In this presentation you will find a brief explanation on how English vowel sounds are produced, their articulation and a summary on their graphic representation.
In this presentation you will find a brief explanation on how English vowel sounds are produced, their articulation and a summary on their graphic representation.
Examine the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and how speech sounds are represented;
Explore sound segments ‘phonemes’ and sound combinations;
Explain the distinction between phonemes and allophones;
Discuss the suprasegmental features including length, stress, and pitch as well as syllables;
Apply the learned knowledge in helping students improve L2 pronunciation.
This is my 1st semester assignment on "Pronunciation" topic. This assignment will help the reader to understand how to pronounce English phonemes correctly. International Phonetic Alphabet is the tool for English students to practice their pronunciation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Phonology
• Phonology studies the way the speakers of a
language systematically use a selection of
sounds to express meaning.
• Description of the systems and patterns of
speech sounds in a language.
• Discover the principles that govern the way
sounds are organized in a language
Kanthimathi
2. Phoneme
• A smallest significant sound unit
• Each sound is distinctive in nature
• Phoneme can be made of one or more letters.
Eg: shoe– has 4 letters but sh is one phoneme /ʃ/ and oe is /u:/
• change of this can bring change in meaning
44 phonemes in Received Pronunciation
24 consonants - /p/ /b/, /t/ /d/, /k/ /g/, /f/ /v/, /s/ /z/, /θ/ /ð/,
/ʃ/ /ʒ/, /ʈʃ/ /dʒ/ /h/, /w/, /n/, /m/, /r/, /j/, /ŋ/, /l/.
20 vowels - /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ʊ/, /ɒ/, /ə/,/i:/, /ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ɜ:/, /u:/.
Kanthimathi
3. • Phonemes are language specific
• Each language has selected sounds into set
patterns
• English and Tamil – Difference
Hope you know to pronounce all the phonemes
• /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ʊ/, /ɒ/, /ə/,/i:/, /ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ɜ:/,
/u:/ /p/ /b/, /t/ /d/, /k/ /g/, /f/ /v/, /s/ /z/, /θ/
/ð/, /ʃ/ /ʒ/, /ʈʃ/ /dʒ/ /h/, /w/, /n/, /m/, /r/, /j/,
/ŋ/, /l/
https://images.app.goo.gl/7Ax9p9HaTTQpEMdv5
Kanthimathi
7. Allophones
• /p/,/t/,/k/ aspirated in initial position
• Different phonetic realization of a phoneme
[p] [ph]
Allophones don’t bring change in meaning
Eg: party tiger
Intelligibility problem – substitution of unaspirated for
aspirated eg- pull, touch
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8. • Allophonic variants of a phoneme belong to
the same phoneme
• [k] and [kh] allophones of /k/
Phones
distinctive Not distinctive
phonemes allophones
Kanthimathi
9. phoneme
allophone
Allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds, or
phones or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular
language
Kanthimathi
10. ASPIRATION
• A puff or burst of air
• Allophones of /p/ are [p] and [ph]
• Paper – /pheipə/ pronounced with aspiration
• Spill –/spil/ pronounced without aspiration
• Try saying Stop and spot with and without aspiration for
/t/
Does aspiration change the meaning – NO
English ASPIRATION – NO change in meaning
If you know Hindi – try this –
Aspiration changes the meaning ?
Kanthimathi
11. Minimal pair
• two words are identical in form except for
contrast in one phoneme, occurring in the
same position
• Distinction of only one sound - minimal
Pin bin pan man
Kin tin fan van
• A minimal pair is a pair of words with ONE
phonemic difference only.
Kanthimathi
12. Are these minimal pair
• cat - bat k and b yes
• kite – night k and n yes
• Maid – made same pronunciation No
• Made – mode is this a minimal pair?
• Made – paid ?
• Rat – Ran ?
• Sight – light ?
Kanthimathi
