Forest dynamics helps to understand several succession methods and to know about stand structure and development with forest based models like FORMIND, FORMIX, GRASMIND etc.,
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
Forest dynamics helps to understand several succession methods and to know about stand structure and development with forest based models like FORMIND, FORMIX, GRASMIND etc.,
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
Importance of non wood forest based industry in indianParvati Tamrakar
non- wood forest products, economic importance, socioeconomic benefits, tribal community, production and trade of nwfp- national and international, recent economic patterns of nwfp, india's noteworthy produce
Rising human populations are largely responsible for the environmental degradation that ecological restoration seeks to repair.
the discipline of ecological restoration is likely to face its greatest challenges at a time when human capital and economic resources will be inadequate for the scale of the problem.
Restoration of damaged ecosystems is receiving increasing attention worldwide as awareness increases that humanity must sustain ecosystem structure, functioning, and diversity for its own wellbeing.
Restoration rebuilds an ecosystem little different than the pristine ecosystem that was degraded. It is done to the physical environment and to plants in restoration.
Definition of ecosystem restoration: ‘the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed’.
, there are many approaches to restoration, and the choice of approach should arguably be based on –
1. which is most appropriate given the objectives.
2. which provides the greatest likelihood of success.
These efforts may be conducted on either a small-scale (e.g., tree planting) or
May involve major human and technical efforts (e.g., re-creation of wetlands, acid lake neutralization).
Principles For Restoration
KEY ACTIVITIES FOR ECOSYTEM RESTORSTION
Presented by Dr R Ramasubramanian, Director, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
Importance of non wood forest based industry in indianParvati Tamrakar
non- wood forest products, economic importance, socioeconomic benefits, tribal community, production and trade of nwfp- national and international, recent economic patterns of nwfp, india's noteworthy produce
Rising human populations are largely responsible for the environmental degradation that ecological restoration seeks to repair.
the discipline of ecological restoration is likely to face its greatest challenges at a time when human capital and economic resources will be inadequate for the scale of the problem.
Restoration of damaged ecosystems is receiving increasing attention worldwide as awareness increases that humanity must sustain ecosystem structure, functioning, and diversity for its own wellbeing.
Restoration rebuilds an ecosystem little different than the pristine ecosystem that was degraded. It is done to the physical environment and to plants in restoration.
Definition of ecosystem restoration: ‘the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed’.
, there are many approaches to restoration, and the choice of approach should arguably be based on –
1. which is most appropriate given the objectives.
2. which provides the greatest likelihood of success.
These efforts may be conducted on either a small-scale (e.g., tree planting) or
May involve major human and technical efforts (e.g., re-creation of wetlands, acid lake neutralization).
Principles For Restoration
KEY ACTIVITIES FOR ECOSYTEM RESTORSTION
Presented by Dr R Ramasubramanian, Director, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
Tree improvement | Techniques & PracticesAnand Charvin
Tree improvement relies on understanding and using variation that naturally occurs in tree populations.
This presentation aims to allow the users to learn about tree improvement and the techniques and practices.
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Mahnoor Imran
This presentation describes the plant succession, causes and its main types that is primary and secondary succession with examples in detail. It is related to the Ecology topic in Botany.
A comprehensive presentation about tannin , tannin yielding plants and plant parts from where they are obtained.
Use full for forestry students and others who want to know about non wood forest products.
Patterns of environment variation in speciesAnand Charvin
Variation in diversity patterns during succession in plants communities are due to the effects of selection on life history strategies under natural disturbances to plant community.
This presentation deals with the same.
Presentation about the importance of canopy management & the practices followed in the process of canopy management.
Presentation for academic purposes.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. What is Succession and it types.
• The natural process by which different group or community colonize the
same area over a period of time in a definite sequence.
• Primary Succession : A primitive substratum without any previous living
matter, is know as the primary succession.
• Secondary Succession : Starts from previously build up substratum where
living matter already exists.
• Xerach Succession : Succession which happens in land
• Hydrarch Succession : succession which starts from a watery stage.
3. Primary succession: The gradual establishment, through
stages, of a climax ecosystem, that has not been occupied
before.
4. The stages of succession [Xerach]
Sand Dunes with Grass Herb's taking over Shrub’s on the way..
Climax Stage (Forest)Small trees
5. Secondary succession: The reestablishment, through stages, of a
climax ecosystem, that has been cleared by natural or human
means.
6. Stages of Hydrach Succession
Phytoplankton
Submerged Floating Rooted submerged
Reed swamp
Marsh meadow
Wood land Climax forest
7. Common Terminologies
• Pioneer stage: First stage in a succession which is dominated by
opportunist species.
• Climax stage: Final stage in a succession where all species are in balance.
For example: A mature forest
• Climax community: Populations of organisms living together in the climax
stage.
Xerach : The evolution of bare ground to forest.
Hydrach : Succession which involves a water body which gradually turns
to forest in the climax stage.
8. Plant Competition
• Competition between plants may be less noticeable than competition
between animals but it still takes place.
• Do you know for what plants compete for?
LIGHT WATER MINERALS SPACE
9. less competition
population
rises
population
falls
more
competition
What is the importance of Competition?
• To maintain the threshold, competition is required.
• The Survival of the fittest and natural selection is applied.
• Very essential for the yield of High quality and strong plants.
• Maintains the population level.
10. Surviving the competition
• Plants can adapt to survive in different condition.
• Plant adaptations also help in competition.
• Modifications of steam, roots, leaves etc.
• Deep roots helps in absorption and helps in stabilizing the plant.
• Strong bark will protect from animals.
• Thus Structural and Behavioral Adaptations helps in surviving the
competition for food, water, minerals and space.