India is the third largest producer and fourth largest consumer of natural rubber in the world. The automotive tire sector accounts for 50% of India's rubber consumption. The document discusses the various stages of rubber production including latex collection, processing, and different marketable forms. The key types discussed are sheet rubber, crepe rubber, block rubber, and technically specified rubber which are used in various industries like tires, footwear, and medical products.

1. Rubber
Manufacturing

4. Rubber Production: India and
world
• India is the third largest producer of
rubber in the world.
• It is the fourth largest consumer of
natural rubber.
• It is the fifth largest consumer of
natural rubber and synthetic rubber
together in the world.

5. Rubber Consumption in India
• Automotive tyre sector: 50%
consumption of all kinds of rubbers
• Bicycles tyres and tubes: 15%
• Footwear: 12%
• Belts and hoses: 6%
• Camelback and latex products: 7%
• Other products: 10%

6. MRF

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12. Footwear

13. Surgical and pharmaceutical
products

14. Marketable forms of Rubber
• 1.Sheet Rubber.
• 2.Crepe Rubber.
• 3.Preserved Field Latex and Latex
concentrates.
• 4.Block Rubber.

15. Types of rubber
• Sheet ruber
• Used in tyre industry
• Crepe rubber
• Used to construct shoe soles as well as boot
soles.
• Technically Specified Rubber
• Motorcycle and bicycle tyres
• Gloves, Mattress, Condoms, Toys, Balloon or
Catheters

16. Block Rubber
• Electrical supply industry, utilities,
automotive etc
• Hawai Slippers
• Auto Mobile Bushing ,Oil Seal ,Gasket
and
• rubber mats.

17. Raw Materials
• Natural latex - This is a white fluid
obtained from the rubber tree.
• Sheet rubber – Rubber obtained after
Primary Processing

18. Latex Collection
• Natural rubber is collected from
plantations as
• Latex
• Field Coagulum

19. Precoagulation
• Normally field latex coagulates after 4
to 6 h of tapping.
• Latex coagulation during
transportation is undesirable as it
hampers further processing.
• Ammonia is a popular anti-Cogulant.

20. Latex Collection
• Flow of latex usually ceases 2 to 3 h
after tapping.
• Latex is transferred from collection
cups to buckets.
• Buckets containing latex should not be
kept exposed to sunlight.

21. Sheet rubber
• Latex brought is strained through 40
and 60 mesh stainless steel sieves.
• Dry rubber content is estimated with a
metrolac.
• Latex is diluted in bulking tanks to a
standard consistency of ½ kg of dry
rubber for every 4 litres of diluted latex.

22. Sheet Processing
• Sieving
•
• Bulking
• Addition of Chemicals
• Coagulation
• Sheeting
• Dripping
• Drying
•

23. Coagulation
• Aluminium Pans – 40 x 30 x 7 cm size.
• 4 litres of standardised latex is taken in
each pan.
• Sheets weigh 50 g when dried.

24. Coagulation
• Formic acid is the commonly used
chemical.
• 1.5 ml per pan.

25. Latex collection

26. Latex collection centre

27. Dry rubber content estimation

28. Pans stacked for latex
coagulation

29. Rolling
• Thorough washing of the coagulum
during and/or after sheeting is
essential to remove acid residues.
• Sheeted either in a sheeting battery or
smooth rollers to thickness of 3 mm
and finally passed through grooved
roller.

30. Hand Operated Roller

31. Smoking
• Dripped in shade for 2 to 3 hrs.
• Dried in smoke house at temp bet 40
deg and 60 deg.
• First day 40 - 43 deg C.
• Second and Fourth day-not exceeding
60 deg C.

32. Smoke house

33. Grading

34. Baling

35. Crepe rubber
• Crop collected as field coagulum can
be processed only into crepe or block
rubber.

36. Machining of latex coagulum

37. Final creping

38. Drying of PLC

39. Grading

40. Packing of sole crepe

41. Baling of EBC

42. Latex Concentrates
• Centrifugation involves the separation
of preserved field latex into two
fractions.
• One containing the concentrating latex
of more than 60% dry rubber.
• Other containing 4-8% dry rubber by a
suitable centrifuge machine.

43. Unloading of field latex

44. Centrifuging of latex

46. Technically specified rubber
• RSS and crepe rubbers are graded by
visual comparison.
• Synthetic rubbers are graded by
technical specification.
• Processing of Natural rubbers in
technically specified form.

47. Technical specifications
• Dirt Content
• Ash content
• Volatile content
• Nitrogen content
• Plasticity

48. Technically Specified Rubber
• Size reduction
• De-watering
• Dirt removal
• Drying
• Bailing
• Grading

49. Field Coagulum

50. Hammer mill

51. Dried crumb

53. Ribbed Sheets
• Sheet rubber commands 75 % in the
Indian Natural Rubber .
• RSS-1
• RSS -2
• RSS-3

54. • Global natural rubber output is slightly lower
than consumption and that has helped
rubber prices to touch high levels during
2005 and 2006.
• Tokyo Commodity Exchange, Singapore
Commodity Exchange and Agriculture
Futures Exchange in Bangkok are the major
global rubber futures market.
• The three national commodity exchanges in
India offer futures contracts in rubber

55. • Most popular grades used by Indian
tyre makers are known as ribbed
smoked sheet or RSS-4.
• The main spot markets for rubber in
the country are Kottayam, Cochin and
Kozhikode in Kerala.

56. Grades of NR
• Among these 4 forms/types, the first
three are in the dry form and almost
90% of the total NR produced in the
world are at present marketed in these
3 forms.
•