1) The document contains summaries of several Filipino folktales and creation stories that explore themes of love, forgiveness, and the origins of natural phenomena. 2) Common characters across the stories include gods, kings, hermits, and families that experience conflicts related to breaking promises, ambition, and sibling rivalry. 3) The stories seek to explain Filipino cultural beliefs and traditions, the origins of fruits like durian, and how the sky, earth, sun, moon, and first humans came into existence.

1. THE STORY OF THE LIZARD CHARACTERS SON -ungrateful son -remorseful ( at the end of the story)

2. CHARACTERS MOTHER - SELFLESS - possesses an unconditional love for her son LOCAL COLOR IMAGE It was exactly 6:00 in the evening, and his mother was reciting the Angelus..

4. THEME Mothers possess unparalleled love towards their children . FILIPINO VALUES / IDEALS AND CULTURE Filipino families pray Angelus at 6:00 in the evening.

5. THE LEGEND OF DURIAN CHARACTERS BAROM-MAI - powerful king of Calinan, Davao - he does not keep his promises

6. CHARACTERS Madayaw-Bayho - wife of Barom-mai - does not love Barom-mai but when she drank the love potion, she fell in love with him

7. CHARACTERS the hermit - he’s knowledgeable of magic potions - He has the power to curse CONFLICT - King Barom-mai did not fulfill his promise to the hermit. (man vs. man)

8. FILIPINO VALUES / IDEALS AND CULTURE Early Filipinos believe in love potions which they term as “gayuma”.

9. THEME 1. Promises are not meant to be broken, but these should be kept. 2. Durian, a Philippine fruit, is covered with powerful thorns and unpleasant smell because a king was not true to his words which caused the hermit to curse this fruit.

10. A CREATION STORYFROM LUZON CHARACTERS SKY BIRD SEA THEME 1. Early Filipinos believed that the first man and woman came out of the bamboo.

11. THEME 2. Different races of man were created due to the anger of the first parents who beat their children and these children ran and hid in different directions which explained the origin of various classes in society.

12. THE FAVORITE SON CHARACTERS AGED COUPLE - prayerful - love their son so much

13. CHARACTERS SON -selfish -wise - rich -respected - compassionate CONFLICT - Man vs. himself

14. FILIPINO VALUES / IDEALS AND CULTURE 1. Filipinos are prayerful. 2. Filipinos have close knit family ties.

15. THEME 1. Everybody is given a second chance to change himself for the better. 2. Forgiveness is given to those who truly repent. 3. You spare the rod and you spoil the child.

16. BIKOL CREATION STORY SETTING In an empty space where there’s only sky and water CHARACTERS LANGIT – god of the sky TUBIGAN – god of the water

17. DAGAT –the sea which is Langit’s child PAROS –the wind which is Tubigan’s child DAGA -ambitious Paros’ and Dagat’s children ALDAW BULAN BITOON

18. EXPOSITION The bird was looking for water to drink when Langit and Tubigan appeared. CONFLICT Daga became ambitious.

19. CLIMAX Daga destroys the gate of Langit DENOUEMENT Daga was immortalized as Earth, Aldaw as Sun, Bulan as Moon and Bitoon as Star

20. THEME 1. Too much ambition destroys man himself and his relationship with other people 2. The Bikolanos believe that the creation of the Sun, Moon,Earth and Star was the result of Daga’s being ambitious.

21. THEME 3. They also believe that the first man and woman came out of the bamboo which grew out of the seeds planted by Tubigan 4. They also believe that the first man and woman came out of the bamboo which grew out of the seeds planted by Tubigan

22. ORIGIN OF EARTH AND OF MAN SETTING SKY CHARACTERS BULAN – proud and hated his brother ADLAO - older and stronger

23. EXPOSITION Many years ago when there was only sky, there were two brothers named Bulan and Adlao CONFLICT man vs. man Bulan and Adlao fought.

24. DENOUEMENT The fight between the brothers resulted to the arm of Bulan being flattened and cut.

25. THEME The Bikolanos believe that Bulan’s cut and flattened arm became the earth, and his tears became the rivers. The two hairs that sprang from the arm became the first man and woman