Photochemistry
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This document provides a historical overview of important milestones in photochemistry, physics, and biology related to the discovery and understanding of light and its interactions with matter. It begins with the biblical creation story and progresses through early experiments and theories in the 18th-19th centuries to modern developments like lasers, fluorescence tagging, and femtosecond spectroscopy. It also profiles Giacomo Luigi Ciamician, known as the "Father of Modern Molecular Photochemistry", and discusses fundamental photochemistry concepts and instrumentation.
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Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter is made of indivisible atoms and that atoms of different elements have different masses. However, later discoveries showed limitations of this theory. Atoms were found to be divisible into subatomic particles and isotopes of the same element can have different masses. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus, like planets around the sun. However, this model could not explain the stability of atoms and quantum theory was needed to fully explain atomic structure.
Lect22 handout
The document summarizes some key aspects of quantum mechanics that were at odds with classical physics, including three early indications:
1) Blackbody radiation - Max Planck found electromagnetic energy is radiated in discrete chunks called photons to explain blackbody radiation spectra.
2) Photoelectric effect - Einstein explained light comes in photons and each metal requires a minimum photon energy to eject electrons.
3) Wave-particle duality - Experiments showed electrons and other particles can behave as waves through interference and as particles through localized interactions, seemingly contradicting each other.
Dunia Kuantum Kita.ppt
1) The document discusses the wave-particle duality of nature and how our understanding of physical objects has changed in the 20th century with the development of quantum mechanics.
2) Key developments included the realization that light behaves as both waves and particles, and that electrons and other particles can also exhibit wave-like properties.
3) Quantum mechanics, developed by Heisenberg, Schrodinger and others, established that physical objects cannot be definitively described as either particles or waves, and are best described by probability distributions and mathematical wave functions.
Particle Properties of Wave
This document discusses various topics related to the particle properties of waves, including:
- The photoelectric effect and how photons carry energy in quantized packets.
- Max Planck's quantum hypothesis which established that electromagnetic wave energy is quantized in units of hf.
- Wave-particle duality and how light exhibits both wave and particle behaviors.
- X-rays and how they are produced via the inverse photoelectric effect when electrons are accelerated and strike a metal target.
- The Compton effect which demonstrates that photons can transfer energy and momentum to electrons during scattering.
- Photons, the basic unit of light and electromagnetic radiation which have zero mass but carry energy proportional to their frequency
Atomic structure
This document discusses the history of atomic theory and models of the atom. It describes early philosophers' ideas that matter is made of fundamental particles called atoms. In the 1800s, John Dalton proposed atoms as tiny, indivisible spheres that combine to form compounds. J.J. Thomson's experiments in the late 1800s showed atoms contain even smaller, negatively charged particles called electrons. Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1911 demonstrated atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing positive charge. Later models incorporated the discoveries of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, and quantum theory explained electron behavior.
The Physics Of Atomic Theory
Protons, neutrons and electrons are the fundamental particles that make up atoms. Protons have a positive charge and are found in the atom's nucleus along with neutrons, which have no charge. The number of protons determines what element the atom is. Electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus.
Each element is defined by its number of protons. The number of neutrons can vary which creates different isotopes of an element. For example, all carbon atoms have 6 protons but some carbon atoms have 6 neutrons and some have 7. Protons and neutrons are made up of even smaller particles called quarks. Protons contain 2 up
Prof Steve F King 'The standard models in particle physics'
Professor Steve F King presented his 'The Standard Models In Particle Physics' talk to Cafe Scientifique, Isle of Wight on 13 April 2015.
17 Mar 31 Radioactivity For Slideshare
This document provides an introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics. It discusses goals of learning about the physics of radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and their applications. It also covers hazards and safety mechanisms. Examples discussed include observing particle trails in a cloud chamber, the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and how intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law.
EVOLUTION OF ATOMIC MODELS .pdf
The evolution of the atomic structure is a fascinating journey of discovery and understanding that spans several centuries. It involves the contributions of numerous scientists and experiments that have gradually shaped our current understanding of the atom. Here is a brief overview of the key milestones in the evolution of atomic structure
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Origin of Quantum Mechanics: Scratching the back of quantum world
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It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
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Photochemistry
- 1. And God said, let there be light: and there was light.
- 3. Giacomo Luigi Ciamician: Father of Modern Molecular Photochemistry His first photochemistry experiment was published in 1886 and was titled “On the conversion of quinone into quinol by light”. Born August 25, 1857(1857-08-25) Trieste, Austria Died January 2, 1922 (aged 64) Bologna, Italy Education University of Vienna Employer University of Bologna
- 5. Fundamental theories of Photochemistry
- 10. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
- 11. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
- 12. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
- 14. Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion setup
- 22. P=1.367kWm -2 - the solar constant – solar radiation power outside the Earth’s atmosphere Taken from: S. M. SZE; Physics of Semiconductor Devices; Second Edition; John Wiley & Sons;New York; 1981 SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE