The document summarizes the major plant organs and structures. It discusses roots, shoots, stems, leaves, buds, and reproductive organs. It also defines different plant habits including annual, biennial, perennial, herb, vine, liana, shrub, tree, and describes different environments plants can grow in such as terrestrial, aquatic, floating, emergent and epiphytic.

1. Plant Structure By: Geonyzl L. Alviola

2. Plant organs The major organs of vascular plants are: - Roots - Shoots

3. Roots Present in all vascular plants Typically function as anchorage and absorption of water and minerals Consist of apical meristem that give rise to: - root cap - root hairs - lateral roots - central endodermis vascular

5. Shoot Consist of apical meristems that would give rise to leaves, stem and other organs.

6. Stem A cylindrical organ that bears the leaves Typically function for conduction of water and minerals Support and elevation of some leaves and reproductive structures

7. Leaf Organ of the shoot that is dorsiventrally flattened Usually function for : - transpiration - photosynthesis Derived from leaf primordia Vascular plants, have many vascular bundles while mosses, the gametophytic leaves contains costa.

8. Buds Are immature shoot system Located in the axils of the leaves But may grow lateral vegetative branches Or reprodutive structure

9. Plant reproductive organs In non-vascular plants - sporangium – the basic spore-forming

10. Plant reproductive organs In heterosporous plants - male (microsporangium)‏ - female (megasporangium)‏ CAPSULE, sprorangium of liverwort, mosses and hornworts CONE or strobilus

11. Plant reproductive organs Flower for angiosperms, bearing sporophylls: - stamen and carpels Ovule is a megasporangium enveloped by one or more protective integuments. Seed. - a mature ovule

12. Plant Habit Refers to the general form of a plant: 1. herb 2. liana 3. vine 4. shrub 5. tree

13. Definition of terms Annual – a plant that completes its cycle in one year (during which time it germinates, flowers, produces seeds and dies)‏ example : sunflower Biennial – a plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its cycle. During the first year it builds up food reserves, which are used during the second year in the production of flowers and seeds example : carrot

14. Perennial – a plant that lives for a number of years. Woody have permanent aerial form which continue to grow year after year. Examples : Mango tree, Talisay tree Ephemeral – an annual plant that complete its life cycle in less than one growing season. Examples: weeds , desert plants (completing their life cycle in a short period following rain)‏

15. Herb A plant in which any aboveground shoots, whether vegetative or reproductive. Short in height

16. Vine A plant with weak, elongated stems Generally supported by means of scrambling, twining, tendrils or roots. It may either be annual or perennial Herbaceous or woody

17. Liana A vine that is perennial and woody

18. Shrub A perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising at ground level. distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height

19. Tree Generally tall perennial plants Having one main stem arising at ground level

20. Plant Habit Refers to the general environment where the plant is growing : - terrestrial - emersed - aquatic - floating - epiphytic - emergent - saxicolous

21. Terrestrial

22. Aquatic (emersed)‏ Occuring underwater (the whole body)‏

23. Aquatic (Floating)‏ Occuring at the water surface. Duck weed

24. Aquatic (Emergent)‏ Having roots or stems anchored to the substrate under water and aerial shoots growing above water.

25. cattail

26. Epiphytic Growing on another plant