Rubber trees are native to the Amazon basin and introduced to tropical regions of Asia and Africa. The document discusses the properties, propagation from seed or budding, climate needs, planting, tapping, and pests/diseases of rubber trees. Rubber trees require annual rainfall of 200-300cm and warm temperatures between 21-35°C to thrive. Tapping is the controlled wounding of bark to collect latex, which is then processed into rubber. Major rubber producing countries include Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Africa.

2. Properties of rubber
High strength.
Low heat build up.
Better resistance to wear and flex cracking.

3. Introduction
 Rubber tree belongs to family euphorbiaceae .
 This tree is sturdy, tall and quick growing.
 It has a well developed tap root and laterals .flowers
are unisexual , small and fragrant.
 Latex vessels are present in all parts of the tree except
in the wood.

4. Origin and distribution
• It is a native of amazon basin.
• Introduced tropical belts of Asia and Africa.
• Asia , Malaysia , Indonesia , Thailand and Africa are
the major rubber producing countries.

5. Species
1. Manihot glaziovil (ceara rubber)
2. Castiola elastica (pnama rubber)
3. Havea brassilliensis (Para rubber)
4. Ficus elastica (Indian rubber)

6. Propagation
1.SEED PROPAGATION
Seeds are collected everyday or an alternate day as it loose
viability , If expose to sun.
• sown in nursery bed.
• Propagation through seed is practice to raise seedling for
rootstock.
• Seed normally ripe during July – September .
• Sown immediately , in raise bed of river sand of 1m width and
of convenient length are formed and sown in single layer.
• Nursery should be protected from the direct sun by providing
temporary shade.

7. 2.BUDDING
 There are 2 types of budding :
1. Green budding:
Stock and scion used are young
Stock are of 2-8 month old ,green buds are taken from bud
shoots of 6-8weeks

8. 2- Brown Budding
Old stocks of 10 months or more are used
Buds found in axils of leaves are used

9. Planting materials
1. Seeds at stake
2. Seedling stumps
3. Budded stumps
4. Polybag plants

10. soil
• Good soil aeration (30%)
• Soil ph of 4.5 -6.5 .(ideal ph 5.5)
• Very porous well drained

11. Climate
 It require annual rainfall of 200-300cm .
 A warm temperature -21-35 ˚c.
 Humidity 70- 90%

12. Manure and fertilizer
 30:30:30 kg NPK recommended per ha.
 If mg deficiency symptoms , addition of 50 kg mg
sulphate /ha is recommended.

13. Planting
 Pits are usually dug to the 1 × 1 × 1 m3 and filled up with soil
and compost.
 Planting may be done in a rectangular or square or quincunx
system during June - July.

14. Planting distance
 In hills-6.7 × 3.4m
 In flats- 4.9 × 4.9

15. Harvesting
 1. Tapping
Tapping is the process by which latex is collected from
rubber tree. It is the process of controlled wounding of
rubber tree during which thin shaving of barks are removed
leading to flow of latex.
Tree must be approximately 6 years old and 6 inches in
diameter.

16. Methods of tapping rubber
1. Mini and reduced spiral tapping
 Mini cuts of 5cm, reduced spiral cuts of 10c,
• Less injurious to tree.
2. High level tapping
3. Controlled upward tapping
4.Puncture tapping or micro tapping
5.Intensive tapping
6. Slaughter tapping

17. Collection of latex
Latex is white or yellowish opaque liquid .
It contains 30-45%of rubber and 55-65%of water.
Fresh latex collected from tree is neutral in nature.
It becomes acidic rapidly due to bacterial action.

18. Yield
 The annual yield of rubber is about 375 kg per hectare
per annum from seedling , where as budded plantation
yield 900 to 1000kg rubber /ha.

19. Pest of rubber
1. Termites
2. Root feeding grubs
3. White fly

20. Diseases of rubber
 Abnormal leaf fall
 Powdery mildew
 Pink disease
 Patch canker

21. Presented by :
1. Subodh Poudel
2. Srijana Chaudhari
3. Sulochana poudel
4. Sushma Poudel
5. Suman Ghimire
6. Suman Bhandari
Presented to :
Mr. Atish Pandit