India can be divided into nine main phytogeographic regions based on uniform climatic conditions and vegetation types. These include the Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Indus Plain, Gangetic Plain, Assam Valley, Central India, Malabar, Deccan, and the Andaman and Nicobar Bay Islands. Each region has distinct climate patterns such as rainfall and temperature, as well as characteristic plant species and vegetation zones ranging from alpine to tropical forests.

1. PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF
INDIA
-RIYA SANJAY BAGHELE
NAGPUR

2. • INTRODUCTION :
• A phytogeographic region is defined as an area of
uniform climatic conditions and having a distinctly
recognizable type of vegetation .
• A plant geography is a very large subject and india is a
vast country with a rich variety of climate and
vegetation.
• The main aim and objective of plant geography is to
record and then to explain the distribution of plants on
the surface of earth.

3. ACCCORDING TO D. CHATTARJEE [1962],
INDIEGIONSA IS DIVIDED INTO NINE
PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS.
• 1]Western Himalayas
• 2]Eastern Himalayas
• 3]Indus plain
• 4]Gangetic plain
• 5]Assam valley
• 6]Central India
• 7]Malabar
• 8]Deccan
• 9]Andaman and Nicobar bay island

5. WESTERN HIMALAYAS
• This region comprise of north and south Kashmir , part of Punjab and kumaon
region of uttaranchal.
• Average annual rainfall in this region is 100- 200cm.
• The region is wet in outer southern ranges and slightly dry in the inner areas.
• At high altitude, snowfall occurs during winter.
• This region is subdivided into three zones.
• A] Subtropical zone
• B] Temperate zone
• C] Alpine zone

6. EASTERN HIMALAYAS
• This is extending from Sikkim to upper Assam , darjeelin ,and NEFA, .
• The vegetation of this region is differs from western Himalayas.
• The chief difference is due to changed environmental factors as heavy mansoon
rainfall , less snowfall , and high temperature and humidity.
• This region can also be divided into three zones :
• A] Submontane zone
• B]Temperate zone
• C]Alpine zone

7. • INDUS PLAIN :
• This region is comprise a part of Punjab , delhi, rajasthan,and a part of Gujrat and
cutch.
• The climate has very dry and hot summer alternating with dry and cold winter.
• The annual rainfall is generally less than 70 cm ad may be 10-15cm in some areas.
• The vegetation today consist of tropical thorn forest and grassland in some areas.
• Acacia Arabica, Salvadora are common plants.
• GANGETIC PLAIN:
• This region covers a part of delhi, uttar Pradesh, bihar, west bangal ,and part of Orissa.
• Average rainfall ranges from 50cm to 150 cm from east to west.
• The vegetation consist of dry deciduous forest, thorn forest, and mangrove forest.
• Rhizopora, ceriops, and many other species are found.

8. • ASSAM :
• The region covers most of the assam
• The climate is characterized by high temperature and rainfall.
• The vegetation consist of tropical evergreen and wet temperate forestin the lower
plains while hilly tracts up to 1700m altitude have subtropical pine forest.
• Albizzeia procera are very common.
• CENTRAL INDIA
• This region comprise of part of Orissa, Madhya pardesh, vindhyan region and
Gujrat.
• The areas are mostly hilly with some places at 500-700m altitude.
• Biotic disturbance are very common in this region resulting in degration of forest
into thorny forest in open area.
• Tropical thorn forest are found in the areas of annual rainfall below 125cm.
• In this region tectona grandis is very common.

9. • MALABAR:
• This is small region extending from Gujrat to Kanyakumari along western ghats.
• The climate is warm humid having annual rainfall over 400 cm.
• The climate is tropical on the coasts and temprate in the hills .
• The vegetation consist of tropical wet evergreen and moist deciduous forest.
• Wet temperature forest are present in nilgiri while mangrove forest are found in the
saline swamps on the coast.
• Euria, Michelia , and gordonta , are important species.
• DECCAN:
• The region comprise of southern peninsular india from southern Madhya pardesh up to
Kanyakumari excluding the western ghats.
• The average annual rainfall in the region is abut 100cm.
• The vegetation consist of tropical dry evergreen , dry deciduous and swamps forest.
• Strychonos ,Eugenia , are important species .

10. BAY ISLAND ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR:
This region includes Andaman and Nicobar islands.
The climate of the region is warm and humid with very high temperature and annual
rainfall.
The vegetation consist of littoral mangrove, evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous
forest.
Important species Calophyllum, Dipterocarpus , etc.

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