This document discusses phobias, including their symptoms, types, causes, and management. It defines phobia as an intense and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation. The three major types of phobias are specific phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia. Specific phobias involve irrational fears of things like animals, heights, and small spaces. Social phobia is a fear of social or performance situations where one may be scrutinized. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places or crowds. Phobias are thought to develop from conditioning, biological factors, and psychoanalytic theories. Treatment involves psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and homeopathic management.

2. OBJECTIVES
Understanding phobia along with its
various presentations and how to
manage such cases.

3. HISTORY

4. intense, persistent irrational and
recurrent fear
avoid the
dreaded object, place or situation despite the
awareness and reassurance

5. FEAR VERSES PHOBIA
• FEAR CAN BE EXPLAINED AS A NORMAL RESPONSE
TO GENUINE DANGER
• A PHOBIA IS AN EXTREME IRRITATIONAL FEAR TO
SPECIFIC THING OR SITUATION

6. SYMPTOMS
• Dread
• Panic
• Terror
• Dizziness
• Light-headed
• Difficulty Breathing
• Racing Heart Rate
• Sweating
• Hot and Cold Flashes

7. TYPES
• Specific Phobia or Simple Phobia
• Social Phobia
• Agoraphobia

8. SPECIFIC PHOBIA
• The DSM-IV identifies subtypes of the most
common specific phobias.
• Animal type
• Natural Environment type
• Blood-injection-injury type
• Situational type
• Other type

9. SPECIFIC PHOBIA
CLASSIFICATION FEAR
ACROPHOBIA HEIGHTS
ANTHROPHOBIA PEOPLE
ARACHNOPHOBIA SPIDERS
ASTRAPHOBIA LIGHTNING
CLAUSTROPHOBIA CLOSED SPACES
CYNOPHOBIA DOGS
MIKROPHOBIA GERMS
MUROPHOBIA MICE
OHIDIOPHOBIA SNAKE
PYROPHOBIA FIRE
THANATOPHOBIA DEATH
XENOPHOBIA STRANGERS
ZOOPHOBIA ANIMALS
NYCTOPHOBIA DARKNESS

10. SOCIAL PHOBIA
• DSM- a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or
performance situations in which the person is exposed to
unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others.
• The individual fears that he or she will act in a way that will
be humiliating.
• The presence of social phobia may be associated with a
higher morbid risk for major depression.
• Symptoms associated with social phobia usually involve
blushing, muscle twitching, and anxiety about scrutiny.

11. AGAROPHOBIA
Typical fear of public places or crowds.

12. ETIOLOGY
• PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
• CONDITIONED REFLEX THEORY
• BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

13. MANAGEMENT
• PSYCHOTHERAPHY
• BEHAVIOUR THERAPHY
• HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT

14. conclusion
• Phobia is an intense, persistent irrational and
recurrent fear of specific object, activity or
situation.
• Three major types:
• Specific Phobia or Simple Phobia
• Social Phobia
• Agoraphobia

15. REFERENCES
• SHORT TEXT BOOK OF PSYCHIATRY – AHUJA
• SYNOPSIS OF PSYCHIATRY – KAPLANA AND SODOCK