The document discusses the reproduction processes in plants, distinguishing between asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction methods include budding, fragmentation, spore formation, and vegetative propagation, while sexual reproduction occurs through flowers, involving pollination and fertilization. Seed dispersal mechanisms are also outlined, highlighting how seeds travel away from the parent plant through various means including wind, water, animals, and explosive fruits.

1. REPRODUCTION
IN PLANTS
CLASS- VII

2. PARTS OF FLOWERING PLANT:
●Vegetative Parts: Roots,
●stems and leaves
●Reproductive Part: Flower
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

3. REPRODUCTION
It is the process by which living organism
can produce more of their own kind
e.g. A mango plant produces mango.
Reproduction is of two types:
* Asexual Reproduction
* Sexual Reproduction

4. Asexual Reproduction: An
individual can reproduce on its
own without the involvement
of another individual of the
same species (e.g. Bacteria)
Sexual Reproduction:
Involvement of two individuals
(one of each sex)

5. TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
a)BUDDING: * Yeast is a unicellular organism
which reproduces asexually.
* It produces an outgrowth called bud.
* The nucleus, in the yeast cell, also divides into
two daughter nuclei.
* One nucleus remains in the parent cell while
other moves to the bud.
* The bud may grow and get detached from the
parent cell.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

6. * Spirogyra is a algae which reproduces
asexually by fragmentation.
* A spirogyra filament breaks into two or
more fragments.
* These fragments grow & develops into
new individuals.
FRAGMENTATION

7. * The minute head like structures of
bread mould are called sporangia (as
they have spores in them)
* The spores are thick
walled,microscopic and asexually
reproducing bodies
* They are carried by wind and keep
floating in air; when they find suitable
conditions, they grow.
SPORE FORMATION

8. It is a type of asexual reproduction in
which new plants are produced from the
vegetative parts
Vegetative propagation from stem:
●Potato tuber has eye like structure
(bud) which grows into new plants
●Onion takes place through bulbs which
are composed of reduced stem,with
layered fleshy scale leaves.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

9. * Corms in plants like colocasia also
help in vegetative propagation. A
corm is a short, vertical, and swollen
underground stem which serves as a
storage organ
* It is used by some plants in adverse
conditions also.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
(MODIFIED STEM)

10. * Some plants like sweet potato and
dahlia use their roots for asexual
reproduction.
* In time, an entire grove of trees
may form from the original tree.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
(ROOTS)

11. * Leaves of bryophyllum have leaf
buds in the notches of leaves.
* The buds develop into tiny plantlets.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
(LEAVES)

12. Advantages:
* Plants produced by this method take less time to grow
* New plants are exact copies of the parent plant
* New plants have the same desirable characters as those of the parent plant
* They also bear flowers and fruits earlier than the plants produced from
seeds
Disadvantages:
* As all such plants are identical, if a disease spreads,it can infect the whole
lot of them
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

13. * Human reproduction is a common
example of sexual reproduction.
* In flowering plants, reproductive
parts are present in the flower.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

14. There are four parts of the flower:
* Sepal (outermost part of the flower): green part
* Petal: coloured part of the flower
* Stamen (Male reproductive part): consists of anther and filament
* Pistil (Female reproductive part): consists of ovary and ovules
FLOWER

15. There are two types of flowers:
a) Unisexual flowers b) Bisexual flowers
* Have either pistil or stamen. * Have both stamen and
pistil in every flower .
e.g. Papaya e.g. Tomato, Brinjal
TYPES OF FLOWERS

16. LIFE CYCLE OF A FLOWERING PLANT

17. POLLINATION
* Pollination is transfer of pollen grains from anther to
stigma in flowers.
* It requires pollinators, which are the agents that transfer
pollen grains from anther to a stigma.
* Wind, bees, butterflies, birds, rats and bats are the main
pollinators in nature.

18. TYPES OF POLLINATION

19. FERTILISATION
Male gamete + Female gamete
Fertilisation
Zygote
Embryo (Baby plant)
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20. FATE OF FLOWER AFTER FERTILISATION
* After fertilisation, sepals, petals, stamens and stigma
usually dry and fall off.
* Development of seed: Ovules form seeds.
* Development of fruit: After fertilisation, ovary
begins to grow and forms the fruit.
* Germination of Seed: Under suitable conditions,
seed germinates to form seedling .

21. SEED DISPERSAL
* It is movement of seeds away from
the parent plant and can be done in
number of ways depending on the
nature of seeds
Dispersal by wind:
* Light seeds are carried by wind like
seeds of drumsticks, madar, maple
etc.
Dispersal by water:
* Fruits which float like lotus, water lily
and coconut are carried by water

22. SEED DISPERSAL
Dispersal by animals:
* Animals eat fruits and seeds are not
digested; they help to disperse the
seeds through their droppings.
e.g. Seeds of xanthium and urena get
attached to the fur of animals
Dispersal by explosion of fruit:
* Seeds of pea, castor, bean and
balsam are formed in pods; when
seeds ripe, and pod dry, pod bursts
open and their seeds get scattered.