The document discusses phobias, including their history, types, causes, symptoms, treatment, and statistics. It defines phobias as irrational fears and describes some specific phobias like social phobia, agoraphobia, and animal phobias. It outlines treatment methods for phobias including psychotherapy, counterconditioning, medication, and exposure therapy. It provides statistics on prevalence of phobias and unusual phobias like the fear of spoons or ducks.
According to the American Psychiatric Association, a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm. For example, those suffering from agoraphobia fear being trapped in an inescapable place or situation.
In order to prevent and reduce suffering knowledge of phobia and how can it be treated is essential
Fears & Phobia By Ms. Paulomi Pandit.
We are only born with 2 fears, we acquire learn others fears with others.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
A phobia is defined as the unrelenting fear of a situation, activity, or thing. These are largely under reported, probably because many phobia sufferers find ways to avoid the situations to which they are phobic. Statistics that estimate how many people suffer from phobias vary widely.
Definition
Subtype of specific phobia
Age of onset
Signs and Symptoms
DSM V Criteria
Comorbidity
Prevelance and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment
According to the American Psychiatric Association, a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm. For example, those suffering from agoraphobia fear being trapped in an inescapable place or situation.
In order to prevent and reduce suffering knowledge of phobia and how can it be treated is essential
Fears & Phobia By Ms. Paulomi Pandit.
We are only born with 2 fears, we acquire learn others fears with others.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
A phobia is defined as the unrelenting fear of a situation, activity, or thing. These are largely under reported, probably because many phobia sufferers find ways to avoid the situations to which they are phobic. Statistics that estimate how many people suffer from phobias vary widely.
Definition
Subtype of specific phobia
Age of onset
Signs and Symptoms
DSM V Criteria
Comorbidity
Prevelance and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Treatment
Abdulaziz Alhajeri Ch s 151 Tu-Th 9.30 Informative Spe.docxannetnash8266
Abdulaziz Alhajeri
Ch s 151
Tu-Th 9.30
Informative Speech
June 17, 2014
Phobias
Can you imagine being so afraid of something that it becomes hard to breathe? That your anxiety is so high that you are completely frozen? What if you did not know when you would experience this level of fear which could happen at any time and you live your life trying to avoid it? This is what having a phobia can feel like. According to the National Institute of Health, more than 3.6 million Americans have a phobia of some sort and can live with fear like this every day. Upon learning about other people's phobias, some people can say that they sound irrational and don't make sense, but this is how a phobia can be characterized.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition there are different types of phobias: social phobias, specific phobias and agoraphobia. Social phobias can be divided into two categories: generalized social phobia and specific social phobia. Generalized social phobia is better known as social anxiety disorder. According to Franklin Schneider 2006, approximately 12% of Americans have social anxiety disorder at some time in their life. This disorder can be explained as the fear of being judged or by doing something embarrassing in public. This disorder may cause sufferers to avoid social situations as much as possible. Specific social phobia is more targeted and can be experienced in social situations with specific triggers such as someone with glossophobia who fears public speaking. Glossophobia is thought to be the most common phobia in America.
The most well known types of phobias are those which fall under the category of specific phobias. These are phobias which cause the sufferer to go out of his or her way to avoid the thing that cause this fear altogether. Specific phobias themselves can be divided into 5 different types: Animal type (such as arachnophobia, a fear of spiders), natural environment type (such as claustrophobia, a fear of confined spaces), situational type (such as acrophobia, a fear of heights), blood/injection/injury type (such as necrophobia, a fear of death) and other. Specific phobias are very common among children between the ages of 7 and 13 and can often been seen as a normal part of the developmental process.
Agoraphpobia is the final kind of phobia noted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Agoraphobia is the fear of open spaces which often leaves the sufferer house-bound for many years, unable to leave the walls of their home for fear of what lies outside of these walls. I have an aunt who suffers from this kind of phobia and rarely leaves her house even though she has nothing to do there and it makes her life very difficult. As we said before, these fears can be completely irrational to those who do not suffer from them.
But how can we diagnose a phobia? One fact is that we cannot diagnose a .
Free Webinar on "Anxiety & Panic Attacks"
Anxiety and panic attacks have identical signs, also often occur simultaneously and can be physically and emotionally dreadful and terrifying.
Panic attacks are usually more extreme and may or may not be as a result of Anxiety.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this webinar is to identify when you're having a panic or anxiety attack. Moreover, it would help to cope up with the situations that cause anxiety and panic attacks and inform you on how to deal with it whenever you experience this.
Furthermore, you would be able to help someone else who are suffering with it!
Illness does not ask, it demands. Younger population perceives the un-earning family members as burden on their shoulders with more responsibility, which is taken as an economic loss, even if they are their parents. Anxiety is a broad aspect, which should not be termed as illness- as it is common emotion to experience in every individual’s life. But in 21st century due to defective coping mechanism, poor socialization, sedentary lifestyle- anxiety has become the slow poison to majority of the population, globally. Especially to the elder age group, which highlights the need of quick concern to look after it genuinely. Anxiety is an broad spectrum of disorder, constituting many of the forms which ae common for the human behavior to perform in the society. Management plays the essential role in conflicting the anxiety. Problem solving skills, coping mechanism and self esteem are the basics to tackle the anxiety as a whole.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Done by:
Saffia Al Zoubi (215510634)
Ghadeer Al-Kholaidi (214511257)
Maisa Salem (211410501)
Mahnoor Siddiqui (215510561)
Fatima Alhamed (215410395)
2. A phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or
situation.
In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment
or fear of harm.
3. • The first written reference to phobic
problems is in the works of the
ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates. He wrote about his
patients.
• In one of his works
Hippocrates described a condition
in a man named Nicanor. Whenever
Nicanor went out at night, he would
get terrified of the sound of flute.
When the piper began to play, the
music immediately threw him into
such a great fright, (Oddly, the flute
music only bothered Nicanor at night
and, in the daylight he was fine.)
4. Phobia Fear
A phobia is similar to a fear with
one key difference: the anxiety they
experience is so strong that it
interferes with their quality of life
and/ or their ability to function
A fear is an emotional response to a
real or perceived threat. Fears are
common in the population and are
often normal -- or at least innocuous
-- reactions to objects or events
5. Phobias are more than just a simple fear and can be developed through
childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood
what are the causes of phobia?
phobias can be caused due to either Genetics or environmental factors
other reasons for phobias can be :
• Children with close relatives
that have certain phobias like
anxiety can make the child
develop phobias in the future
• When stressed or pressured in
certain events can also causes
phobias
• Being exposed to small spaces ,
extreme heights and some kind
of animals or insect bites can
also be a source of phobias
6. The symptoms of phobias are generally the same symptoms for every kind of
phobia but may differ in one or two things. These symptoms can be either physical
or psychological.
The most common symptom is a feeling of anxiety or a panic attack but a person
can still have a phobia of something and not experience these symptoms. A panic
attack can result in a lot of other symptoms including:
• Sweating
• Heart palpitations
• A need to use the bathroom
• Numbness in any part of the body
• Chest tightness
• Stomachache or a feeling of nausea or vomiting
• Breathing hard
• An increase in blood pressure
Physical Symptoms
7. Psychological Symptoms
• fear of losing control
• fear of losing consciousness
• feelings of fatigue
• And the most severe: fear of dying
People exhibit these symptoms and have a phobia of something even though it
does not portray any form of harm to other people and can be considered illogical
to some.
Other physical symptoms include:
• Not being able to function well in the presence of
the thing that gives you phobia
• Trying to avoid that thing even if avoiding it is
troublesome to one’s life
• Having irregular sleeping habits and interrupted
body functions
8. • FEAR OF “OPEN SPACES”, panic disorder
• Extreme fear of places or situations where escape is
difficult or where help is unavailable.
• Effects:, avoid going out, stress, panic attacks, fear of
being alone, depression
• EXAMPLE: CROWDED PLACES, AIRPLANES
(TRANSPORTATION), home
Agoraphobia
9. • “social anxiety disorder”
• Excessive fear of social situations embarrassment,
judgments
• Effects: self consciousness, anxiety, limited interference,
avoid others, low self-esteem
• 2nd most common type of anxiety disorder
• 3rd most common mental disorder in the USA
• Examples: fear of eating with people, public
speaking, social contact in general
Social phobia
10. • Unreasonable, excessive fear of certain objects or
situations in daily life
• Effects: intense anxiety, person’s ability to function
Specific phobia
13. • When a person is diagnosed with a certain
phobia its either :
which is developed early in childhood between the
ages of 4-8 . it can be developed because of a
certain experience that grows the fear within them,
and times passes till it turns into a fear (Phobia) . it
is not necessarily a genetic cause sometimes an
unpleasant event happened which left a mark on
the child
from the name this type of phobia is a complicated type, because it is a
combination of genetics , brain chemistry and certain life experiences.
another cause of complex phobia can be found in the field of neuroscience. the
brain sees certain images as scary or frighting, by that it sends a message to the
brain which it starts to develop some kind of fear (Phobia).
Simple phobia:
Complex phobia
14. How well phobia treatment will work depends partly on the severity of the
phobia. Though some phobias are never completely cured, therapy can help
many people learn to function effectively.
Types of therapy include:
Counter-Conditioning
Psychotherapy
Medication
Some overcame their fears by attending phobia clinics and support groups
15. Counter-conditioning
• Some patients cannot handle flooding in any form,
so an alternative classical conditioning technique is
used called counter-conditioning (Watson, 1924).
• The patient is trained to substitute a relaxation
response for the fear response in the presence of
the phobic stimulus. Relaxation is incompatible with
feeling fearful or having anxiety, so it is said that the
relaxation response counters the fear response.
• For some phobias, desensitization therapy and
relaxation techniques are very successful.
This desensitization involves three steps:
Teach relaxation techniques (e.g. slow breathing)
Establish hierarchy of fear (low-high)
Work up hierarchy, pairing each level with relaxation
16. Psychotherapy
• Treating social phobia usually involves gradual exposure
to social situations, along with role-playing and rehearsal.
Individuals are taught methods to reduce the anxiety they
feel. They are also encouraged to be less critical of
themselves.
• The best treatment for agoraphobia is to gradually move
the phobic person into the places and situations that trigger
anxiety. By taking small steps each day – with the company
of a trusted person - a sufferer eventually learns to cope
with situations that once caused intense fear.
• This way of treatment is most often used in a systematic
way to very gradually introduce the feared stimulus in a
step-by-step fashion known as systematic
desensitization, first used by Joseph Wolpe (1958)
• Relaxation techniques, and regular deep breathing help to
overcome anxiety during treatment.
17. Medication
• The therapist may sometimes decide that
medications will help. In the treatment of
phobias, medications are used in conjunction
with therapy and may not necessarily be a part
of initial treatment.
• Antidepressants reuptake inhibitors like paroxetine or antianxiety, can be
especially helpful in the treatment of social phobia and preventing panic attacks
that take part in phobias such as agoraphobia. This way, the patients can deal
with the problem itself without having to deal with the panic attacks that come
from it
• Short-term treatment may also include sedative-hypnotic drugs can relieve
anxiety but may be habit-forming and cause drowsiness. Therefore, they may
not be the best choice when long-term symptom control is needed, or when one
has to be fully alert and perform certain tasks such as driving or operating
machines.
• Beta-blockers are also sometimes given lessen the fear response.
• Finally, some anticonvulsant medicines such as Neurontin and Lyrica have been
shown in early research studies to have value for several forms of social phobia
including anxiety disorder
18. Percentage of people who have one or more
phobias in a given year (US population)
4%-5%
Percentage of people who have at least one
specific phobia in their lifetime (adults and
children)
16% and 5% respectively
Percentage of specific phobias that are severe,
modest, and benign
9%, 30%, and 48.1% respectively
Percentage of people with social phobia who
seek treatment
23%
Percentage of people who suffer from
claustrophobia
5% to 7%
Percentage of the people in the world who suffer
from social phobia between the ages of 15 and 20
3%
Things that are feared but are considered trivial 90%
Number of people who have a diagnosed phobia
(US population)
6.3 million
Number of phobias in the world that are known to
psychologists
400
19. • Women are more likely to have animal phobia
and social phobia than men
• Majority of the people with specific phobias
don’t seek treatment.
• Phobias are linked to the amygdala and this
is what triggers the release of the fight or
flight hormone
• Agoraphobia can make it extremely difficult
for a person to leave their house.
• Agoraphobia often develops after having one
or more panic attacks.
20. • Anatidaephobia is the fear that a duck somewhere somehow is
watching you
• Omphalophobia is the fear of bellybuttons
• Turophobia is the fear of cheese
• Coulrophobia is the fear of clowns
• Tripophobia is the fear of tiny holes in irregular patterns
• Koutaliaphobia is the fear of spoons
22. • Saffia Al Zoubi (ID: 215510634): The symptoms of
phobia, statistics and facts, world’s most unusual phobias,
and compiling the information into one presentation
• Ghadeer Al-kholaidi (ID: 214511257): The
treatment of phobia
• Maisa Salem (ID: 211410501): Causes and
diagnosis of phobia
• Mahnoor Siddiqui (ID: 215510561): Types of
phobias, famous phobias, and short clip of phobia
• Fatima Alhamed (ID: 215410395): What is phobia,
history of phobia, and difference between phobia and fear
23. • K. C. (2016, May 9). What Are the Different Types of Phobias? Retrieved from
https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-phobia-2795454
• Adapted from The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Phobias, copyright 2009, by Greg Korgeski, Ph.D.
• R. C., Ph.D. (2012, June 16). The Difference Between Phobia and Fear. Retrieved from
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/roger-covin/phobia-and-fear_b_1596640.html
• http://www.phobics-society.org.uk/causes-of-phobias/
• http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Phobias/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
• http://chealth.canoe.com/Condition/GetCondition/Phobias
• http://psychcentral.com/lib/facts-about-phobias/ (By national institute of mental health
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-37000/Trapped-web-phobias.html (By Michael Hanlon)
• http://factsd.com/phobia-facts/ (By Kristoff Bella)
• http://www.healthline.com/health/phobia-simple-specific#Overview1
• http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/specific-phobias
• http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder?page=2#1
• http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder
• http://www.nickiswift.com/3628/celebrities-weird-phobias/
• http://phobialist.com/treat.html
• http://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/therapy-for-anxiety-disorders.htm
• http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/understanding-phobias-treatment