Piaget developed four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. In the preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7, children develop symbolic thinking and language skills but are still egocentric. Studies have shown that how questions are asked can impact whether young children can demonstrate conservation, understanding that quantities remain the same despite changes in appearance. Piaget's theory was influential but had limitations such as underestimating the impact of culture and skills being learned through social interaction rather than isolated development.