Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
The Fick principle
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
The manual muscle testing procedure was described in this power point, indications, contraindications, limitations of MMT was included. the MMT grading system (scale) was explained well in this PPT.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Goniometry is the measuring of angles created by the bones of the body at the joints.1, 2, 3
The term goniometry is derived from two Greek words, gonia meaning angle and metron, meaning measure. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
System to measure the joint ranges in each plane of the joint is termed goniometry. 4
These measurements are done with instrument such as goniometer, a tape measure, inclinometers or by visual estimate.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
The manual muscle testing procedure was described in this power point, indications, contraindications, limitations of MMT was included. the MMT grading system (scale) was explained well in this PPT.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Goniometry is the measuring of angles created by the bones of the body at the joints.1, 2, 3
The term goniometry is derived from two Greek words, gonia meaning angle and metron, meaning measure. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
System to measure the joint ranges in each plane of the joint is termed goniometry. 4
These measurements are done with instrument such as goniometer, a tape measure, inclinometers or by visual estimate.
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Physiology of Exercise for course work Dr. BAMU.pptxshatrunjaykote
Physiology of exercise: Cardiovascular System; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Miracles of Heart; Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular System; CALCULATIONS OF CARDIAC SYSTEM; HOW FIT ARE YOU REALLY?What is your resting Heart Rate?; Respiratory System; Mechanism of Respiration - Inhalation and exhalation; Exchange of Gases in Alveoli; Terminology Related to Respiratory System; Functions of Respiratory System; Miracles of Respiratory System; MONITORY CALCULATIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; HOW FIT ARE YOU REALLY?How efficient are your lungs?; TEST YOUR FITNESSCheck your respiratory system; Climatic Conditions and Sports Performance; Altitude Training;
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Heart failure is an imprecise term used to describe the state that developes when the heart cannot maintain an adequate cardiac output or can do so only at the expense of and elevated filling pressure.
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2. • Exercise induces more activity in the whole
body almost every system of the body
affected by exercise.
• Incresing muscular activity demands the
more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to
the muscular tissue.
3. ThisCan be
Done with the
help of other
BodySystems.
By increasing Heart rate
By increasing blood pressure
By increasingCardia output
By increasing venous return
By reducing blood flow to the inactive muscles and non-vital
organs
Redistribution of Blood supply from non-vitals to vitals.
4. Topics to be
covered
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
5. Changes in
Cardio-
Vascular
System
Effects on heart : becomes enlarged. It is not disease, its just physiological change.
Effects on heart rate: due to cerebral activation, athletes may have
decreased HR.
Effect on cardiac output: increases up to 30liter per minute.
Effect on venous return: increases.
Effects on blood pressure: increases, due to vasoconstriction and
increased HR.
Effects on circulation: increases.
• During physical activity several changes take place to increase blood flow to active
muscle.Greater blood flow to muscles increases delivery of things needed for
metabolism to occur (oxygen, glucose, triglyceride) and expedites the removal of
products generated during metabolism (carbon dioxide).
6. Oxygen Delivery toTissue
Oxygen delivery to tissue depends on two major factors:
• the amount of oxygen tissue takes out of a given amount of
blood, and
• the amount of blood flowing through the tissue.
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
• It is the difference between the amount of oxygen in 100 mL
of arterial blood entering a tissue and the amount of oxygen
in 100 mL of venous blood leaving a tissue.
• During exercise, more oxygen is taken out of the blood by
metabolically active muscle, which increases the a-v O2 diff
7. Oxygen Delivery = Blood Flow × a-v O2 diff
• Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( O2 ) is a product of
blood flow multiplied by a-v O2 diff.
• This calculation is termed the Fick equation.To determine
oxygen consumption for the entire body using the Fick
equation, cardiac output ( ) represents blood flow.
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
8. • The Fick principle
• “Oxygen Delivery = Blood Flow × a-v O2 difference for
the entire body or for a specifi c tissue or organ.
• In the case of oxygen consumption for the entire body,
the Fick principle results in the following equation:
VO2 = Q × a-v O2 diff
9. Redistribution
of Blood Flow
During
Exercise
As exercise intensity increases, blood flow is diverted from tissues
that can temporarily tolerate a decrease in flow, such as the
kidneys, visceral organs, and splanchnic tissues, and is instead
directed toward active skeletal muscle
During light and moderate exercise, blood flow to the skin
increases to help moderate an elevation in body temperature but
during maximal exercise, skin blood flow decreases, resulting in a
redirection of blood flow to active muscle.
During exercise, the heart, similar to skeletal muscle, performs
more work than at rest and, therefore, requires more oxygen.
Thus, myocardial blood flow increases approximately four to five
times above rest during maximal exercise.
11. ExtrinsicControl
of
Vasoconstriction
andVasodilation
Adrenergic sympathetic neural stimulation is the basis
of extrinsic control of vasoconstriction and
vasodilation. Sympathetic nerves release
norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter
released by sympathetic nerves innervating peripheral
blood vessels, and affects primarily receptors (alpha
receptors), causing vasoconstriction.
On the other hand, epinephrine affects receptors,
causing both vasoconstriction and vasodilation (beta 2
receptors).Thus, the amount of vasoconstriction and
vasodilation depends on a balance of these two stimuli.
12. IntrinsicControl
of
Vasoconstriction
andVasodilation
Changes within skeletal muscle during exercise
stimulate muscle chemoreceptors, resulting in an
increase in vasodilation because of a reflex change in
neural sympathetic stimulation.
This intrinsic control of vasoconstriction and
vasodilation is termed autoregulation.
13. Another is
Increasing
Venous Return
during exercise, in order to help increase stroke volume
and cardiac output and, thus, blood flow to tissue.
These factors are venoconstriction, the muscle pump,
and the respiratory pump.
14. Muscle Pump
The muscle pump is a mechanism through which rhythmic muscle
contractions aid the venous return of blood to the heart. Large
veins contain one-way valves that allow blood fl ow only toward
the heart
15. Venoconstriction
At rest, venous vessels contain approximately 65% of
the body’s total blood volume. So, venous vessels can
be viewed as storage reservoirs or capacitance blood
vessels that contain a high volume of blood at a
relatively low pressure.
sympathetic stimulation causing venoconstriction, or
constriction of veins, which would increase venous
return to the heart.
However, the veins of skeletal muscle may not receive
suffi cient sympathetic stimulation to substantially
increase venous return.Thus, only the veins located in
tissues other than skeletal muscle may contribute to an
increase in venous return
16.
17. Changes in
Respiration
System
During exercise, capillary gas exchange at the alveoli and muscle tissue
increases to meet the greater needs for oxygen delivery and carbon
dioxide removal.To increase capillary gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation
increases
18. Effect on
Respiratory
rate
The oxygen demand during exercise increses the
respiratory rate.
There are factors which can cause this:
1. Incresed metabolic waste and carbon dioxide gas at
tissue level, which concentrates on both cell level
and vessel level.
2. Proprioceptive activation at joint level. Which
indicates body to work more to achive the demand.
3. Reflex effect by respiratory center at brain level.
4. Adrenaline secretion.Which is indicative as do or die.
Body itself increses activity under the effect of
adrenaline.
5. Incresed temperature due to exercise, autoregulation
effects respiration to maintain temperature of body
by increasing blood flow and sweating.
19. Thank you !
Refference book: Exercise Physiology- IntegratingTheory and Application
( William J. Kraemer, Steven J. Fleck, Michael R. Deschenes)
.