This slide will give you all information about the pressure measuring devices. IT will give you information about barometer, pressure measuring device, manometer and it will give you information about piezometers.
Pressure measurement is the analysis of an applied force by a fluid on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure in an integral unit are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges
In fluid Mechanics course pressure measurement with different devices is much important. In this slides we will learn different pressure measuring devices.
You'll find a wonderful explanation of the following topics:-
Sensing Elements ,Bellows ,Bourdon tube,Impact of Operating Environment ,Diaphragm,Differen,capacitance,tial Pressure Transmitters,strain gauge
It is useful all type of students, Professionals, Teachers and Industry persons. It includes various types of pressure gauge like Pressure Measurement, Absolute pressure, Vacuum Pressure, Gauge pressure, Diaphragm pressure GaugeBellows pressure gauge, Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer, Inclined Leg Manometer, U tube Manometer, Bourdon Pressure, Dead Weight.
This slide will give you all information about the pressure measuring devices. IT will give you information about barometer, pressure measuring device, manometer and it will give you information about piezometers.
Pressure measurement is the analysis of an applied force by a fluid on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure in an integral unit are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges
In fluid Mechanics course pressure measurement with different devices is much important. In this slides we will learn different pressure measuring devices.
You'll find a wonderful explanation of the following topics:-
Sensing Elements ,Bellows ,Bourdon tube,Impact of Operating Environment ,Diaphragm,Differen,capacitance,tial Pressure Transmitters,strain gauge
It is useful all type of students, Professionals, Teachers and Industry persons. It includes various types of pressure gauge like Pressure Measurement, Absolute pressure, Vacuum Pressure, Gauge pressure, Diaphragm pressure GaugeBellows pressure gauge, Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer, Inclined Leg Manometer, U tube Manometer, Bourdon Pressure, Dead Weight.
Barometric Digital pressure Sensor BMP085Raghav Shetty
This is a breakout board for the BMP085 high-precision, low-power digital barometer. The BMP085 offers a measuring range of 300 to 1100 hPa with accuracy down to 0.03 hPa in ultra-high resolution mode (that's 0.25m of altitude at sea level!) It's based on piezo-resistive technology for high accuracy, ruggedness and long term stability. These come factory-calibrated, with the calibration coefficients already stored in ROM. Writing your own code for it requires some math. This breadboard-friendly board breaks out every pin to a 6-pin 0.1" pitch header. VCC can be from 1.8V to 3.6V; we typically run it on a clean, regulated 3.3V supply. The analog and digital supplies (VDDD and VDDA) are tied to a single header pin, but are separately decoupled. It connects to a microcontroller via I²C bus .
Following Devices are described. All the best !!!
Bourdon Gauge Tube
Diaphragms
Bellow Gauge
Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors
INDUCTIVE TRANSDUCERS
Pirani Gauge (One Wire)
Ionization gauge
Unit-3 Instrumentation and control in mechanical engineering and other basic subject which contain instruments and their working under the syllabus of RGPV UNIVERSITY Bhopal.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. U-TUBEMANOMETER
The gas whose pressure is to be measured is
connected directly to one side of the U-tube.
The pressure of the gas is equal to the sum of
atmospheric pressure and the pressure due to
the difference in the height of the liquid in the
manometer.
3. BOURDONGAUGE
Commonly used in school laboratories, air
conditioner service shops, hospitals and factories.
When a Bourdon gauge is attached to a gas cylinder,
gas flows from the cylinder into the flattened
curved tube in the gauge.
The pressure of the gas causes the curved tube to
straighten out.
Through a lever and a gear system, the pointer
rotates to measure the pressure of the gas.
5. MERCURYBAROMETER
Made by inverting a long glass tube filled with
mercury.
Due to the inversion, a vacuum is created at the
base of the tube and a column of mercury is
supported by the atmospheric pressure.
The units for the measurement of atmospheric
pressure can be in terms of centimeters of mercury
(cm Hg) or Pascal (Pa). Another unit of pressure is
torr, where 1 torr is equal to 1 mm Hg.
6. FORTINBAROMETER
• Essentially modified from a simple mercury
barometer.
• The Fortin barometer has a metal scale with a
vernier attached and a mirror behind the top of the
mercury column to avoid parallax error when taking
readings.
• With these features, the Fortin barometer measures
the atmospheric pressure more accurately than the
simple mercury barometer.
7. ANEROIDBAROMETER
More convenient form of barometer because it
does not use liquid and can be as small as a
wristwatch.
Inside an aneroid barometer there is a partially
evacuate metal case made of thin and flexible alloy.
A change of atmospheric pressure will cause the
centre of the metal case to move in or out. This
movement is magnified by a system of levers.
A chain attached to the last lever rotates the
pointer to show the atmospheric pressure
measured.
