes that carry
water to our homes as they carry
water to all plant parts}

7. (3) Roots
- Roots absorb “take” the water
& nutrients from the soil & give
them to the stem.
- Roots fix the plants in the soil.
{They act like a straw that takes in
water from the soil, they also act
like an anchor that fix the boat in
the water}

8. (4) Leaves
- Leaves make the food for the
plant through a process called:
“Photosynthesis process”
{They act like the chef who cooks
food, as they are responsible for
making plant’s food}

9. What is photosynthesis process?
- Every day you eat 3 meals:
“Breakfast in the morning”
“Lunch in the afternoon”
“Dinner At night”
- Plants also make 1 meal everyday
which is called: Photosynthesis

10. Photosynthesis process
- It is the process in which the plants “leaves”
use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air &
water & nutrients from the soil to make their
food.

11. In photosynthesis process:
+ + + Nutrients
+
{Plants use carbon dioxide, sunlight , water & nutrients
to make photosynthesis then, oxygen & energy are
released

12. Now, let’s take a closer look at the
leaf

13. The structure of the leaf
Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Chloroplast
Stomata
Lower epidermis

14. (1) Cuticle:
• It is the waxy layer that coats the surface of
the leaf to protect the leaf from losing too
much water.
{It’s like a cover “coat” for the leaf that keeps the
leaf moist & protect it from becoming dry on a
very sunny day}

15. (2) Upper epidermis:
• It is the outer layer of the leaf that protect it
from damage.
{It’s like our skin that protect us from any damage,
plants have an outer layer “epidermis” that protect
it from any damage}

16. (3) Chloroplast:
• It gives the leaf its green color & it contains
chlorophyll that absorb sunlight in photosynthesis
process “makes food for plants”.
{It’s like the food factory of the plant}

17. (4) Stomata:
• It opens & closes letting carbon dioxide in &
oxygen out during photosynthesis.
{It act like our mouth “open & close to help us to
breath in oxygen & breath out carbon dioxide”}

18. Do you think that all plants look the
same like each others?
• Of course not, plants are so different from
each others.
• So let’s classify “divide” the plants according
to:

19. (1) Structure
A- Plants with leaves, stems & roots:
Example:
Trees

20. B- Plants with no leaves, stems or roots:
Example:
Mosses Worts

21. (2) Types of roots
A- Plants with tap roots: “Looks like a cone”
Example:
Beet root Carrot Radish

22. A- Plants with fibrous roots: “Looks like hairs”
Example:
Grass Cactus

23. (3) Types of stems
A- Plants with woody stems: “hard”
Example:
Trees Shrubs

24. A- Plants with soft stems:
Example:
Tulips Flowers

25. (4) Seeds
A- Seed plants:
- They produce new plants from seeds.
Example:
Apple trees Violet trees

26. B- Seedless plants:
- They produce new plants from spores.
“not from seeds”
(When spores are released & fall in the soil, then
they grow into new plants)
Example:
Horsetails Mosses Ferns

27. (5) Edible or Not
A-We eat the roots of:
Carrots Beet roots

28. B-We eat the stem of:
Celery Sugar cane Asparagus

29. C-We eat the leaves of:
Spinach Lettuce

30. D-We eat the flowers of:
Cauliflower Broccoli

31. E-We eat the seeds of:
Rice Beans Corn

32. - Some plants are not edible, but we use them:
1) As medicine
2) For making furniture

33. 3) For clothing
4) As fuel “Like gasoline”