1) The document discusses using radio over fiber (RoF) technology to transmit WiMAX signals over optical fiber in order to reduce costs for wireless network operators.
2) It proposes deployment scenarios for RoF in WiMAX networks and reviews related experimental work.
3) Simulation results show that RoF transmission of WiMAX signals over standard single-mode fiber is feasible for fiber lengths up to 8 km.
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
The attached narrated power point presentation will attempt to mention the benefits offered by WDM as well as the performance parameters associated with WDM. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Free-space optical communication is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. It is a technology that can be installed license-free worldwide and can be installed in less than a day. A technology that offers a fast, high ROI. There is no Frequency License Required in it.
A rhombic antenna is a broadband directional wire antenna co-invented by Edmond Bruce and Harald Friis, in 1931, mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the block diagram, working principle, different architectures, advantages, disadvantages and applications of free space optical communications apart from the comparison of free space optics with fiber optics and other counterparts such as RF and metallic cables. The material will be extremely useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
The attached narrated power point presentation will attempt to mention the benefits offered by WDM as well as the performance parameters associated with WDM. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Free-space optical communication is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. It is a technology that can be installed license-free worldwide and can be installed in less than a day. A technology that offers a fast, high ROI. There is no Frequency License Required in it.
A rhombic antenna is a broadband directional wire antenna co-invented by Edmond Bruce and Harald Friis, in 1931, mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the block diagram, working principle, different architectures, advantages, disadvantages and applications of free space optical communications apart from the comparison of free space optics with fiber optics and other counterparts such as RF and metallic cables. The material will be extremely useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
RADIO ON RADIO OVER FIBER EFFICIENT FRONTHAULING FOR SMALL CELLS AND MOVING C...Mafaz Ahmed
A combination of fiber and radio links would be
attractive for efficient front-hauling to small cells
and moving cells. However, achieving connectivity
by using wired-wireless media converters significantly
increases system complexity, power consumption,
and latency. A seamless combination of
fiber and radio links in which photonics-based
technologies are used to generate and transmit
radio wave signals is more suitable.
Integrated Optical Wireless Network For Next Generation Wireless SystemsCSCJournals
Next generation wireless networks need to support broadband wireless services at significantly reduced cost. The existing wireless systems can hardly provide transmission capacity of the order of few Mbps. However, millimeter waves and optical fiber can provide data capacity of the order of Gbps and Tbps respectively. Hence the requirements of broadband wireless system can be achieved through the integration of optical fiber and millimeter wireless systems. We suggest modified millimeter wireless system, with optical fiber as feeder network. Simulations have been carried out for AWGN and optical fiber channels using MATLAB code, so as to compare their individual performance. When compared it is observed that the performance of multimode optical fiber (MMOF) link even for distance of 80 KM is better than that of the AWGN channel with SNR of 50 dB and above. Hence, an integrated fiber radio network is an excellent cost effective media for higher data rate (>100Mbps).
DWDM-RAM:Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical NetworksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Packet-switching technology
Great solution for small-burst communication, such as email, telnet, etc.
Data-intensive grid applications
Involves moving massive amounts of data
Requires high and sustained bandwidth
DWDM
Basically circuit switching
Enable QoS at the Physical Layer
Provide
High bandwidth
Sustained bandwidth
DWDM based on dynamic wavelength switching
Enable dedicated optical paths to be allocated dynamically
The relay stations are widely used in major wireless technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long term evolution) which provide cost effective service to the operators and end users. It is quite challenging to provide guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) in WiMAX networks in cost effective manner.
Garth naar - optical fibre communication telecommunicationsgarthnaar
Fibre optic communication has revolutionised the telecommunications industry. It has also made its presence widely felt within the data networking community as well. Using fibre optic cable, optical communications have enabled telecommunications links to be made over much greater distances and with much lower levels of loss in the transmission medium and possibly most important of all, fiber optical communications has enabled much higher data rates to be accommodated.
Analysis of a framework implementation of the transceiver performances for in...IJECEIAES
The greatest advantages of optical fibers are the possibility of extending data rate transmission and propagation distances. Being a multicarrier technique, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be applicable in hybrid optical-wireless systems design owing to its best spectral efficiency for the interferences of radio frequency (RF) and minor multipath distortion. An optical OFDM-RoF-based wireless local area network (W-LAN) system has been studied and evaluated in this work. The outline for integrating an optical technology and wireless in a single system was provided with the existence of OFDM-RoF technology and the microstrip patch antenna; these were applied in the Optisystem communication tool. The design of the proposed OFDM-RoF system is aimed at supporting mm-wave services and multi-standard operations. The proposed system can operate on different RF bands using different modulation schemes like 4.16 and 64QAM that may be associated to OFDM and multidata rates up to 5 Gbps. The results demonstrate the robustness of the integrated optical wireless link in propagating OFDM-RoF-based WLAN signals across optical fibers.
Comprehensive investigation of coherent optical OFDM-RoF employing 16QAM exte...IJECEIAES
Given the growing need for long haul transmission that requires a high rate of data, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme (OFDM), is regarded as a technique with high potentials for high-capacity optical networks. OFDM transmits over both optical and wireless channels, with the data distributed over a huge amount of the subcarrier, and the data is distributed over a huge number of subcarriers. OFDM achieves RF signal for a long-haul transmitting by utilizing Radio over Fiber (RoF) system, which is known to produce higher orthogonality of the OFDM modulated signal designed for the wireless network. RoF systems comprise of heterogeneous networks designed through the use of wireless and optical links. The aim of this paper is to carry out an investigation of the performance of the external modulation in RoF links, while analyzing the shortcomings caused by the various elements of the optical system. The Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) can be applied in external modulation, and exhibits a more robust performance when implemented with the OFDM modulation technique.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
2. Abstract
Introduction
Radio Over Fiber Technology
Benefits Of RoF Technology
Cost Effectiveness of RoF Technology
RoF Based WiMAX System
Simulation Results
Conclusion
3. To meet the explosive demands of high-capacity and broadband wireless
access, modern cell based wireless networks have trends, i.e. continuous
increase in the number of cells and utilization of higher frequency bands.
It leads to a large amount of Base Stations (BS) to be deployed, therefore,
cost-effective BS development is a key to success in the market. In order to
reduce the system cost, Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has been
proposed since it provides functionally simple BSs that are interconnected
to a central Control Station (CS) via an optical fiber.
The well known advantages of optical fiber as a transmission medium such
as low loss, light weight, large bandwidth characteristics, small size and
low cable cost make it the ideal and most flexible solution for efficiently
transporting radio signals to remotely located antenna sites in a wireless
network.
4. In addition to its transmission properties, the insensitivity of fiber optic
cables to electromagnetic radiation is a key benefit in their implementation
as the backbone of a wireless network.
This paper will provide an overview of RoF technology, followed by the
description of suitable architectures for the deployment of Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks employing
RoF systems.
Main issues and challenges in the deployment of WiMAX employing RoF
technology will be discussed in detail after reviewing some experimental
and theoretical work. Furthermore, a simulation model for IEEE 802.16e is
studied and simulation results are shown.
5. For the future provision of broadband, interactive and multimedia services
over wireless media, current trends in cellular networks - both mobile and
fixed – are
1. To reduce cell size to accommodate more users.
2. To operate in the microwave/millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency
bands to avoid spectral congestion in lower frequency bands.
It demands a large number of Base Stations (BS) to cover a service area,
and cost-effective BS is a key to success in the market. This requirement
has led to the development of system architecture where functions such as
signal routing/processing, handover and frequency allocation are carried
out at a central Control Station (CS), rather than at the BS.
Furthermore, such a centralized configuration allows sensitive equipment
to be located in safer environment and enables the cost of expensive
components to be shared among several BSs .
6. The reduction in cost can be brought about in two ways.
Firstly, the remote antenna BS or radio distribution point
needs to perform only simple functions and it is small in
size and low in cost.
Secondly, the resources provided by the CS can be shared
among many antenna BSs.
This technique of modulating the Radio Frequency (RF)
subcarrier onto an optical carrier for distribution over a
fiber network is known as “Radio over Fiber” (RoF)
technology.
7. Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology
entails the use of optical fiber links to
distribute RF signals from a central
location (head-end) to Remote Antenna
Units (RAU).
In narrowband communication systems
and WLANs, RF signal processing
functions such as frequency up-
conversion, carrier modulation, and
multiplexing, are performed at the BS,
and immediately fed into the antenna.
RoF makes it possible to centralize the
RF signal processing functions in one
shared location (head-end), and then to
use optical fiber, which offers low signal
loss (0.3 dB/km for 1550 nm, and 0.5
dB/km for 1310 nm wavelengths) to
distribute the RF signals to the RAUs, as
shown in Figure .
8. By so doing, RAUs are simplified significantly, as they only
need to perform optoelectronic conversion and amplification
functions.
The centralization of RF signal processing functions enables
equipment sharing, dynamic allocation of resources, and
simplified system operation and maintenance.
These benefits can translate into major system installation and
operational savings, especially in wide-coverage broadband
wireless communication systems, where a high density of BS is
necessary as discussed.
9. A. Low Attenuation Loss
Electrical distribution of high frequency microwave signals
either in free space or through transmission lines is
problematic and costly. In free space, losses due to
absorption and reflection increase with frequency. In
transmission lines, impedance rises with frequency as well.
Therefore distributing high frequency radio signals
electrically over long distances requires expensive
regenerating equipment.
10. B. Large Bandwidth
Optical fibers offer enormous bandwidth. There are three
main transmission windows, which offer low attenuation,
namely the 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths.
For a single optical fiber (SMF), the combined bandwidth
of the three windows is in the excess of 50THz. However,
today’s state-of-the-art commercial systems utilize only a
fraction of this capacity (1.6 THz).
But developments to exploit more optical capacity per
single fiber are still continuing.
11. C. Immunity to Radio Frequency Interference
Immunity to electromagnetic interference is a very
attractive property of optical fiber communications,
especially for microwave transmission. This is so because
signals are transmitted in the form of light through the
fiber. Because of this immunity, fiber cables are preferred
even for short connections at mm-waves.
12. D. Easy Installation and Maintenance
In RoF systems, complex and expensive equipment is kept at the
head-end, thereby making the RAUs simpler. For instance, most
RoF techniques eliminate the need for a Local Oscillator (LO)
and related equipment at the RAU.
In such cases a photo detector, a RF amplifier, and an antenna
make up the RAU.
Modulation and switching equipment is kept in the head-end and
is shared by several RAUs. This arrangement leads to smaller
and lighter RAUs, effectively reducing system installation and
maintenance costs.
13. E. Reduced Power Consumption
Reduced power consumption is a consequence of having
simple RAUs with reduced equipment.
Most of the complex equipment is kept at the centralized
head-end. In some applications, the RAUs are operated in
passive mode. For instance, some 5 GHz fiber-radio
systems employing pico-cells can have the RAUs operate
in passive mode.
14. F. Multi-Operator -Multi-Service Operation
RoF offers system operation flexibility. Depending on the
microwave generation technique, the RoF distribution system
can be made signal-format transparent.
For instance, the Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection
(IM-DD) technique can be made to operate as a linear system
and, therefore, as a transparent system. This can be achieved by
using low dispersion fiber (SMF) in combination with pre-
modulated RF subcarriers.
In that case, the same RoF network can be used to distribute
multi-operator and multi-service traffic, resulting in huge
economic savings.
15. G. Dynamic Resource Allocation
Since the switching, modulation and other RF functions are
performed at a centralized head-end, it is possible to allocate
capacity dynamically.
For instance in a RoF distribution system for GSM traffic, more
capacity can be allocated to an area (e.g. shopping mall) during
peak times and then re-allocated to other areas when off-peak
(e.g. to populated residential areas in the evenings).
This can be achieved by allocating optical wavelengths through
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) as need arise.
16. Conventional BS drives the antennas over lossy electrical
cable which necessitates the location of the BS very close
to the antennas. This can create problems with acquiring
suitable sites for coverage extension. It also increases the
capital and operational expenses due to site purchasing or
leasing, new BS installation and maintenance.
Utilizing the idea of RoF and BS hostelling, one BS can
control several RAUs and new BS is not required for
coverage extension. The additional antennas can be served
from the existing BS close to the cell tower. This
dramatically reduces the requirements for cell site footprint
and the cost of site acquisition
17. The electrical cables that drive the antenna are responsible
for large amount power loss of the BS. The loss in these
cables and their associated connectors can range from a
typical value of 3dB to as much as 10dB in extreme cases
which means 50% to 90% of the radio transceiver’s output
power is dissipated in cable transmission.
All this extra power required to drive the electrical feeder
cables means that higher output power amplifiers must be
deployed. These high power amplifiers are more expensive
and have poor operating efficiencies of around 10%, further
compounding the problem of high energy consumption by
BS
18. In the conventional BS, the power dissipated as heat by the low-
efficiency amplifiers requires the BS enclosure to have
sophisticated metal enclosures with climate control facilities
such as air conditioning, which also increases the cost.
RoF offers large reduction in the amount of thermal energy
dissipated by the system. This means that the RAU can be
designed without the need for any expensive climate control
facilities at the remote site.
From the above discussion, it is clear that RoF technology has
lots of possibilities to reduce the capital and operational cost. In
order to check the feasibility of transmission of IEEE 802.16e
based WiMAX data through optical fiber link, we have done the
simulation study.
19. RoF deployment scenarios for Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access (WiMAX) data transmission are
proposed as a means for capital and operational cost
reduction. IEEE 802.16e standard based end-to-end
physical layer model is simulated including IM-DD RoF
technology.
Due to the ever increasing demand of wireless
communication and mobility, various wireless
communication systems have been developed and
deployed. WiMAX system is now closely examined by
many companies for the last mile wireless connectivity to
provide flexible broadband services to end users.
20. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 and 802.16e standards.
According to the WiMAX standard, the cell coverage can typically
extend to 5km in the air, with higher data rate and more selectable
channel bandwidth than 3G system. RoF nowadays is a hot topic for
integrating optical technologies with wireless systems.
RoF deploys optical fiber, which has low loss and high bandwidth,
to distribute RF signals from central CS to RAUs. For some
applications, such as inside a long tunnel with many bends, the
deployment of the wireless WiMAX is greatly hindered. Because of
this, using RoF to carry the WiMAX signal is a good solution.
A. RoF Deployment Scenarios
B. Experimental Study Related to WiMAX RoF
21. In order to study the feasibility of transmission of WiMAX
signals through SMF by IM-DD, the simulation was carried
out using MATLAB by considering WiMAX over RoF.
The model consisted of IEEE 802.16e end-to-end physical
layer. More specifically, it modeled the OFDM-based
physical layer for DL, supporting all of the mandatory
coding and modulation options.
22. Figure shows the simulation
results for Bit Error Rate vs
different SNR values for
BPSK without RoF and with
RoF. It can be noticed from
the figure that the
introduction of fiber
introduces a high bit error
rate. But the introduction of
RoF will enhance the
coverage area without the
need for additional BSs, thus
reducing the cost of overall
deployment.
23. Similar results are
obtained for 16QAM with
coding as shown in
Figure. These results can
be interpreted as same as
for the BPSK.
24. Objective of this study was to investigate RoF technology for the transmission of
WiMAX signals to the RAUs and hence to suggest feasible RoF deployment
scenarios to reduce the capital and operational cost of the service providers.
In the paper we studied performance and limitations of standard WiMAX signal
optimized for wireless communication to the commercial RoF system.
Results show that the effective RoF transmission fiber length is limited to 8 km for
SMF transmission due to the TDD framing in the connection using standard
WiMAX signal.
The studied results imply that if the total length of the WiMAX RoF is 8 km, the
distance between the MS and RAU should be very close.
Furthermore, the simulation results obtained proved the feasibility of RoF for
WiMAX system.