This document discusses the relationship between religion and ethics. It explores different perspectives on whether morality is dependent on religion such as the Divine Command Theory and the Independence Thesis. The document also examines arguments for and against the idea that religion enhances moral life or is even contrary to morality. Key figures discussed include Kant, Russell, Hume, Nowell-Smith, and Rachels.
Virtue ethics is an approach to ethics which emphasizes the character of the moral agent, rather than rules or consequences, as the key element of ethical thinking.
Virtue ethics is an approach to ethics which emphasizes the character of the moral agent, rather than rules or consequences, as the key element of ethical thinking.
Norm
Norm of Morality
• Types of norm:
Eternal Divine Law
Human Reason
Law as the object norm of morality
• General Notion of Law
o Law of Nature
o Natural Law
Moral Law
o Essential Elements for a Law to be Reasonable:
• Divisions of Law
o Eternal Law
The Natural Moral Law
Law of Conscience
i. Attributes of the Natural Law
ii. The Contents of Natural Law
Formal norms
Material norms
Human Positive Law
Law as the subject norm of morality
Conscience
• Conscience as an Act of Intellect
(Judgement of Reason)
• Conscience as a Practical Moral Judgement
• Conscience as the Proximate Norm of Morality
• Kinds of Conscience
i. Correct or True Conscience
ii. Erroneous of False conscience
Invincibly erroneous conscience
Vincibly erroneous conscience
Perplexed conscience
Pharisaical conscience
i. Certain Conscience
ii. Doubtful Conscience
iii. Scrupulous Conscience
iv. Lax Conscience
At the end of the lesson, you should be able learn:
1. recognize and recall a moral experience;
2. detect a moral dilemma;
3 .identify the three levels of moral dilemmas.
This presentation is all about the Ethical Frameworks or Moral Framework which helps us to determine how to solve a problem that might occur from our moral judgement and issues.
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the moral challenges of globalization
2. compare responses to shared moral dilemmas of baby boomers and millennials
3. state qualities of the filinnials
4. construct a plan for the coping with the challenges of globalization .
The Contemporary World: Globalization of World PoliticsRommel Regala
This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences, it examines the economic, social, political, technological, and other transformations that have created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance, development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and goal ethical responsibility.
Norm
Norm of Morality
• Types of norm:
Eternal Divine Law
Human Reason
Law as the object norm of morality
• General Notion of Law
o Law of Nature
o Natural Law
Moral Law
o Essential Elements for a Law to be Reasonable:
• Divisions of Law
o Eternal Law
The Natural Moral Law
Law of Conscience
i. Attributes of the Natural Law
ii. The Contents of Natural Law
Formal norms
Material norms
Human Positive Law
Law as the subject norm of morality
Conscience
• Conscience as an Act of Intellect
(Judgement of Reason)
• Conscience as a Practical Moral Judgement
• Conscience as the Proximate Norm of Morality
• Kinds of Conscience
i. Correct or True Conscience
ii. Erroneous of False conscience
Invincibly erroneous conscience
Vincibly erroneous conscience
Perplexed conscience
Pharisaical conscience
i. Certain Conscience
ii. Doubtful Conscience
iii. Scrupulous Conscience
iv. Lax Conscience
At the end of the lesson, you should be able learn:
1. recognize and recall a moral experience;
2. detect a moral dilemma;
3 .identify the three levels of moral dilemmas.
This presentation is all about the Ethical Frameworks or Moral Framework which helps us to determine how to solve a problem that might occur from our moral judgement and issues.
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the moral challenges of globalization
2. compare responses to shared moral dilemmas of baby boomers and millennials
3. state qualities of the filinnials
4. construct a plan for the coping with the challenges of globalization .
The Contemporary World: Globalization of World PoliticsRommel Regala
This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences, it examines the economic, social, political, technological, and other transformations that have created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance, development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and goal ethical responsibility.
This presentation examines the moral argument for God and presents evidence that shows if God does not exist, then neither do objective moral values and duties.
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!Professor Derrick Willis.docxelinoraudley582231
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!
Professor Derrick Willis
The question of whether”morality needs religion” is an important one in both philosophy and religion. The central concern is where exactly does our sense of morality, of right and wrong, come from. Does our moral consciousness come from religion or God, or is it a socially constructed phenomenon - does it come from our parents, social environment, or community. If it is socially constructed, then where do we draw the line in terms of differences between cultures or cultural attitudes. For example, during Nazi Germany 12 million people were murdered, 6 million of whom were Jews. Their skin was used for lampshades, and they were tortured and used as slaves. If morality is socially constructed (that is based on culture) then does that mean that the cultural viewpoint of the Nazis was correct. And since we come from a different culture, then where and on what basis do we say that their cultural paradigm was incorrect or wrong? Who are we to tell them that their moral views (murder and torture) are wrong? This is the substance of the debate.
Author’s Viewpoint
Author C. Stephen Layman argues that morality does need religion because God becomes the absolute standard that draws the line. So Layman argues that:
Any claim concerning the Good must be based on religion as an independent idealprinciple.
Morality is a claim concerning the Good.
Therefore, morality must be based on religion as an independent ideal principle.
Layman argues that morality is not an emergent phenomenon, i.e., emerged into existence at a particular time and place, or in a particular social environment, but was established by God. Even though various cultures oppose murder, stealing, and lying, the foundation and groundwork for that was laid by God. We have a tendency to assign human value to principles that have ordered our universe from the beginning. Even though human beings twist religion to their own devices, there are in essence some universally agreed upon principles that they all share, opposition to murder and torture are two.
If our sense of right and wrong comes from culture then what about secret violations when no one’s looking. For the religious person secret violations aren’t permitted because God is watching, and as we know, you can’t hide from God. But if right and wrong are culturally determined then why not cheat or murder if you can get away with it. If no one knows; no harm, no foul.
And further still if it is culturally determined, then doesn’t this just simply insulate one culture in relation to the next. My culture is right, so I really have no moral obligation to a culture other than my own. This, according to Layman, creates a kind of cultural tribalism. My culture is my culture and you can’t judge it. If I need to kill my citizens to make life “better” in my country, then so be it. Your culture is your culture, and my culture is my culture, so butt out!
But if God is in.
When you say there is evil, aren’t you admitting there is good?
When you accept the existence of goodness, you must affirm a moral law on the basis of which to differentiate between good and evil.
But when you admit to a moral law, you must posit a moral lawgiver.[
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
1. Chapter Eleven:
Religion and Ethics
Religion has profoundly affected human
conscious life and moral behavior for over two
thousand years.
For Western Civilization, Morality has been
identified with adherence to religion.
2. Religion and Ethics
•To act immorally has been seen as essentially
disobeying God.
•Religion has dominated the moral landscape to
appear to be indistinguishable from morality.
•Most people identify morality with religion.
4. The Divine Command Theory
•Ethical principles are simply the commands of
God.
•They derive their validity from God
commanding them.
•Without God there would be no universally
valid morality.
5. Problems with the Divine
Command Theory
•Seems to make the attribution of “goodness” to
God redundant
•Seems to make morality into something
arbitrary
6. Independence Thesis
•Opposed to the Divine Command Theory
•Denies the thesis of the Divine Command
Theory
•Claims that morality does not originate with
God
•Rightness and Wrongness are not dependent on
God’s Will
•There are independent ways to act
7. Kant: God Makes Morality
Possible
•Kant claimed that both humans and God must
obey the same rational principles
•Being moral is our duty to God
•We ought to be moral, which means we can be
moral and therefore, we are able to reach moral
perfection, but being imperfect beings, it will not
occur in this lifetime.
8. Is Religion Irrelevant or Even
Contrary to Morality?
•Russell: Religion Irrelevant to Morality
•Hume: The Immorality of God and Religion
•Nowell-Smith and Rachels: Religion Conflicts
with Moral Autonomy
9. Does Religion Enhance
The Moral Life?
•If there is a God, good will win out over evil.
•If God exists, then cosmic justice reigns in the
universe.
•If Theism is true, moral reasons always override
nonmoral reasons.
•If Theism is true, then there is a God who loves
and cares for us
10. Does Religion Enhance
The Moral Life?
•If there is a God who created us in his image, all
persons are of equal worth.
•If God exists, we have a compelling solution to
the posterity problem.
11. The Case against Religion
•A lot of evil has been done by religious people
in the name of religion
•We don't know for sure whether a benevolent
God exists
•Religious morality closes off dialogue
•Religious morality leads to group intolerance
•Religious morality threatens church-state
separation
