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Lecture Number -03
Cocoa cultivation
By
H.M.N.M.Watagodakumbura
Senior Lecturer
Hardy Advanced Technological Institute
Ampara
• Botanical name- Theobroma cacao
• Family- Sterculiaceae
• Origin- Mexico
• Total extent of cocoa is 2472ha
• Products and Uses
• Seeds are the source of commercial cocoa and the main final product
is the chocolate.
• Intermediate cocoa products are cocoa butter, cocoa liquor, cocoa
powder and cocoa cake.
• Cocoa Powder is used in Chocolates, Sweets, Ice creams, Bakery items
and Beverages.
• Cocoa butter is also used in manufacture of soap and cosmetics in
some countries.
Cocoa cultivation
• Major Growing Areas
• Suitable conditions for growing cocoa are found
• in the Central,
• North Western,
• Sabaragamuwa,
• Uva,
• Western and Southern provinces of Sri Lanka.
• Major growing districts- Kandy, Kaluthara , Badulla
Kurunegala, Kegalle and Monaragala
Cocoa cultivation
• Soils and Climatic needs
• Soil
 The best soils for cocoa are
 deep,
 well drained clay loams rich in organic matter.
 Scattered stones and pebbles are
 tolerable up to 40% of the surface of such soils.
 Unsuitable
 Coarse gravelly soils,
 sandy soils,
 shallow soils and soils underlain by slab rock or
hard laterite
 P.H.: 5-6.5 is recommended
Cocoa cultivation
Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao)
• Climate
Altitude : up to 600MSL
Temperature : Most suitable temperature-24 0 C– 27 0 C without much diurnal
variation
Rain fall: Annual average rainfall- 1650 -2500mm is recommended.
• More than 2750mm is not good having pod rot like fungal diseases.
• And Rainfall less than 1000mm is considered as dry period for the crop.
Atmospheric humidity: moist humid conditions
Frequent winds and strong winds - harmful as it decreases humidity
Shade- overhead shade (40-50%) is essential during first 03 years of growth.
Thereafter the shade can be removed with the spread of canopy - 25-30% shade is
adequate.
Altitude 600 MSL
Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao) Temperature 24 0 C - 27 0
C
Rainfall 1650 mm - 2500mm
Shade 40% - 50% -1st 3 years
25% - 30% - for grown
Cocoa cultivation
• If shade from old rubber, coconut or forest trees is
not available,
• quick growing trees such as
• banana,
• papaya or
• glyricidia - establish for temporary shade and
• dadap - for permanent shade.
• After 3years of temporary shade should be removed. If use banana , papaya,
gliricidia.
• Cocoa -the most important tree crop for under planting in coconut and rubber
• It is better to grow under coconut trees with lands of 40-50 trees/ac and coconut
trees should be less than 12 years old to get optimum shade levels.
•
Cocoa cultivation
Cocoa cultivation Temporary shading
Cocoa cultivation
Cocoa cultivation
Cocoa cultivation
Cocoa cultivation
• Planting materials
• Selection of good mother trees-
 Vigorous growth,
 Low growth habit
 Short plants makes easy to harvest and
pest control.,
 Resistant to pest and diseases.
 Seasonal bearing pattern,
 Bearing mostly on the trunk and lower
branches
 Over 70 pods/tree/year. Less 25 pods to
produce one kg of cured product of
cocoa.
• Varieties
• There are three main varieties as
• Criyollo,
• Forastero and
• Trinitario.
• In Sri Lanka “criollo” variety produce fine and flavour cocoa but
currently most of the cocoa found are crosses of above three main
varieties.
Characteristics Criollo Forestero
1.Pod colour Immature-Red-
green
Immature -
green
Mature- yellow
orange
Mature- yellow
2.Pod surface Smooth furrow Rough furrow
3. Yield low High
4.Pericarp Thin thick
5.Fermentation
period
3-4 days 6 days
Trinitario
The characters are in-
between Criollo and
forestero
• Crop establishment
• Propagation
 Seed propagation - normally used . Seed viability will be loss within
short period of time.
 Vegetative propagation -experimental studies.
 Bud grafted cocoa plants-in multiplying high yielding varieties.
• Seed Propagation
• 1. Pods, taken from selected cocoa lines, are opened to get fresh seeds
• 2. seeds are thoroughly washed and rubbed with dry sand to remove the
mucilage layer.
• 3.Seeds can be sown in a sand bed-
• Just after germination, sprouted seeds should be transferred into the polythene
bags.
•
• or
• can be directly planted in a poly bag with the size of 20cm x 10cm filled with
equal mixture of top soil, cow dung and sand.
• It takes about 8-10 days for germination.
• When the seedlings are about 3-4 months,
• and when they come a height of 30cm, they are ready for transplanting.

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Cocoa presentation part 1

  • 1. Lecture Number -03 Cocoa cultivation By H.M.N.M.Watagodakumbura Senior Lecturer Hardy Advanced Technological Institute Ampara
  • 2. • Botanical name- Theobroma cacao • Family- Sterculiaceae • Origin- Mexico • Total extent of cocoa is 2472ha
  • 3. • Products and Uses • Seeds are the source of commercial cocoa and the main final product is the chocolate. • Intermediate cocoa products are cocoa butter, cocoa liquor, cocoa powder and cocoa cake. • Cocoa Powder is used in Chocolates, Sweets, Ice creams, Bakery items and Beverages. • Cocoa butter is also used in manufacture of soap and cosmetics in some countries. Cocoa cultivation
  • 4. • Major Growing Areas • Suitable conditions for growing cocoa are found • in the Central, • North Western, • Sabaragamuwa, • Uva, • Western and Southern provinces of Sri Lanka. • Major growing districts- Kandy, Kaluthara , Badulla Kurunegala, Kegalle and Monaragala Cocoa cultivation
  • 5. • Soils and Climatic needs • Soil  The best soils for cocoa are  deep,  well drained clay loams rich in organic matter.  Scattered stones and pebbles are  tolerable up to 40% of the surface of such soils.  Unsuitable  Coarse gravelly soils,  sandy soils,  shallow soils and soils underlain by slab rock or hard laterite  P.H.: 5-6.5 is recommended Cocoa cultivation
  • 6. Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao) • Climate Altitude : up to 600MSL Temperature : Most suitable temperature-24 0 C– 27 0 C without much diurnal variation Rain fall: Annual average rainfall- 1650 -2500mm is recommended. • More than 2750mm is not good having pod rot like fungal diseases. • And Rainfall less than 1000mm is considered as dry period for the crop. Atmospheric humidity: moist humid conditions Frequent winds and strong winds - harmful as it decreases humidity Shade- overhead shade (40-50%) is essential during first 03 years of growth. Thereafter the shade can be removed with the spread of canopy - 25-30% shade is adequate. Altitude 600 MSL Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao) Temperature 24 0 C - 27 0 C Rainfall 1650 mm - 2500mm Shade 40% - 50% -1st 3 years 25% - 30% - for grown Cocoa cultivation
  • 7. • If shade from old rubber, coconut or forest trees is not available, • quick growing trees such as • banana, • papaya or • glyricidia - establish for temporary shade and • dadap - for permanent shade. • After 3years of temporary shade should be removed. If use banana , papaya, gliricidia. • Cocoa -the most important tree crop for under planting in coconut and rubber • It is better to grow under coconut trees with lands of 40-50 trees/ac and coconut trees should be less than 12 years old to get optimum shade levels. • Cocoa cultivation
  • 13. • Planting materials • Selection of good mother trees-  Vigorous growth,  Low growth habit  Short plants makes easy to harvest and pest control.,  Resistant to pest and diseases.  Seasonal bearing pattern,  Bearing mostly on the trunk and lower branches  Over 70 pods/tree/year. Less 25 pods to produce one kg of cured product of cocoa.
  • 14. • Varieties • There are three main varieties as • Criyollo, • Forastero and • Trinitario. • In Sri Lanka “criollo” variety produce fine and flavour cocoa but currently most of the cocoa found are crosses of above three main varieties.
  • 15. Characteristics Criollo Forestero 1.Pod colour Immature-Red- green Immature - green Mature- yellow orange Mature- yellow 2.Pod surface Smooth furrow Rough furrow 3. Yield low High 4.Pericarp Thin thick 5.Fermentation period 3-4 days 6 days Trinitario The characters are in- between Criollo and forestero
  • 16. • Crop establishment • Propagation  Seed propagation - normally used . Seed viability will be loss within short period of time.  Vegetative propagation -experimental studies.  Bud grafted cocoa plants-in multiplying high yielding varieties.
  • 17. • Seed Propagation • 1. Pods, taken from selected cocoa lines, are opened to get fresh seeds • 2. seeds are thoroughly washed and rubbed with dry sand to remove the mucilage layer. • 3.Seeds can be sown in a sand bed- • Just after germination, sprouted seeds should be transferred into the polythene bags. • • or • can be directly planted in a poly bag with the size of 20cm x 10cm filled with equal mixture of top soil, cow dung and sand. • It takes about 8-10 days for germination. • When the seedlings are about 3-4 months, • and when they come a height of 30cm, they are ready for transplanting.