The document discusses the relationship between morality and religion. It explores different perspectives on whether religious ethics are fundamentally different from secular ethics. Some key points made include: Kant argued that morality does not depend on religion as reason alone can guide us to ethical principles; however, others believe morality depends on God's commands as what is right is determined by what God wills; natural law theorists see morality as reflecting universal laws of nature discoverable by human reason that are in line with God's plan.
Morality is the differentiation of intentions,decisions and actions between those that are distinguised as proper and those that are improper.In other words,it is the disjunction between right and wrong.
Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosphy ,religion or culture ,or it can derive from a standard of that a person belives should be universal. Morality can also be called to be synonymous with “rightness” or “goodness”.
Morality is the differentiation of intentions,decisions and actions between those that are distinguised as proper and those that are improper.In other words,it is the disjunction between right and wrong.
Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosphy ,religion or culture ,or it can derive from a standard of that a person belives should be universal. Morality can also be called to be synonymous with “rightness” or “goodness”.
This slides are meant ti introduce a course on moral philosophy. All photos in it came from the net. Sources are not included though they are mainly from Google images.
Abstract: Ethics and Religion go side by side, is what a person will say to clarify on this subject. So the question arises as to why one needs to be ethical or religious, or in other words why everyone wants a label of being good and just or term themselves as ethical or religious.Most of the moral philosophers would say this is not the case,yet it can really be helpful to understand this concept. This means that people can maintain certain ethical perspectives, principles and behavior without engaging oneself in religious or spiritual beliefs, institutions, or practices.
This slides are meant ti introduce a course on moral philosophy. All photos in it came from the net. Sources are not included though they are mainly from Google images.
Abstract: Ethics and Religion go side by side, is what a person will say to clarify on this subject. So the question arises as to why one needs to be ethical or religious, or in other words why everyone wants a label of being good and just or term themselves as ethical or religious.Most of the moral philosophers would say this is not the case,yet it can really be helpful to understand this concept. This means that people can maintain certain ethical perspectives, principles and behavior without engaging oneself in religious or spiritual beliefs, institutions, or practices.
A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that are intended to explain the meaning of life and/or to explain the origin of life or the Universe.
1 Philosophy 222 Ethics University of New Haven .docxmercysuttle
1
Philosophy 222: Ethics
University of New Haven
Instructor Brian Bellamy
Lecture Notes for Weeks 1-5
Philosophy 222: Ethics-Introduction
Ethics and Critical Thinking
Meta Ethics- questions about the nature and concepts of
ethics.
Is Ethics based on reason or emotions/ feelings/
intuitions?
Considerations for Ethical Evaluations
The first step in any argument [or in critical thinking] is
to be clear on exactly what is at issue, exactly what the
conclusion is.
Red Herring Fallacy- When an arguer uses an
irrelevant point to support their conclusion
Considerations for Ethical Evaluations
Ad Hominem Fallacy- an attack on the person, as the source
of the argument.
If someone gives an argument, we must evaluate the
argument on its own merits, not the merits of the
person giving the argument.
Considerations for Ethical Evaluations
Moral Authority- someone whose life appears to be morally
exemplary, and therefore seemingly fit to give advice on
moral and ethical conduct.
Examples of Moral Authority
Mark Furman
Lost Moral Authority in O.J. Simpson trial because of his
reputation as a racist…
Example of Moral Authority
Rosa Parks
Exemplar of true moral authority. She demonstrated courage
and exercised integrity when she unilaterally protested an
evil and unjust system, although supported by local and
federal laws.
Considerations for Ethical Evaluations
The Principle of Charity and the Strawman Fallacy
Principle of Charity- The principle of being charitable or
generous toward the positions and arguments we oppose.
2
Strawman Fallacy- when someone distorts or
misrepresents a position in order to make it easier to
attack
Considerations for Ethical Evaluations
Examples: Abortion-Pro-life argument
* It is obvious that my opponent does not value the human
life of infant babies.
*Well now that I think about it, abortion is an excellent
way to control overpopulation.
Studying Ethics (cont.)
Natural Morality Versus Transcendent Morality
Natural morality- position that ideas concerning morality
and “how to live the good life” come from within our
nature.
Transcendent Morality- position that ideas concerning
morality and “how to live the good life” come from without
from a higher being, i.e. The Creator, God Almighty, Allah
God’s Commandments and Ethics
Theological Voluntarism is named so because it makes
ethical principles dependent on what God wills. “If God
says, then that settles it!”
God’s Commandments and Ethics
(Cont.)
Theological Voluntarism- view that “… moral principles are
set by God, God doesn’t change and doesn’t make exceptions,
so God’s commandments are fixed and eternal and absolute.
What is right is whatever God Commands, or whatever God
chooses. God does not condemn murder because murder is
wrong; rather, murder is wrong because Go ...
this presentation shares the detail about spirituality and religion, spirituality and religion in management,spirituality and religion in personal life , difference between spirituality and religion
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TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Phl 105 morality & religion(2)
1.
2. What is the difference between Morality and
Religion?
Is there a relationship between Morality &
Religion?
No Morality without Religion?
Why people need these/ this?
3.
4.
5.
6. Religare
Latin root
Re plus ligare
‘again’ combined with ‘to
bind’ meaning ‘to tie fast’
Religia
Latin – ‘obligation’ or ‘bond’
Religion deals with the big
issues in life – good and evil
– important to people.
- Ex. Some believers cling to
their faith and even prepared
to die for it.
7. Religion is “to join again,” “to reconnect.”
The Latin roots of the word religion are thought to be re
and lig
Re means “again”
Lig means “join” or “connect” (as in “ligament”)
The word religion suggests the joining of our natural,
human world to the sacred world.
8. In narrow sense:
Teaching, advice, and command of a respectfully
recognized teacher (may be considered as a God)
In broad sense:
Set of belief recognized and followed by the followers
as the influence of the super/hero man
The belief in supernatural influences
Belief in the holy teaching and command (doctrine) of
the God man…
Teaching people to be moral
The aspects of ritual, morality, theology, and mystical
experience
9. Religion of Animism / Super-Naturalism
Belief in super nature (natural influence)
Ex: belief in mountains, sea, lakes, trees,…
Religion of God Existence
Belief in God/ gods
Ex: God creates everything and destroy it,…
Religion of Non-God Existence/ Religion of truth
Philosophy
Philosophy of life, reality, rationality, logics,…
Ex: Life is suffering,…
10.
11.
12.
13. 1. It serves many human needs. One primary need is
having a means to deal with our mortality.
• Religion can help us cope with death, and
religious rituals can offer us comfort.
2. It helps us to respond to our natural wonder about
ourselves and the cosmos
3. It’s a human attempt to feel more secure in an
unfeeling universe.
4. It grows out of psychological needs
5. It is a way of life founded upon the apprehension of
sacredness in existence
14. Religion is simply defined as belief system which consists of
7 features:
Doctrine (basic principles & teachings)
Mythology (stories of gods & history of RGL)
Concept of religious experiences (consciousness)
Institutions (Church, Buddhist monastery...)
Ethical content (practical instructions)
Rituals (ceremony, sacrifice)
Sacred objects & places (inanimate items...)
(Ninian Smart, British Philosopher & theologian)
15. The written body of teachings of a religious group that
are generally accepted by that group
The basic principles of any religion are known as
doctrine – believers are taught to understand and accept.
Some religions open to interpret then leads faith to
change and diversify, but some do not.
Sources of doctrines: scriptures; sacred texts; and
continual process of reading & interpreting texts
16. A mythology is a collection of stories about God/
gods, covering particularly the origins of the cosmos
and humanity, and the role of divine.
A religion’s mythology underpins its beliefs,
explains the way of the world is, and provides moral
lessons to guide the followers
17. Common to all religions is the idea that worshippers
, in some way or another, can experience the
absolute, or God. This experience is most obviously
recognizable as a kind of heightened state of being –
ecstasy, trance, exaltation, or calm – reaches beyond
the everyday.
18. Religious Institutions are the groups of people who
come together to lead a faith.
A religion may have a single, central leader, who
presides over a highly organized administration; or
it may have a less formal governance, or consist of
several churches with local leaders.
19. Common to all the world’s religions is the idea that we
should try to live better lives.
Sacred texts and later teachings brim with the moral
instructions of early leaders, of prophets, and of God
himself.
The result is a rich framework of ethical values for all
followers to live
20. 1. To abstain from taking life
2. To abstain from taking what is not given
3. To abstain from sensuous misconduct
4. To abstain from false speech
5. To abstain from intoxicants as tending to cloud
the mind
21. A common theme runs through practice of rituals in
all the world’s religions: rituals that resonate with
the regular of human life give believers chances to
connect with the absolute – at specific stages of
development, at particular times of years, or as part
of regular worship.
22. Held in special reverence, sacred places and objects
are often linked with specific deities, religious
leaders, or specific times in a faith’s history. Places
may be marked with grand temples or monuments,
but even a wayside shrine used for spiritual
contemplation can be sacred.
23.
24. Are Religious Ethics essentially different from secular
ethics?
Kant argues that there is no difference- both God and
humanity have to obey the same rational principles and
reason is sufficient to guide us to these principles.
What is good is good will- acting according to
principles- Categorical Imperative.
God and immorality are necessary postulates of ethics-
ought implies can (if morally obliged to perform a
certain action, must logically be able to perform it –
must follow). God provides universal justice.
25. Bertrand Russell- humans are free to think, evaluate,
create, and live committed to ideals. Life has the
meaning we give it, and morality will be part of any
meaningful life.
James Rachels: In worshipping, God believers
relinquish their autonomy – one gives up their reason.
Rachels and Nowell-Smith contend that religious
morality is infantile because it is based on authority.
26. An act is morally required (right) just in case God
commands us to do it.
An act is morally wrong just in case God forbids us to
do it.
An act is permissible just in case God neither
commands nor forbids it.
Moral rightness= willed by God.
27. Morality is logically independent of God’s Will: God is
perfectly good and unlimited knowledge – permit
morally right and prohibit morally wrong
Morality is logically dependent on God’s Will: God is
perfectly good and unlimited knowledge – if stealing is
wrong, it is only God forbids it but if God did not, it
would not be wrong
28. Bible, Qoran, Tribitaka, Torah.......
What mentions in the holy book (s) of a religion to
allow or forbid
God’s commands/ guideline to follow
God imposes the set principles as authority to be
accepted whether morality or immorality (good or
evil)
29. Moral Principles refer to a set of belief in doing
good or bad (right or wrong) – avoiding all evil acts,
social norms, values, and self-interest
God’s Laws refer to the God’s commands
belief in God’s will and plan
God’s reward or punishment
30. God created nature and the laws of nature are in
accord with God’s plan.
Natural law is universal and the same for all human
beings at all times.
These moral laws of nature can be discovered by
human beings.
Thus, these are guides to human moral action.
31. Religion encourages people to do good acts
Religion blames and punishes/ forbid those who do
morally wrong
Moral Motivation refers to possibility of reward when
people conform moral norms
A self-interest binding in doing good and avoiding bad
Religion tells a way to HEAVEN and HELL