Photonics West 2008
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The document summarizes several innovations from Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal related to photonics and wireless communications. These include direct laser machining of waveguides, tunable fiber lasers, using optical fibers to create sound, tunable delay lines, adaptive radiation pattern antennas, and low-cost high-power fiber amplifiers. Experts are listed for each innovation along with their areas of expertise and contact information.
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Presentation networldm2m sinem_coleriergen_v5
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Massive information on Massive MIMO
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
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Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication System
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
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1) The document discusses nonlinearities in laser diodes and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that cause distortions in radio over fiber (RoF) links.
2) It proposes using predistortion circuits for laser diodes and feedforward techniques for SOAs to suppress these nonlinearities and improve signal quality.
3) The individual and combined effects of predistortion and feedforward are investigated to minimize harmonic and intermodulation distortions affecting signal-to-noise ratio in RoF systems.
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This document discusses technologies for improving the capacity of optical transport networks. It outlines how networks have evolved from 10G to 100G+ capacities through increased channel counts and complex modulation formats. Key technologies discussed for further improving capacity include space division multiplexing using multi-core or multi-mode fibers, superchannels that pack optical carriers more densely, and elastic optical networks that flexibly allocate spectrum. The document also discusses optimizing network efficiency through port virtualization and reducing transit traffic loads on routers.
Why use the MIMO antenna for 5G?
Massive MIMO, also known as large-scale MIMO, is a key technology for 5G that uses a large number of antennas, from 64 to 256, to improve network performance. It provides benefits like increased throughput and reduced interference. For 5G networks, massive MIMO is important because 5G will use higher millimeter-wave frequencies that experience greater path loss, and employing many antennas allows signals to be focused into narrow beams to compensate for this without increasing antenna size. This document from C&T RF Antennas Inc discusses massive MIMO technology and why it is essential for 5G networks operating at millimeter-wave frequencies.
5 g wireless systems
The innovative and effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is becoming increasingly important to improve the economy of the world [1]. Wireless communication networks are perhaps the most critical element in the global ICT strategy, underpinning many other industries. It is one of the fastest growing and most dynamic sectors in the world.
The European Mobile Observatory (EMO) reported that the mobile communication sector had total revenue of €174 billion in 2010, there- by bypassing the aerospace and pharmaceutical sectors [2]. The development of wireless technologies has greatly improved people’s ability to communicate and live in both business operations and social functions.
The phenomenal success of wireless mobile communications is mirrored by a rapid pace of technology innovation. From the second generation (2G) mobile communication system debuted in 1991 to the 3G system first launched in 2001, the wireless mobile network has transformed from a pure telephony system to a network that can transport rich multimedia contents. The 4G wireless systems were designed to fulfill the requirements of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-A) using IP for all services [3]. In 4G systems, an advanced radio interface is used with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and link adaptation technologies. 4G wireless networks can support data rates of up to 1 Gb/s for low mobility, such as nomadic/local wireless access, and up to 100 Mb/s for high mobility, such as mobile access. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and its extension, LTE-Advanced systems, as practical 4G systems, have recently been deployed or soon will be deployed around the globe.
However, there is still a dramatic increase in the number of users who subscribe to mobile broadband systems every year. More and more people crave faster Internet access on the move, trendier mobiles, and, in general, instant com- munication with others or access to information. More powerful smart phones and laptops are becoming more popular nowadays, demanding advanced multimedia capabilities. This has resulted in an explosion of wireless mobile devices and services. The EMO pointed out that there has been a 92 percent growth in mobile broadband per year since 2006 [2]. It has been predicted by the Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) that 7 trillion wireless devices will serve 7 billion people by 2017; that is, the number of network-connected wireless devices will reach 1000 times the world’s population [4]. As more and more devices go wireless, many research challenges need to be addressed.
maaaasss
Massive MIMO uses large antenna arrays at base stations to serve many users simultaneously. It is a promising technique for 5G networks to boost capacity while reducing transmission power. However, pilot contamination from neighboring cells reusing the same pilot sequences limits performance. Small cell networks can help mitigate this issue by reducing cell sizes and the distance between co-pilot cells. Overall, massive MIMO has the potential to increase capacity over 10 times and improve energy efficiency for 5G communication systems.
Transmission system used for optical fibers
In this presentation I have explained various types of transmission system used for optical transmission and also described about the budget method that has to be followed while selecting an source for optical fibers and also about the factors that should be consider while selecting an source.
PhySec_MassiveMIMO
This document outlines Jun Zhu's Ph.D. dissertation on physical layer security in massive MIMO systems. The dissertation examines how to improve security in massive MIMO systems using artificial noise (AN). It analyzes the impact of pilot contamination on AN design and explores AN techniques under various precoding schemes and with hardware impairments. The dissertation addresses challenges in securing massive MIMO, including the complexity of null-space based AN and the effects of pilot contamination and hardware impairments on AN and wireless security.
Channel modeling for_millimeter_wave_mimo
This document summarizes research on channel modeling for millimeter wave MIMO communications. It discusses two scenarios: 1) An outdoor deployment using lampposts, where reflections from walls and the ground can cause fading that MIMO techniques can help mitigate. 2) An indoor link where spatial multiplexing is possible even in line-of-sight environments due to the compact sizes of antennas at millimeter wavelengths, though blockages significantly impact performance. The key differences in millimeter wave propagation compared to lower frequencies include higher path losses mitigated by high antenna directivity, sparser multipath environments, and greater sensitivity to blockages.
Photonic and optic technologies with potential for health applications. Prof ...
Photonic and optic technologies with potential for health applications. Prof ...Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney
IPOS (Institute of Photonics and Optical Science) is a research institute at the University of Sydney with approximately 100 members from various schools including Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Chemistry. It has 55 researchers and 35 research students working on diverse areas of photonics including quantum photonics, communications, astrophotonics, biomedical photonics, and more. Key capabilities include microstructured polymer optical fiber sensing, optofluidics which combines microfluidics and microphotonics, and silk photonics which uses biocompatible silk films for optical devices. Research is supported by facilities like the Australian Institute of Nanoscience building with a clean room and dedicated photonics labs.www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt
The document summarizes the key topics presented at the 11th ICOIA Meeting in Hong Kong, including:
1) An overview of global and Singapore optoelectronics trends, with the Singapore photonics industry estimated at $1 billion and growing at 17%.
2) Details on key market segments in infocommunications, displays, and instrumentation optics that are driving demand.
3) Statistics on the manufacturing industry in Singapore, which had over $200 billion in output in 2005 and photonics is part of clusters such as electronics, chemicals, and biomedical.
4) An introduction of the Photonics Association of Singapore, which aims to promote synergies to grow Singapore as a photon
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This document proposes iterative clipping and error filtering methods to improve the performance of UFMC systems using SLM for 5G networks. Existing SLM techniques have high complexity and reduce spectral efficiency. The proposed method uses phase offset SLM in a UFMC system without needing to transmit side information, increasing data rate. It provides advantages over OFDM like low latency, high spectral efficiency, and lower out-of-band emissions. The performance of the proposed UFMC-SLM system will be evaluated using MATLAB simulations.
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This document presents a term project on 3D beamforming for 5G networks. It outlines the motivation for 3D beamforming to meet 5G goals and reduce interference. The objectives are to analyze narrow beam formation with different array geometries and track user movement. Results show narrow beams formed with linear, planar and cylindrical arrays using windowing. Future work includes incorporating 3D channel models and Coordinated Multi-Point features with 3D beamforming.
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This document discusses using code division multiple access (CDMA) technique for optical fiber transmission. It aims to take advantage of optical fiber's large bandwidth and use CDMA to allow multiple users to access the channel simultaneously with unique PN codes. The key points are:
1. CDMA uses digital coding instead of frequency or time division for multiple access, giving each user a unique pseudorandom noise (PN) code.
2. The system uses PN codes to spread user signals before combining them and transmitting over fiber. Receivers correlate with assigned PN codes to separate signals.
3. Experiments are designed to test low pass, band pass, and electrical-optical conversion circuits needed for the CD
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This document discusses the use of massive MIMO in 5G communication networks. Massive MIMO involves using a large number of antennas (e.g. hundreds) at base stations to communicate simultaneously with multiple user equipment. This allows for higher data rates and bandwidth. However, a problem called pilot contamination can occur when pilot sequences from neighboring cells interfere. Techniques like soft combining of pilots are proposed to mitigate this. Massive MIMO combined with millimeter wave frequencies is seen as key to meeting the high data rate demands of 5G.
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Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Presentation networldm2m sinem_coleriergen_v5
Next generation 5G wireless solutions need to meet the anticipated demands of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications in the 2020 era with the total number of devices expected to be about 50 billion for a projected population of around 8 billion according to an Ericsson report. M2M applications can be classified into two categories: Low-cost wide-area and low-latency ultra-reliable M2M. Low-cost wide-area M2M communication requires simple hardware architecture, integration of significant energy efficiency methods and energy harvesting technologies, and enhanced coverage, for such applications as smart metering, fire alarms, sensor networks. Despite LTE enhancements proposed for this class of M2M, however, LTE is not expected to be dominantly used in the near future due to its low coverage and high cost equipment, according to Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015. More research is needed to natively include this M2M class in 5G networks. On the other hand, low-latency ultra-reliable M2M communication requires satisfying strict delay constraint and ultra-high reliability of such applications as platooning of vehicles, robotic control and interaction, remote health care. Controlling the elements in our environment based on the data provided from these machines in this class of M2M applications requires a paradigm shift for control and communication systems with novel strategies for their joint design in beyond 5G networks.
Massive information on Massive MIMO
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
R&D activities of radio-over-fiber technology in NICT
NICT conducts research on radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies. The presentation summarized NICT's R&D activities, including transmitting LTE and millimeter-wave signals over fiber, developing components for 5G networks, and potential applications like foreign object detection. It also discussed ongoing standardization of RoF technologies at ITU-T to specify systems for fiber access networks.
Remcom_Predictive_Simulation_of_MIMO_for_5G
To keep up with rising demand and new technologies, the wireless industry is researching a wide array of solutions for 5G, the next generation of wireless networking. Technologies based on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), including Massive MIMO, are among key concepts. As a leading provider of wireless simulation tools, Remcom is developing an innovative and efficient MIMO simulation capability.
Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication System
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
Suppression of nonlinearity induced distortions in radio over fiber links
1) The document discusses nonlinearities in laser diodes and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that cause distortions in radio over fiber (RoF) links.
2) It proposes using predistortion circuits for laser diodes and feedforward techniques for SOAs to suppress these nonlinearities and improve signal quality.
3) The individual and combined effects of predistortion and feedforward are investigated to minimize harmonic and intermodulation distortions affecting signal-to-noise ratio in RoF systems.
Comparison between Zero Forcing (ZF) & Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) on th...
Comparison between Zero Forcing (ZF) & Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) on th...Eng. Mohammed Ahmed Siddiqui
In this presentation the effect of channel estimation errors on the energy efficiency of a down-link massive multiple-input multiple-output system is investigated and analyzed. The required down-link transmit power of the zero forcing (ZF) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding schemes are derived and analyzed under imperfect channel state information condition.RF Antenna Planning
Radio Access Network Functions
Radio Access Network Responsibilities
Antenna Configuration Requirements
RF Antenna Planning
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This document discusses technologies for improving the capacity of optical transport networks. It outlines how networks have evolved from 10G to 100G+ capacities through increased channel counts and complex modulation formats. Key technologies discussed for further improving capacity include space division multiplexing using multi-core or multi-mode fibers, superchannels that pack optical carriers more densely, and elastic optical networks that flexibly allocate spectrum. The document also discusses optimizing network efficiency through port virtualization and reducing transit traffic loads on routers.
Why use the MIMO antenna for 5G?
Massive MIMO, also known as large-scale MIMO, is a key technology for 5G that uses a large number of antennas, from 64 to 256, to improve network performance. It provides benefits like increased throughput and reduced interference. For 5G networks, massive MIMO is important because 5G will use higher millimeter-wave frequencies that experience greater path loss, and employing many antennas allows signals to be focused into narrow beams to compensate for this without increasing antenna size. This document from C&T RF Antennas Inc discusses massive MIMO technology and why it is essential for 5G networks operating at millimeter-wave frequencies.
5 g wireless systems
The innovative and effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is becoming increasingly important to improve the economy of the world [1]. Wireless communication networks are perhaps the most critical element in the global ICT strategy, underpinning many other industries. It is one of the fastest growing and most dynamic sectors in the world.
The European Mobile Observatory (EMO) reported that the mobile communication sector had total revenue of €174 billion in 2010, there- by bypassing the aerospace and pharmaceutical sectors [2]. The development of wireless technologies has greatly improved people’s ability to communicate and live in both business operations and social functions.
The phenomenal success of wireless mobile communications is mirrored by a rapid pace of technology innovation. From the second generation (2G) mobile communication system debuted in 1991 to the 3G system first launched in 2001, the wireless mobile network has transformed from a pure telephony system to a network that can transport rich multimedia contents. The 4G wireless systems were designed to fulfill the requirements of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-A) using IP for all services [3]. In 4G systems, an advanced radio interface is used with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and link adaptation technologies. 4G wireless networks can support data rates of up to 1 Gb/s for low mobility, such as nomadic/local wireless access, and up to 100 Mb/s for high mobility, such as mobile access. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and its extension, LTE-Advanced systems, as practical 4G systems, have recently been deployed or soon will be deployed around the globe.
However, there is still a dramatic increase in the number of users who subscribe to mobile broadband systems every year. More and more people crave faster Internet access on the move, trendier mobiles, and, in general, instant com- munication with others or access to information. More powerful smart phones and laptops are becoming more popular nowadays, demanding advanced multimedia capabilities. This has resulted in an explosion of wireless mobile devices and services. The EMO pointed out that there has been a 92 percent growth in mobile broadband per year since 2006 [2]. It has been predicted by the Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) that 7 trillion wireless devices will serve 7 billion people by 2017; that is, the number of network-connected wireless devices will reach 1000 times the world’s population [4]. As more and more devices go wireless, many research challenges need to be addressed.
maaaasss
Massive MIMO uses large antenna arrays at base stations to serve many users simultaneously. It is a promising technique for 5G networks to boost capacity while reducing transmission power. However, pilot contamination from neighboring cells reusing the same pilot sequences limits performance. Small cell networks can help mitigate this issue by reducing cell sizes and the distance between co-pilot cells. Overall, massive MIMO has the potential to increase capacity over 10 times and improve energy efficiency for 5G communication systems.
Transmission system used for optical fibers
In this presentation I have explained various types of transmission system used for optical transmission and also described about the budget method that has to be followed while selecting an source for optical fibers and also about the factors that should be consider while selecting an source.
PhySec_MassiveMIMO
This document outlines Jun Zhu's Ph.D. dissertation on physical layer security in massive MIMO systems. The dissertation examines how to improve security in massive MIMO systems using artificial noise (AN). It analyzes the impact of pilot contamination on AN design and explores AN techniques under various precoding schemes and with hardware impairments. The dissertation addresses challenges in securing massive MIMO, including the complexity of null-space based AN and the effects of pilot contamination and hardware impairments on AN and wireless security.
Channel modeling for_millimeter_wave_mimo
This document summarizes research on channel modeling for millimeter wave MIMO communications. It discusses two scenarios: 1) An outdoor deployment using lampposts, where reflections from walls and the ground can cause fading that MIMO techniques can help mitigate. 2) An indoor link where spatial multiplexing is possible even in line-of-sight environments due to the compact sizes of antennas at millimeter wavelengths, though blockages significantly impact performance. The key differences in millimeter wave propagation compared to lower frequencies include higher path losses mitigated by high antenna directivity, sparser multipath environments, and greater sensitivity to blockages.
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R&D activities of radio-over-fiber technology in NICT
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IPOS (Institute of Photonics and Optical Science) is a research institute at the University of Sydney with approximately 100 members from various schools including Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Chemistry. It has 55 researchers and 35 research students working on diverse areas of photonics including quantum photonics, communications, astrophotonics, biomedical photonics, and more. Key capabilities include microstructured polymer optical fiber sensing, optofluidics which combines microfluidics and microphotonics, and silk photonics which uses biocompatible silk films for optical devices. Research is supported by facilities like the Australian Institute of Nanoscience building with a clean room and dedicated photonics labs.www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt
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Microwave photonics is the study of high-speed photonic devices operating at microwave or millimeter wave frequencies and their use in microwave or photonic systems. This paper provides an overview of this multidisciplinary field, including typical investigations such as signal generation, processing, and transmission via optical links. It discusses key components such as traveling wave electroabsorption modulators and detectors, and how microwave technologies can improve photonic bandwidth. Broad applications are presented, including photonic signal generation, EMC sensing, testing, hybrid fiber-coax systems, fiber-radio, and antenna remoting.
Opto electronics devices
This document discusses optoelectronic devices and provides examples. It introduces optoelectronics as the study of electronic devices that interact with light. Major optoelectronic devices directly convert between electrons and photons, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, and photodiodes. LEDs emit light when electrically biased and the color depends on the semiconductor material. Laser diodes use stimulated emission to produce coherent light. Photodiodes are photodetectors that generate a current when struck by photons. The document also discusses solar cells and trends in optoelectronic devices.
Photonics devices
Photonics devices use photons to transmit, control, manipulate and store data. They offer benefits like greater energy savings and communication distances due to their unique characteristics, such as being less sensitive to interference. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor light sources used as indicator lamps and increasingly for lighting. They have advantages over other light sources like lower energy use, longer lifetimes, and smaller size. Photodiodes are PN junction diodes designed to detect photons and convert light into an electrical current. Laser diodes are semiconductor devices that produce coherent light when current passes through and are used to convert electrical signals into light signals.
Examples of Photonics Applications for DAY OF PHOTONICS 21 October 2014
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The document discusses the field of photonics. It begins by defining photonics and tracing its origins to developments in the 1960s including the invention of the laser. Photonics enabled major advances in telecommunications and the internet. The document discusses how photonics relates to and differs from fields like optics, quantum optics, and optoelectronics. It provides examples of photonics applications in areas like computing, telecommunications, medicine, industry, and more. In the end, it states that applications of photonics are ubiquitous across both everyday life and advanced science.
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www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt www.triz.hk/icoiappt/icoia010601.ppt
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This document describes the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna using ANSYS HFSS. It begins with introductions to antennas and how they work. Then it discusses microstrip patch antennas specifically, including their basic structure and parameters like length, width, thickness. It covers the calculations to determine these parameters. Feed techniques are explained along with the basic principles of operation. Both advantages and disadvantages of microstrip patch antennas are provided. The document concludes by discussing the simulation results in HFSS, including return loss, VSWR, and radiation patterns. It designed a rectangular patch antenna at 2.4GHz and found the results to be suitable for applications like mobile communications.
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This document summarizes the work of the ATHENA Research Group led by Professor Manos Tentzeris. Some key areas of focus for the group include inkjet-printed RF electronics, nanotechnology-enabled wireless sensors, and flexible 3D wireless modules. The group has developed inkjet-printed antennas, sensors, and power harvesting circuits on paper and flexible substrates for applications in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things.
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The attached narrated power point presentation explores the evolution and generations of fiber optics as well as recent trends in Optical Fiber Communications. An attempt has also been made to introduce a few emerging and exciting technologies in the area of Optical Communications. The material will be useful to KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Bandwidth optimization
Satellite communications systems allow communication between two points on Earth via satellites. A signal is transmitted from an earth station to a satellite, which then relays the signal to another earth station. Satellites provide large area coverage and can bypass terrestrial networks. They are used for voice calls, television, radio, internet access, and more. Higher frequency bands like Ku-band provide more flexibility than C-band but are more susceptible to rain fade. Modern systems use modulation techniques like QPSK and 8-PSK along with error correction coding to optimize bandwidth use on satellites.
Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter Waves
In this paper a analytical comparison and experimental implementation of different methods used in generating a low phase noise millimeter wave signals is presented. Four techniques were experimented and compared, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking (IL), and Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL). The comparison and experimental results of a laboratory discussed.
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This document discusses fiber optic communication links and components. It covers regenerative repeaters for digital links, including signal processing to amplify, reshape, retime and retransmit signals. It also discusses link power and rise time budget analysis for digital links, and C/N ratio analysis for analog links. Additionally, it covers wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and dense WDM (DWDM), explaining their operational principles and how they expand network capacity. Coherent detection schemes like homodyne and heterodyne are also summarized.
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Researchers propose transporting viscous oil via pipeline by forming an emulsion of heavy crude oil, water, and fine particles. This Pickering emulsion would have a lowered viscosity equivalent to oil with an API gravity over 20, making it easily transportable. A variety of particle types and sizes can be used to form a stable layer encapsulating the oil or water droplets. Adding 15-30% water to the oil produces an emulsion suitable for pipeline transport, providing a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of moving viscous oil compared to current dilution and separation processes.
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This document discusses color changing photonic crystal fibers for textile applications. Researchers led by Pr. Maksim Skorobogatiy at École Polytechnique de Montréal have developed a simple idea to produce color changing fibers using the fiber's geometry design. The fibers can change color on demand without mechanical deformations using a single white light source. This passive technology could enable applications like variable colored uniforms and signs. The researchers are seeking partnerships for further development and market deployment.
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There is a need for anthropomorphic flow phantoms that allow in vitro investigation of vascular diseases such as stenoses and abdominal aortic aneurysms. We offer a patent pending multimodality imaging phantom with superior caracteristics that fill this need. Univalor is seeking an exclusive or an non-exclusive license agreement with a company in the medical imaging market.
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Who Is Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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