The document discusses planning for teaching through schemes of work and lesson plans. It explains that schemes of work involve breaking down the syllabus into logical units and sequencing topics. They include objectives, resources, teaching activities, learning activities, and evaluation. Lesson plans detail activities for a single lesson and include objectives, resources, methodology, presentation of activities, and assessment. Careful planning is important for effective teaching and learning.

1. By Jamlick Bosire:
New Horizon Consultancy
Services
ojamlick@yahoo.com
Oct. 2015

2. It is not wise to carry out any
task without planning. If you
carry out a task without
planning you are bound to fail.
Teaching in the classroom
requires careful planning of
not only what to teach, but
also how to teach.

3. Scheme of work may be defined
as a long term plan by the
teacher.
It shows the content to be taught
at a particular time, and the
teaching and learning activities
for each lesson to be taught.

4. 1. It breaks the syllabus into units
easy to teach
2. Rearranges the content so that
closely related topics are put
together and arranged in a logical
manner
3. Shows in advance what will be
taught and when and will help you
to arrange the necessary teaching
resources.

5. 1. The syllabus
2. The intellectual level of the learners
3. Availability of learning resources
4. Public holidays
5. weather

6. In Kenya the syllabus is written by the Kenya
Institute of Education.
It contains the:
1. National goals of education
2. Objectives of education
3. Aims, broad and specific objectives of teaching
each subject
4. Content to be taught in class for every subject
5. Approximate time required for each area to be
covered.
N/B: The syllabus unifies the content taught
in the schools in the country

7. If the children not very quick in
learning, then the scheme of work
should have simple learning
activities. If the children are bright,
the learning activities will be
challenging to reflect this
The activities and teaching aids for
younger children in lower levels will
be simpler than those for older
children in upper levels

8. Teaching resources are essential in
the teaching and learning process. It
is important therefore to consider
what teaching resources are
available when writing a scheme of
work.
This enables you to choose the
appropriate activities for the lesson
on the basis of what is available.

9. The foundation of Christianity is Jesus
Christ and His injunction is to “love
one another as I have loved you.” In
the Gospel of Matthew, a Pharisee
tests Jesus with a question:
“Teacher, which is the greatest
commandment in the Law?” Jesus
replies, “ ‘Love the Lord your God
with all your heart and with all your
soul and with all your mind.’ This is
the first and greatest commandment.

10. And the second is like it: ‘Love your
neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and
the Prophets hang on these two
commandments.” Love is the
foundational virtue in Christians’
relationships with God and with other
Christians and non-Christians alike.

11. When writing a scheme of work,
consider how many public holidays
fall on school days. It is wise not to
scheme for these days.
For unforeseen holidays it is advisable
that you allow about 10% of the time
allocated in the timetable.

12. For some subjects, such as science,
some teaching resources are only
available during certain seasons. So
when scheming, it is wise to plan to
teach certain topics at times when
the necessary resources will be
easily available. For example,
particular flowers are only available
at certain times and not others.

13. A scheme of work has seven components i.e.
1. Time
2. Topic
3. Objectives
4. Resources
5. teaching activities
6. Learning activities
7. Remarks

14. This is the time when the content
planned is to be taught. It appears in
the first column of the scheme of work
specifically as week, lesson and date.
This is the week when the lesson when
the lesson will be taught, this is
indicated whether it is the first, second,
third or fourth lesson in the subject in
the week, and the specific date. For
example, week 3, lesson 2 to be taught
on 13/10/2015

15. Topic is the broad content, while
sub-topic is the specific content
to be discussed in the lesson, for
example, place value.
They appear in the second column
and will help you formulate your
instructional objectives.

16. These are the objectives of the lesson. That
is, what the learner should be able to do by
the end of the lesson.
Instructional objectives appear in the third
column of the scheme of work. These help
you plan the learning activities.
Stop and think reflectively! Why
objectives?
Objectives tell us “where we want to go”
without which we might never get there.

17. The aids and reference materials
you use in class are the teaching
and learning resources. The
resources should be well thought
out to cater for the learners’
needs.

18. In the 5th
column you list down, in
chronological order, the activities that
you, the teacher, will carry out during
the lesson. These are your activities,
which should stimulate, challenge
and encourage the learners so that
they carry out the planned learning
activities during the lesson.

19. The 6th
column of the scheme of work
contains the activities which the
children will be expected to do during
the lesson.
They are listed in chronological order
and corresponds to teaching activities.
The importance of listing the teaching
and the learning activities in the
scheme of work is for you to anticipate
the flow of your lesson well in advance

20. The 7th
and final column of the scheme
of work is the evaluation remarks in
regard to the lesson.
You indicate in this column whether the
lesson was taught or not, and if taught
whether it was successful or not.
It is important to justify your opinion i.e.
explain why you think your lesson was
a success or not and what you intend
to do in future, about it.

21. A lesson plan may be defined as a set
of learning/teaching activities for the
pupils, to be carried out within a
defined time.
A lesson plan usually covers a single,
or double lesson, or a day for ECDE
and the learning activities are
arranged in a chronological pattern
and defined by steps.

22. • Lesson objectives
• Teaching/learning resources and
teaching aids
• Methodology (teaching methods and
skills)
• The teaching/learning activities
presentation
• Lesson assessment and evaluation

23. You need to choose appropriate teaching
method to use in delivery of the plan.
One can choose from the following methods:
• Discovery or activity method
• Demonstration method
• Discussion method
• Group project method
• Lecture method
• Question and answer method
• Excursion method

24. Whichever teaching method you may use it
involves one or more of the following skills.
These skills are the vehicles, or means by which
you implement your teaching method:
• Use of examples
• Repetition
• Divergent questions
• Probing questions
• Higher order questions
• Reinforcement
• Non-verbal cuing
• Set induction (or introduction)
• Stimulus variation
• Closure or conclusion