Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Description. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs. They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin.
Gladiolus is an important cut flower crop grown commercially in many parts of the world. Breeding work in gladiolus has been carried out at IARI, New Delhi; IIHR, Bangalore; NBRI, Lucknow, IHBT, Palampur and Horticulture Experiment and Training centre, Chaubattia.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Scented rose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Propagation of rootstocks in temperate fruits final. ROOTSTOCK . WHAT IS ROOT...Arvind Yadav
Propagation of rootstocks is more than 2000 yrs old practice.
Sexual –seeds
Asexual-suckers
Seeds being collected & extracted from indigenous populations of native fruit species, germinated and grown for use as rootstock.
Ex: Apple, pear, apricot, peach, plum, sweet cherry, sour cherry, almonds and walnuts.
RootstocksSeedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
Seedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
Seedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
“Advances in breeding of mango ”
Advances breeding of Mango, breeding of mango, mutation breeding og mango ,breeding of mango by gangaram rana ppt , breeding of mango in igkv
Description. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs. They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin.
Gladiolus is an important cut flower crop grown commercially in many parts of the world. Breeding work in gladiolus has been carried out at IARI, New Delhi; IIHR, Bangalore; NBRI, Lucknow, IHBT, Palampur and Horticulture Experiment and Training centre, Chaubattia.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Scented rose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Propagation of rootstocks in temperate fruits final. ROOTSTOCK . WHAT IS ROOT...Arvind Yadav
Propagation of rootstocks is more than 2000 yrs old practice.
Sexual –seeds
Asexual-suckers
Seeds being collected & extracted from indigenous populations of native fruit species, germinated and grown for use as rootstock.
Ex: Apple, pear, apricot, peach, plum, sweet cherry, sour cherry, almonds and walnuts.
RootstocksSeedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
Seedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
Seedling rootstocks
Clonal rootstocks
“Advances in breeding of mango ”
Advances breeding of Mango, breeding of mango, mutation breeding og mango ,breeding of mango by gangaram rana ppt , breeding of mango in igkv
Natural products are chemical compounds or substances produced naturally by living organisms. With the development of modern technology, more and more plant extracts have been found to be useful to medical practice. Natural products can be divided into two major classes, primary metabolites, which are required for an organism to survive, and secondary metabolites, which are not required for an organism to survive, but usually lend the organism some form of growth or survival advantage within its environment.
The natural fibers are renewable, non-abrasive, bio-degradable, possess a good calorific value, exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive.
This good environmental friendly feature makes the materials very popular in engineering markets such as the automotive and construction industry.
The banana fibers are waste product of banana cultivation, therefore without any additional cost these fibers can be obtained for industrial purposes.
For agriculture students to learn about export agricultural crops cocoa.
learn climatic and soil requirements
learn about uses of cocoa.
learn about propagation practices.
Major growing areas.
planting materials of cocoa.
varieties of cocoa.
variety characteristics of cocoa
Filling fibers and their scope in pakistanSyedaQandeel
Assalam O Alaikum!
this is where you can find the filling fibers in the world, their uses and also about the scope in Pakistan, the description is given and detailed study can be done by checking the references mentioned. Hope you all like it.
Thanks
Earthworms have been on the Earth for over 20 million years. In this time they have faithfully done their part to keep the cycle of life continuously moving.
They are nature’s way of recycling organic nutrients from dead tissues back to living organisms.
Charles Darwin was intrigued by the worms and studied them for 39 years. Referring to an earthworm, Darwin said, “It may be doubted whether there are many other animals in the world which have played so important a part in the history of the world.” The earthworm is a natural resource of fertility and life.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Plantation of Rubber By JIGNESH
1. M.Sc. Sem :- 1
Prepared By :- Prajapati Maya D. ( Roll No. 13)
:- Pathan Sabanambanu D. ( Roll
No. 21)
:- Prajapati Jignesh M.( Roll No. 6)
Paper :- BOTCC -104
Unit :- 4
Guidance By :- Dr. V. A. Patel.
5. • Sir Henry William brought
Rubber seeds from Brazil
to India in the year 1876
HISTORY OF RUBBER
6. • Thailand is the largest producer of
natural rubber
• "Natural rubber producing countries"
Indonesia is in second place,malayshia i
n third place
• India ranked fourth in the list of natural
rubber producing countries
• Rubber is cultivated in Kerala, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Assam, Tripura, Goa and Ma
harashtra.
7. LATEX
• Latex is the material that is made from
trees to make rubber.
• Country's Largest - Producing State - Kerala
Rubber Production - 85%
8. • Rubber is obtained from latex of various plant
of tropical and sub tropical region
• Most of the Rubber plant belong to the Moraceae
,Euphorbiaceae & Apocynaceae Family
• Rubber is the most Recent of the major crops
of the world
• The latex occur in latex tuber or latex vessels
found in various parts of the plants
• Generally the commercial rubber are obtained from
the lower part of the stem of trees
9. • Latex is the mixture of water hydrocarbon
resins oil protein, acids,salt ,sugar
10. Chemical composition of Rubber
• 1st grade latex plantation rubber contains rubber,
hydrogen 92-94% ,raisin 3% protin 2% ash 0.2% in
hevea rubber
• Rubber hydrocarbon also known as caoutchouc
(an elastic hydrocarbon polymer) is colorless,
odorless transparent and elastic
11. • It consist of long chains of Isoprene units connected
end to end through 1:4 linkages
• Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium
permanganate and hydrogen peroxide
• Latex is the polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene – with
a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 daltons
• Typically, a small percentage (up to 5% of dry
mass) of other materials, such as proteins, fatty
acids, resins, and inorganic materials (salts) are
found in natural rubber
12. • Natural rubber is also known as Cis-1,4
polyIsoprene
• Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium
- permanganate and hydrogen peroxide
• Natural rubber is an elastomer and a thermoplastic. Once the
rubber is vulcanized, it turns into a thermoset. Most rubber
indegraded but not destroyed
13. Hevea Rubber
Class : Dicotyledonae
Sub class : Apetalae
Series : Unesexules
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Genus : Hevea
Spp. : brasiliensis
14. morphology of the Rubber yielding plant
hevea brasiliensis
• Hevea brasiliensis is a stout Fast growing
profusely branched tree
• Leaves are Compound which acute apex
• Flowers are small, green, unisexual having
pleasant Fragrance
15. Inflorescence is pencil The male flower and developed to
wards lower part of inflorescence axis where female
flowers are developed forwar the top.
Fruit is capsule type which is tripartite
16. • The Hevea or para rubber tree normally is
the source of from 95-98% of the rubber
produced throughout the world
• It is large tree attaining a height of 60-100
ft or more and a girth of 8-12ft.
• The para rubber tree often simply called rubber tree is a tree
belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and the most
economically important member of the genus Hevea
17. • It is of major economic importance because it sup-like
extract (known as latex) is the primary source of
natural rubber
18. • In india rubber plantation were 1st started in Kerala state
in 1905 ,since then many other areas have been brought
under rubber cultivation
• Rubber grown well in highly weathered soil
s consisting of lateritic soil
• The temperature ranges from 60 F to 95 F, there is large
variation winter summer temperature
• The economic life of rubber tree is 30-35 year
Plantation :
19. • they are rich in nitrogen but poor in mineral
constituent
• newly opened jungle is considered to be the
most suitable for rubber cultivation
• cold weather and high wind speed affect production
20. • Water table should be well below 1m to ensure
good aeration for root penetration
• pH 4.5 - 6
• Agro climatic requirements :
Can be grown 10N to 10S lattitude
Rainfall - 2000mm
Temperature. - 25-28 °C
Humidity - 80%
Sunshine - 2000 hrs/year (6 hrs/day)
21. Types of planting
1. Seed at stake planting : Planting seeds in situ
is not found very successful in the country
2. Stump planting : seedlings raised in nurseries
are transplanted after pruning the stem at a
height of 45-60 Cm from the collar
3. Budded stump planting : seedlings raised in nursery area
budded and transplanted after pruning the stem at about 8Cm
from the bud patch
22. 4. Polybag plant : These plants are raised in two
ways
(a) Raise stock seedlings in polybags and after
wards green bud them at the appropriate stage
and transplant
(b) Green budded stumps are planted in polybags of
appropriate size and transplanted in both the casses ,
transplanting can be done when the plants attain either
2-3 whorls or 6-7 whorls of leaves
23. • latex is obtained by tapping from the bark of the tree.
tapping is a process of controlled wounding
• The latex is then collected in coconut shell. which is placed below the
spout tapping should start early in the morning
(tapping time 5am to 9am) when the flow of latex is high
• The flow stops after two or three hours and the latex is
collected buckets and taken to the collection she'd or
factory
24.
25. • Immediately after the latex reaches the factory it is
weighed and the impurities are removed from it by
sieving
• It is then poured into aluminium trays of standard
size or into bigger tanks formic acid or acetic acid
of standard strength is added to the latex so as to
coagulate in into a soft mass of whitish colour
tapping knife
26. • This is washed in running water and pressed
between smooth rollers to remove the water
and convert the mass of rubber into sheets.
• The sheets are then passed through grooved
marking rollers
• The wet sheets are dried partially in shade and then
taken to smoke houses for through drying for 4 to 5
days at a temperature of 43 C – 60 C
• After which the sheets are graded according to
quality and packed desputch to manufacturers
27. Use of Rubber :
• Rubber is now used in the manufacture of a wide
variety of products for the industries services and
also for domestic purposes
• Nearly 50,000 different products require rubber
for their fabrication either directly or indirectly
• About 75% of the total rubber consumption is
accounted for by tyres and tubes of automobile
• About 6% of the total world production is utilized in foot
wear industry and about 4% for wire and cable insulation
28. • The hand gloves used in electricity and hospital
are made up of rubber
• Hard rubber is mostly used in electrical and radio
📻 engineering industries
• Sponge rubber is used in carpenting ,Different
agricultural equipment are made from rubbers
29. • Other uses of rubber are footwear components
wire and cable insulation carpet backing convey
or belts etc.
30.
31.
32.
33. Answer the questions :-
1. Which country largest producer natural rubber ?
Ans : Thailand.
2. India ranked ……… in the list of natural rubber
producing countries?
Ans: 4th
3. Wich Family belong to Hevea Brasillinsis ?
Ans: Euphorbiaceae.