HNGU PATAN. m.sc sem 3 botany cbo - 502

1.  RUBBER

2. Content.
Production of rubber in india
Processing
Uses of rubber
Synthetic rubber

3. PRODUCTION OF RUBBEN IN THE
INDIA
INDIA : In India rubber is mainly cultivated
in Kerala ,which accounts for about 94% of
total Indian output and the rest by
Coimbatore, nil iris Salam and kanyakumari
districts of Tamil nadu.
The non traditional areas of cultivation are
Karnataka and Goa.

4. PROCESSING
Tapping –
• Para rubber is valued for the latex obtained
by tapping , opening up the latex vessels
situated in the bark with a sharp incision on
the main trunk.
• When the vessels are cut, the latex flows
out, quickly at first , then slowly , and finally
coagulating on the cut surface.

5. • The tree is rested after each cut for varying
periods according to age , climate and condition
of the tree.
• When the tree is tapped again, the coagulated
latex of ‘plug’form the old surface is removed
and a thin strip of bark is cut off.

6. Yield
• The average yield of latex per acre in india
from unselected ordinary seedling trees is
300 lb(pound).
• The yield from budgrafted trees of
approved clones and from clonal seedling of
approved parentage is twice , or more.
• An average yield of 700-800lb(pound). Per
acre has been obtained with improved
planting materials in india.

7. Latex –
• Fresh latex is usually milky white in colour.
• The latex drawn from a tree which has been
rested for sometime is yellow.
• Fresh latex is readily susceptible to enzymic
and bacterial action leading to acid
formation, and bactericides are usually
added to latex at the time of collection to
inhibit acid development and consequent
coagulation.

8. Coagulating latex ,rolling coagulated latex into sheet

9.  Raw rubber-
• Rubber of commerce is obtained from latex
of hevea brasiliensis by coagulation.
• Rolling and drying two forms of raw rubber
are known in trade , namely , smoked sheet
rubber and crepe rubber.

10. Grading
• The system adopted in our country for rubber
is based on the type description of the rubber
manufacturers.
• Association and endorsed by the rubber trade
association of new york.
• These types are recognised as
universal standards by
producing and consuming
countries a like.

11. Packing –
• The raw rubber is packed in bales in accordance
with R.M.A packing specifications.
Marketing –
• The raw rubber is marketed in the from of dry
• rubber. About two thirds of total production is
marketed by managing agents depot of a
purchasing firm or take them to dealers in
kottayam, trivandurm, trichur or other market
centres.

12. Uses of rubber
The raw rubber as such has few important
applications.
Its chief uses are making insulation tapes , shoe
soles , adhesives and erasers.
Rubber is used for the prodution of a wide variety
of products utilized in industries and services , and
form domestic purposes.

13. Sponge rubber from foamed latex finds
uses in cushioning ,seating and bedding.
Its also employed in the fabrication of
battery boxes ,fountain pen barrels
,telephones and combs.
About 6% is used fpr footwear ,about 4%
for wire and cable insulation.

14. Uses of rubber

15. Such as sheets ,hot water bags,ice bags
,toys and rubber bands.
Over 65% of the latex used in the
mnufacture of foam rubber and the rest for
dipped goods, fabric coatings ,
impregnation and moulded goods.
 Uncured latex is used as an adhesive in
footwear manufacture.

16. Synthetic rubber
Most synthetic rubber is created from two
materials , styrene and butadiene.
Both are currently obtained from petroleum .
Over a billion pounds of rubber was
manufactured in the united states in 1992.

18. Tries accounts for 60-70% of all natural and
synthetic rubber used .
Other products containing rubber include
footwear ,car belts ,flooring and cables.
Latex paints are a solution of colored
pigment and rubber latex.
Latex foam is made by beating air into the
latex before coagulating it.

19. •References.-
•Economic botany - B P Pandey.
•http;//www.firesyn .com.
•www.slide share.com

20. Thank you....