Succession
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The document discusses succession and characteristics of northeast forests. It notes that primary succession occurs on new surfaces like lava flows, while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land. It then describes northeast forests as a temperate ecosystem that receives over 40 inches of rain annually, causing high levels of mineral leaching. Most northeast forests are under 100 years old and lack diversity, as old growth is rare and fragmented. Prairies and savannas have also been largely lost, eliminating many early and mid succession environments. The forests have also experienced over 250 years of near complete fire suppression.
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08 succession
Succession is the gradual change over time in the species that form a community. Primary succession occurs in areas with no soil or plants, beginning with pioneer species like lichens that help form soil. Over time, mosses, herbs, and larger plants establish, building more complex communities as soil and nutrients accumulate. Secondary succession follows disturbances that remove existing species, allowing survivors and new colonizers to repopulate the area through similar successional stages.
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1. Forest succession is the gradual replacement of one community of plants by another, usually driven by differences in shade tolerance. Pioneer species that colonize first are shade-intolerant, while climax species that eventually remain are most shade tolerant.
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3. Forest succession can be influenced by disturbances like clearing or fire that allow pioneers to grow, while lack of disturbance allows climax species suited to the location to persist indefinitely.
Succession
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Succession Definitions
Ecological succession is the orderly progression of a vegetation community through developmental stages over time, eventually reaching a climax community. The key stages are:
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Ecological succession (1)
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Succession
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PRECIPITATION:
is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water that falls under gravity from clouds.
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Forest succession
1. Forest succession is the gradual replacement of one community of plants by another, usually driven by differences in shade tolerance. Pioneer species that colonize first are shade-intolerant, while climax species that eventually remain are most shade tolerant.
2. In an eastern deciduous forest, pioneer species like black locust and loblolly pine establish first following clearing before being replaced by oak trees with intermediate tolerance and later more tolerant maple and beech.
3. Forest succession can be influenced by disturbances like clearing or fire that allow pioneers to grow, while lack of disturbance allows climax species suited to the location to persist indefinitely.
Succession
This presentation elaborates on primary and secondary succession concepts presented in Chapter 6 of your text.
Succession Definitions
Ecological succession is the orderly progression of a vegetation community through developmental stages over time, eventually reaching a climax community. The key stages are:
1) Pioneer species first colonize the bare ground, exploiting the lack of competition. Moss and other low-growing plants are common pioneers.
2) After a few years, competition and environmental changes increase as the number of species grows. Soil develops, temperatures moderate, and nutrients rise with more complex food webs and larger herbivores present.
3) Further successional stages occur until a stable climax community is reached that is in equilibrium with the local climate and environment. In the UK, deciduous oak woodland is a common climax community
Ecological succession & cycles of matter
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Ecological Succession and Community Interactions
Ecological succession describes the predictable changes in communities over time. Primary succession occurs on new surfaces without soil, while secondary succession follows a disturbance with existing soil. Succession proceeds through stages from pioneer species to a climax community. Invasive species can disrupt normal succession. Community interactions include predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Early successional communities have simpler structures and functions than late successional communities.
Succession
There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. Primary succession occurs on new bare rock from volcanic eruptions or retreating glaciers, beginning with pioneer organisms like lichens and progressing to slower growing tree species. This ends in a climax community, such as an oak-hickory forest in Ohio. Secondary succession follows a disturbance to an existing community from fires or farming, and the disturbed area undergoes similar changes through replacement of species until a climax community is reached again. Small ponds also undergo succession as they fill in over time.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
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Vegetative propagation
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Vegetative propagation 1
Vegetative propagation is an important technique in modern Indian agriculture to increase crop yields. It involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds. The key types of vegetative propagation discussed are cuttings, layering, and grafting. Cuttings involve propagating plants from stem, root, or leaf cuttings taken from a mother plant. Layering causes a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Grafting involves joining tissue from one plant onto another to propagate commercially important crops like mangoes. Vegetative propagation allows for mass production of plants with desired traits and is widely used in horticultural nurseries.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in species composition of an ecological community over time. There are two main types: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. Succession will continue through different stages as species colonize an area and change the environment, eventually reaching a climax community that is stable and able to reproduce itself until the next disturbance. Humans can impact ecological succession through activities like agriculture that clear land and disrupt existing ecosystems.
Ecosystems - Succession and Key Terms
The document provides definitions and concepts related to ecosystems, including:
1. Definitions of ecosystems and their structure, including biomass and dead organic matter.
2. Functions of ecosystems, including energy and nutrient flows through photosynthesis, trophic levels, and nutrient recycling.
3. Plant succession and how plant communities change over time from pioneer to climax species in response to changing environmental conditions.
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Breeding method for clonal propagation crops, apomixis and clonal selection
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Similar to Succession
Effect of Precipatation on Distribution of Plants.pptx
Useful for the students who wants to study this topic & enhances the knowledge for a specific topic.
PRECIPITATION:
is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water that falls under gravity from clouds.
The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor (reaching 100% relative humidity), so that the water condenses and "precipitates". Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate.
Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air.
REASON FOR CHANGE IN PRECIPITATION: There are many reasons for changes in precipitation. The leading cause is a change in temperature. Many scientists believe an increase in temperature could lead to a more intense water cycle. The rates of evaporation from soils and water, as well as transpiration from plants, could increase. The amount of precipitation could also increase. Predicted changes in the water cycle differ according to the region of the planet being examined. Many scientists believe rates of evaporation will be greater than precipitation in the middle latitudes such as the United States. This could result in drier summers in these regions. Of course, predicted changes in the water cycle also differ according to the climate. EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION ON PLANTS: Precipitation, especially rain, has a dramatic effect on plants distribution. All plants need at least some water to survive, therefore rain (being the most effective means of watering) is important to agriculture. While a regular rain pattern is usually vital to healthy plants, too much or too little rainfall can be harmful, even devastating to crops. Drought can kill crops and increase erosion, while overly wet weather can cause harmful fungus growth. Plants need varying amounts of rainfall to survive. For example, certain cacti require small amounts of water, while tropical plants may need up to hundreds of inches of rain per year to survive. In areas with wet and dry seasons, soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases during the wet season.
DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS IN DIFFERENT BIOMES: The geographical distribution (and productivity) of the plants in the various biomes is controlled primarily by the climatic variables precipitation and temperature. There are 8 major terrestrial biomes >Tropical Rain Forest >Tropical Savanna > Deserts >Grass Lands > Chaparral > Temperate Deciduous Forests > Temperate Boreal Forests > Artic And Alpine Tundra Each biome plants have different adaptation to survive in that environment.
Tundra means marshy plain. The geographical distribution of the tundra biome is largely poleward of 60° North latitude.
The tundra biome is characterized by an absence of trees, the presence of dwarf plants
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a brief and fascinating insight into the rain forests of the world, which are of 2 types; Tropical, and Temperate.
DIFFERENT BIOMES HABITATES
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Climates and landscapes on the Earth
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Rainforests of the world with images and explanation
Rainforests are dense, warm forests that exist in tropical regions near the equator. They contain a high level of biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services like producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide. However, rainforests are being destroyed at a rapid pace due to activities like farming, ranching, and logging. This destruction threatens the unique plants and animals that live in rainforests and could significantly impact the global climate. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these important ecosystems.
Kinds of ecosystem and communities
Here are the answers to the quiz:
1. Temperature
2. Precipitation
3. Elevation
4. Australian desert
5. A forest occurring in tropical areas of heavy rain.
6. Chaparral
7. Tundra
8. Arctic fox
9. Grassland receives between 25- 75 cm of rain annually while savanna receives 50-150 cm.
10. Savanna has scattered trees while grassland does not have trees.
Biosphere: Biome
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geoography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Plant and animal abodes lecture 4
The document discusses ecosystems and communities. It defines succession as the regular changes in community structure over time. Succession can be primary, starting with no organisms, or secondary, starting with a disturbed existing ecosystem. Biomes are large terrestrial climax communities determined primarily by climate factors like temperature and precipitation. Major biomes described include deserts, grasslands, savannas, rainforests, and forests. Aquatic ecosystems are shaped by factors like water depth, temperature, and salt content, and include estuaries, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Human impacts like agriculture, logging, and pollution are discussed for many ecosystems.
Biogeography Presentation.pptx
The document provides an overview of 7 major terrestrial biomes: tropical wet forests, temperate forests, subtropical deserts, chaparral, temperate grasslands, boreal forests, and arctic tundra. Each biome is characterized by distinct temperature and precipitation patterns that support unique plant and animal communities adapted to those environmental conditions. The document describes the dominant vegetation, temperature ranges, precipitation levels, and other defining features of each terrestrial biome.
Ldb Permacultura_Kent dryland strategies 2
The document discusses dryland strategies for establishing vegetation in arid environments. It focuses on reducing evaporation through techniques like planting windbreaks and adding mulch to increase soil moisture and plant growth. Key strategies include establishing deep-rooted pioneer trees with irrigation, directing runoff to infiltrate soils, and harvesting water in swales and dams. The document also provides guidelines for desert housing and settlements, emphasizing passive cooling methods and water conservation.
Ldb Permacultura_Kent dryland strategies
Dryland strategies focus on reducing evaporation through increasing soil life and plant cycles. This decreases evaporation via shade, wind buffering, and mulch additions. This improves water cycling efficiency for plant establishment. Techniques include reducing wastewater, managing flood flows, and runoff. Pioneer trees need mulch and drip irrigation for wind buffering and mulch production. Summer is a slow period with heat and water stress, so fertilizers are added in winter. Desert housing requires cooling in summer and warmth in winter through features like courtyards, evaporation, and ventilation strategies.
Biomes ecology
The document describes the major biomes found on Earth, including aquatic and terrestrial biomes. It provides details on the defining characteristics, climates, soils, and common plant and animal species found in freshwater, marine, desert, grassland, forest, tundra and other biomes. Biomes are grouped based on whether they are primarily aquatic or terrestrial, and further broken down by specific biome type within those groups.
Biomes ecology
The document describes several major biomes including aquatic and terrestrial biomes. The aquatic biome includes freshwater regions like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and wetlands as well as marine regions like oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Terrestrial biomes described include deserts, chaparral, savannas, temperate grasslands, temperate rain forests, tropical rain forests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, and tundra. Each biome is characterized by its climate, soil, and dominant plant and animal species.
Biomes of SA Moodle.pdf
The document describes the different biomes found in South Africa, including desert, forest, scarp forest, fynbos, grassland, Nama Karoo, savanna, succulent karoo, and thicket biomes. Each biome is characterized by its dominant plant life and climate. The desert biome experiences summer rainfall and annual grasses. Forests occur where rainfall is over 525mm and are dominated by evergreen trees. Fynbos is located in the Cape Floristic Region and contains a high diversity of plant species. Grasslands experience regular burning and are dominated by grasses and geophytes.
boimes nice ppt.pptx
The document defines and describes the major biomes of the world, including aquatic, desert, forest, grassland, tundra, and rainforest biomes. It provides details on the key physical features, animals, vegetation, climate, seasons and threats for each biome. The aquatic biome is further divided into saltwater and freshwater habitats. The forest biome includes temperate forests, taiga/boreal forests, and rainforests. Grasslands contain savannas and temperate grasslands.
Prashant tiwarip geography ppt
India has huge plant and animal diversity due to its varied temperature, sunlight, rainfall, soil and terrain. Some of the major vegetation types in India include tropical rain forests along the western coasts with tall trees like ebony and mahogany; tropical deciduous forests in central India with teak and sal trees; thorny scrub in low rainfall areas; and tidal mangrove forests along river deltas home to Sundari trees. Alpine and tundra vegetation is found above 3,600 meters featuring silver firs, pines and birches.
Africa climate and vegetation
Africa has a variety of climates and vegetation zones due to its large size and location straddling the equator. The northern part experiences hot summers while the southern part has warm summers and mild winters. Deserts cover 60% of the continent, including the Sahara and Namib deserts. Vegetation ranges from equatorial rainforests along the coast with hardwood trees, vines, and dense undergrowth, to open savannahs with tall grasses and scattered acacia trees in the tropical grasslands, and short grasses and poplar trees in the temperate grasslands. Wildlife is also diverse and includes elephants, lions, and chimpanzees in the forests, and herbivores
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