The document provides information about taping techniques used in physiotherapy. It discusses: 1) The principles and purposes of taping, which include immobilizing joints to reduce pain and aid recovery while allowing some functional mobility. 2) The various materials used for taping like tape, underwrap, adhesive remover, scissors, powder, pads, and adhesive spray. 3) Different taping techniques like Kinesio taping, McConnell taping, Mulligan taping and their specific applications and characteristics. 4) Guidelines for proper taping including cleaning the skin, applying underwrap to sensitive skin, and positioning the joint in its range of motion.

1. PRESENTED BY :
DR.DEEPAK RAGHAV
PRINCIPAL/HOD
SANTOSH COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
SANTOSH MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL,
GHAZIABAD

2. INTRODUCTION
 Taping is a form of strapping. It is the procedure
that uses tape, attached to the skin, to physically
keep in place muscle or bone at a certain position to
reduce pain and aids recovery.
 It is a form of partial immobilization of joint.
which allow for a certain level of functional
mobility.

3.  Prevention or recurrence of injury.
 Supporting the ligaments, tendons and muscles to
protect the further injury.
 It limit the excessive or unwanted movement of
unstable joints.
 It protect and support the injured structure in
functional position.
 It enhances proprioception of limb and joints.
 It enhances kinesthesia.

4. TAPING PRINCIPLES
 How did the injury occur?
 What structures were damaged?
 What tissues need protection and support?
 What movements must be restricted?
 Is the injury acute and chronic?
 Is immobilizations necessary at this stage?
 Are you familiar with the anatomy and biomechanics
of the parts involved?
 Are you familiar with technique?

6. SKIN
• REDUCES PAIN BY ALLEVIATING PRESSURE ON THE
NEURAL & SENSORY RECEPTORS
• REDUCES SWELLING BY INCREASING FLUID MOVEMENT.
CIRCULATORY • CAN SPEED LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE & FLOW BY
INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF SPACE BENEATH THE SKIN.
FASCIA • BY TAPING THE SKIN IT CAN EFFECT THE DEEPEST LAYER
OF FASCIA
MUSCLE
• TAPE CAN RELIEVE MUSCLE PAIN, INCREASE ROM
,NORMALIZE LENGTH/TENSION RATIO TO CREATE OPTIMAL
FORCE ,ASSIST WITH TISSUE RECOVERY & REDUCE FATIGUE.
JOINT
• TAPE CAN IMPROVE JOINT, ALIGNMENT & BIOMECHANICS.
• FACILITATE LIGAMENT & TENDON FUNCTION.
• ENHANCE KINESTHETIC AWARENESS.
• CORRECT IMBALANCE.

7. Tape
Underwrap
Adhesive remover
Taping scissors
Powder/disinfecting solution
Cohesive bandage
Pads
Adhesive spray
MATERIALS USES IN
TAPING

8. TAPE

9. PREWRAP/UNDERWRAP
This is the foam material
applied before the tape on
sensitive area.
ADHESIVE REMOVER
It is solvent to help to remove
tape from skin.

10. TAPE CUTTER/BANDAGE
SCISSORS
These scissors have
flat tipped blade,
slips safely under
tape for easy
removal.
FLAT TIPPED BLADE SCISSOR
HEAVY DUTY SCISSOR

11. POWDER
It is used after removal of
tape, if there is any
allergy or itching
PADS
Use thin pads over bony
prominences and high friction
area.
ADHESIVE SPRAY
It is applied on fixing area to
facilitate the adherence.

12.  It is a elastic bandage. It sticks
to itself, but not to the skin.
 Waterproof and reusable.
 Available in a wide variety of
colours, and are very easy to
tear with the fingers.
 Commonly used for wrapping
joints, and covering tapings
and for compression to injured
joints or muscle areas to
reduce irritation.
COHESIVE BANDAGE

13.  STANDARD ATHLETIC TAPING.
 MCCONNELL TAPING.
 MULLIGAN TAPING.
 KINESIOLOGY TAPING.
 FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TAPING.
 SPECIFIC PROPRIOCEPTIVE RESPONSE TAPING.
 LOW DYE TAPING
DIFFERENT TAPING
TECHNIQUES

14. STANDARD ATHLETIC
TAPING
EXTREMLY RIGID AND REQUIRES PRE WRAP.
USED FOR ACUTE INJURIES.
MAINLY USED FOR SHORT DURATION OF TIME.
APPLIED PRIOR TO THR ACTIVITY AND THEN TAKEN OFF
IMMEDIATELY THEREAFTER.
CAN CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION DUE TO MOISTURE
ENTRAPMENT, HIGH LATEX CONTENT, SKIN COMPRESSION,
JOINT COMPRESSION AND MUSCLE COMPRESSION.
NOT WATER RESISTANT.

15. McCONNELL'S TAPING
 DONE USING A SUPER RIGID COTTON MESH HIGHLY
ADHESIVE TAPE.
 USED FOR PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME,
SHOULDER SUBLUXATION, LUMBER SPINE, FOOT AND HIP
JOINT.
 AIMED AT CORRECTING THE BIOMECANICS.
 PRIMARILY USED FOR NEUROMUSCULAR RE-EDUCATION
OF TH AFFECTED CONDITIION.
 NOT WATER RESISTANT.

16.  DEPENDING ON HOW YOU APPLY THE KINESIOTAPE IT CAN
WORK IN DIFFERENT WAYS.
 IT MIMICS THE QUALITIES OF HUMAN SKIN.
 IT WORKS BY SUBCUTANEOUSLY LIFTING THE SKIN.
 ENHANCE MUSCULAR ,JOINT & CIRCULATORY FUNCTION BY
FACILITATING A MUSCLE, INHIBITING A MUSCLE, WORKING
WITH THE LYMPH SYSTEM TO HELP WITH EDEMA.
 CAN BE USED IN ALL PHASE OF AN INJURY ACUTE, SUB ACUTE
& REHABILITATIVE.
KINESIO TAPING

17. 100 % COTTON.
LATEX FREE.
 THE THICKNESS OF THE KINESIO TEX TAPE IS
APPROXIMATELY THE SAME AS THE EPIDERMIS OF THE SKIN.
THIS WAS INTENDED TO LIMIT THE BODY'S PERCEPTION OF
WEIGHT AND AVOID SENSORY STIMULI WHEN PROPERLY
APPLIED.
WATER RESISTANT CAN BE APPLIED FOR 3-5 DAYS.
KINESIO TAPING

18.  LOW-DYE TAPING IS ALSO KNOWN AS CALCANEAL
TAPING.
 COMMONLY USED BY PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF LOWER LEG SYMPTOMS RELATED TO
EXCESSIVE PRONATION.
PROVIDES SHORT-TERM (7-10 DAYS) OF PAIN RELIEF BY
SUPPORTING THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH OF THE
FOOT, THUS CONTROLLING THE AMOUNT OF REAR FOOT
PRONATION.
IT ALSO HELPS TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE IN THE
MEDIAL MIDFOOT.
LOW DYE TAPING

19.  FFT allows the continuation of functional range & activity
without pain.
 It applies a sustained load on to the fascia in a direction that
allow the muscle under fascia to glide better.
 FFT effects on connective tissue.
 Direction of tape applied is guided by the direction of load
that reduce pain.
FUNCTIONAL FASCIAL
TAPING

20. MULLIGAN’S TAPING
DONE TO CORRECT POSITIONAL FAULTS.
DONE IN FUNCTIONAL POSITION OR WEIGHT
BEARING POSITION.
THE JOINT IS TAPED WITH THE GLIDE WHICH
RELIEVES THE PAIN.

21. TYPES OF TAPE
 NON ELASTIC TAPE
 ELASTIC TAPE
 KINESIO TAPE

22.  Made up of cotton with Zinc Oxide
adhesive mass.
 Hypoallergnic tape.
 Manufactured in variety of size and
colors. Most common is white.
 It is available in market in ½,1,2,inch
width and 10-15 yard in length.
 Does not posses elastic properties. so
comformability to body contour can
be difficult.
 Easy to tear.
NON ELASTIC TAPE

23. Commonly referred as stretch
tape
Give good conformability to
body contour.
It is made up of twisted cotton
and adhesive backing.
It is available in 2,3 inch in
widths by 5 yard length with tan
in colors .
It is too strong. Should use
scissor to cut the tape.
ELASTIC TAPE (ELASTIC
ADHESIVE BANDAGE)

24. TYPES OF TAPE

25. WASH & DRY SKIN.
TAPING GUIDELINES

26.  SHAVE THE SKIN.
TAPING GUIDELINES

27.  REMOVE OILS AND LOTION.
 CHECK THE ATHLETE SKIN.
 APPLY UNDERWRAP FOR SENSITIVE SKIN.
 COVER BROKEN LESION.
 APPLY PROTECTIVE PADDING TO FRICTION AND
PRESSURE AREAS.
 ATHLETE AND THERAPIST SHOULD BE IN A
COMFORTABLE POSITION
TAPING GUIDELINES

28.  WHEN APPLYING NON ELASTIC (ZINC OXIDE TAPE),THE
POSITION OF JOINT IN RANGE OF MOTION IN WHICH THE
JOINT WILL BE STABILIZED.(IN FUNCTIONAL
POSITION,MINIMUM STRESS ON INJURED STRUCTURE)
 WHEN APPLY ELASTIC TAPE,THE POSITION OF JOINT WILL
VARY BECAUSE OF THE STRETCH QUALITY OF TAPE.
POSITION OF PART, OF AN
INDIVIDUAL WHERE TAPE IS TO
BE APPLIED

29.  A SWOLLEN, IRRITABLE OR PAINFUL JOINT.
 ACUTE INJURY(WHERE THERE IS A RISK OF
SWELLING)
 ABNORMAL SKIN SENSATION, ALLERGIES OR
HYPER SENSATION OF SKIN.
 ON FRACTURE.
 ON MUSCULAR INJURY (OPEN WOUND)
 IF YOU HAVE CIRCULATORY PROBLEM.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
OF TAPING

30.  AVOID EXCESSIVE TRACTION ON SKIN.
 AVOID GAPS AND WRINKLES.
 AVOID CONTINUOUS CIRCUMFERENTIAL
TAPING- PRODUCE A MORE UNIFORM PRESSURE.
 AVOID EXCESSIVE LAYERS OF TAPE.
 AVOID TOO TIGHT APPLICATION OVER BONY
AREAS.
 AFTER APPLICTION , CHECK THE TAPE TO MAKE
SURE THAT ATHLETE IS COMFORTABLE OR NOT
 UNROLL THE TAPE BEFORE APPLYING IT.
PRECAUTIONS OF
TAPING

32. ANCHORS
IT IS THE FIRST STRIPS OF TAPE APPLIED ABOVE
AND BELOW THE INJURY SITE WHERE SUBSEQUENT
TAPE ARE ATTACHED.
SUPPORT STRIPS
RESTRICT UNWANTED SIDEWAYS MOVEMENT.
HORIZONTAL
STRIPS
ADD STABILITY TO THE JOINT.
VERTICAL STRIPS ALSO PROVIDE STABILITY.
REINFORCING
STRIPS
ADD TENSILE STRENGTH.
CHECK REIN
RESTRICT RANGE OF MOTION.
LOCK STRIPS TO SECURE THE CUT END OF TAPE
OTHER TERMS
HEEL LOCK, Y STRIP, J STRIP , I STRIP

33. COMPLICATIONS
 REDUCED CIRCULATION FROM TAPING.
 SKIN IRRITATION DUE TO MECHANICAL OR
ALLERGIC PHENOMENA.
 DECREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF TAPE WITH
TIME
 IT MAY CAUSE BILTERS AND LACERATIONS.

34. THANK YOU