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Phishing
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- 2. HISTORY Originofname Earliest hackers wereknown as phreaks. Phreaking means exploration, experimenting and study of telecommunication systems. The “ph” spelling was used to link phishing scams with these underground communities. A good reason for the use of “ph” in place of the “f” in the spelling of the term. FirstRecordedmention The first time that the term “phishing” was used and recorded was on January 2, 1996. The mention occurred in a Usenet newsgroup called AOHell. Phishingbegins Traced back to the early 1990s via America Online, or AOL. A group of hackers and pirates that branded the warez community are considered the first “phishers.” Created an algorithm that allowed them to generate random credit card numbers. Successful hits were used to make phony AOL accounts. These accounts were used to spam others in AOL’s community.
- 3. HISTORY Originofname Earliest hackers wereknown as phreaks. Phreaking means exploration, experimenting and study of telecommunication systems. The “ph” spelling was used to link phishing scams with these underground communities. A good reason for the use of “ph” in place of the “f” in the spelling of the term. FirstRecordedmention The first time that the term “phishing” was used and recorded was on January 2, 1996. The mention occurred in a Usenet newsgroup called AOHell. Phishingbegins By 1995, AOL was able to stop the random credit card generators Then the warez group moved on to other methods, specifically pretending to be AOL employees and messaging people via AOL Messenger for their information. This quickly became such a problem that on January 2, 1996, the word “phishing” was first posted in a Usenet group dedicated to American Online.
- 4. WHAT IS PHISHING? Phishingis a cybercrime where targets are exploited by someone posing as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into providing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, banking and credit card details, and passwords. The information is then used to access important accounts and can result in identity theft and financial loss.
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- 6. COMMON TYPES • Deceptive- Sending a deceptive email, in bulk, with a “call to action” that demands the recipient click on a link.
- 7. COMMON TYPES • Malware-Based- Running malicious software on the user’s machine. Various forms of malware-based phishing are: • Key Loggers & Screen Loggers • Session Hijackers • Web Trojans • Data Theft
- 8. COMMON TYPES • DNS-Based- Phishing that interferes with the integrity of the lookup process for a domain name. Forms of DNS-based phishing are: • Hosts file poisoning • Polluting user’s DNS cache • Proxy server compromise
- 9. COMMON TYPES • Content-Injection– Inserting malicious content into legitimate site. • Three primary types of content-injection phishing: • Hackers can compromise a server through a security vulnerability and replace or augment the legitimate content with malicious content. • Malicious content can be inserted into a site through a cross-site scripting vulnerability. • Malicious actions can be performed on a site through a SQL injection vulnerability.
- 10. COMMON TYPES • Man-in-the-MiddlePhishing - Phisher positions himself between the user and the legitimate site. • Search Engine Phishing - Create web pages for fake products, get the pages indexed by search engines, and wait for users to enter their confidential information as part of an order, sign-up, or balance transfer.
- 11. CAUSES OF PHISHINGEFFECTS OF PHISHING Misleading e-mails No check of source address Vulnerability in browsers No strong authentication at websites of banks and financial institutions Limited use of digital signatures Non-availability of secure desktop tools Lack of user awareness Vulnerability in applications Internet fraud Identity theft Financial loss to the original institutions Difficulties in Law Enforcement Investigations Erosion of Public Trust in the Internet.
- 12. EFFECTS OF PHISHING •Internet fraud • Identity theft • Financial loss to the original institutions • Difficulties in Law Enforcement Investigations • Erosion of Public Trust in the Internet.
- 13. HOW TO COMBATPHISHING • Educate application users • Think before you open • Never click on the links in an email , message boards or mailing lists • Never submit credentials on forms embedded in emails • Inspect the address bar and SSL certificate • Never open suspicious emails • Ensure that the web browser has the latest security patch applied • Install latest anti-virus packages • Destroy any hard copy of sensitive information • Verify the accounts and transactions regularly • Report the scam via phone or email.
- 14. HOW TO COMBATPHISHING • Formulate and enforce Best practices • Authorization controls and access privileges for systems, databases and applications. • Access to any information should be based on need-to-know principle • Segregation of duties. • Media should be disposed only after erasing sensitive information.
- 15. HOW TO COMBATPHISHING • Content Validation • Never inherently trust the submitted data • Never present the submitted data back to an application user without sanitizing the same • Always sanitize data before processing or storing • Check the HTTP referrer header
- 16. HOW TO COMBATPHISHING Session Handling • Make session identifiers long, complicated and difficult to guess. • Set expiry time limits for the SessionID’s and should be checked for every client request. • Application should be capable of revoking active SessionID’s and not recycle the same SessionID. • Any attempt the invalid SessionID should be redirected to the login page. • Never accept session information within a URL. • Protect the session via SSL. • Session data should be submitted as a POST. • After authenticating, a new SessionID should be used (HTTP & HTTPS). • Never let the users choose the SessionID.
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