This document discusses phenols and their properties. It defines phenols as compounds containing a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring. It describes the acidity of phenols and how substituents can affect acidity. It provides examples of monohydric, dihydric, and trihydric phenols and discusses the structures and properties of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, and naphthols. It also outlines several qualitative tests and reactions of phenols and their uses in products like soaps, plastics, and herbicides.
Phsicochemical properties according to pci syllubus.
The ability of a chemical compound to elicit a pharmacological/ therapeutic effect is related to the influence of various physical and chemical (physicochemical) properties of the chemical substance on the bio molecule that it interacts with.
1)Physical Properties : Physical property of drug is responsible for its action
2)Chemical Properties :The drug react extracellularly according to simple chemical reactions like neutralization, chelation, oxidation etc.
The Hammett Plot is a type of Linear Free-Energy Relationship (LFER) analysis designed to model the electronic effect of substituents on aromatic systems (in the para and meta positions only). Information gathered can be used to probe the mechanism of the reaction and can be applied in the optimization of reaction conditions.
Contributed by: Eric Amerling & Christine Nervig (Undergraduates), University of Utah, 2013
Phsicochemical properties according to pci syllubus.
The ability of a chemical compound to elicit a pharmacological/ therapeutic effect is related to the influence of various physical and chemical (physicochemical) properties of the chemical substance on the bio molecule that it interacts with.
1)Physical Properties : Physical property of drug is responsible for its action
2)Chemical Properties :The drug react extracellularly according to simple chemical reactions like neutralization, chelation, oxidation etc.
The Hammett Plot is a type of Linear Free-Energy Relationship (LFER) analysis designed to model the electronic effect of substituents on aromatic systems (in the para and meta positions only). Information gathered can be used to probe the mechanism of the reaction and can be applied in the optimization of reaction conditions.
Contributed by: Eric Amerling & Christine Nervig (Undergraduates), University of Utah, 2013
stereochemistry and drug action ; basic introduction about stereochemistry and stereoisomers ; pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics concept of stereochemistry ; easson Stedman hypothesis ; stereo selectivity criteria .
This powerpoint presentation will help to know about introduction of bioisosterism by Biotechnology point of view. Hope this powerpoint presentation will your reference.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug or anti-epileptic drug . It can be prepared from the organic compound Benzil, which is formed by the oxidation of Benzoin.
Stereochemistry is the ‘chemistry of space’ , that is stereochemistry deals with the spatial arrangements of atoms and groups in a molecule.
Stereochemistry can trace its roots to the year 1842 when the French chemist Louis Pasteur made an observation that the salts of tartaric acid collected from a wine production vessel have the ability to rotate plane-polarized light, whereas the same salts from different sources did not have this ability.
Isomers are compounds that contain exactly the same number of atoms, i.e., they have exactly the same empirical formula, but differ from each other by the way in which the atoms are arranged.
Constitutional isomers, also known as structural isomers, are specific types of isomers that share the same molecular formula but have different bonding atomic organization and bonding patterns.
Stereoisomers are molecules having the same molecular formula and the atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial arrangement.
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination compounds which contain the same number and types of atoms, and bonds (i.e., the connectivity between atoms is the same), but which have different spatial arrangements of the atoms.
There are 2 types of geometric isomers, ‘cis’ and ‘trans’. -cis isomers: when similar groups are present on the same side of the double bonds, then they are termed as cis. - trans isomers: when similar groups are present on the opposite sides of the double bonds then they are called trans isomers.
cis-diethylstilbestrol has only 7% of the estrogenic activity of trans-diethylstilbesterol.
Cisplatin have anticancer activity where ae trans platin is an inactive compound.
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes.
Chirality is the property of being non identical to ones mirror image.
Chiral center is defined as the atom bearing 4 different atoms or group of atoms.
Molecules that form nonsuperimposable mirror images, and thus exist as enantiomers, are said to be chiral molecules.
For a molecule to be chiral, it cannot contain a plane of symmetry.
The term enantioselectivity refers to the efficiency with which the reaction produces one enantiomer.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images.
Have identical properties.
Similar shapes
Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are non superimposable and are not mirror images.
Have distinct physical properties.
Have different molecular shapes.
Enantiomers consist of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable.
When a molecule contains only one chiral centre , the two stereoisomers are known as enantiomers.
These may be referred to or labelled using the configurational descriptors as either:
R(rectus meaning right handed) or S(sinister meaning left handed),
D(dextrorotatory)or L (laevorotatory)
E-Entgegen or Z- Zusamen
Med chem lecture on Anticholinergic drugs for B.Pharm level in Nepal
Content from Foye's Principle of medicinal chemistry, my own thoughts and some articles
stereochemistry and drug action ; basic introduction about stereochemistry and stereoisomers ; pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics concept of stereochemistry ; easson Stedman hypothesis ; stereo selectivity criteria .
This powerpoint presentation will help to know about introduction of bioisosterism by Biotechnology point of view. Hope this powerpoint presentation will your reference.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug or anti-epileptic drug . It can be prepared from the organic compound Benzil, which is formed by the oxidation of Benzoin.
Stereochemistry is the ‘chemistry of space’ , that is stereochemistry deals with the spatial arrangements of atoms and groups in a molecule.
Stereochemistry can trace its roots to the year 1842 when the French chemist Louis Pasteur made an observation that the salts of tartaric acid collected from a wine production vessel have the ability to rotate plane-polarized light, whereas the same salts from different sources did not have this ability.
Isomers are compounds that contain exactly the same number of atoms, i.e., they have exactly the same empirical formula, but differ from each other by the way in which the atoms are arranged.
Constitutional isomers, also known as structural isomers, are specific types of isomers that share the same molecular formula but have different bonding atomic organization and bonding patterns.
Stereoisomers are molecules having the same molecular formula and the atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial arrangement.
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination compounds which contain the same number and types of atoms, and bonds (i.e., the connectivity between atoms is the same), but which have different spatial arrangements of the atoms.
There are 2 types of geometric isomers, ‘cis’ and ‘trans’. -cis isomers: when similar groups are present on the same side of the double bonds, then they are termed as cis. - trans isomers: when similar groups are present on the opposite sides of the double bonds then they are called trans isomers.
cis-diethylstilbestrol has only 7% of the estrogenic activity of trans-diethylstilbesterol.
Cisplatin have anticancer activity where ae trans platin is an inactive compound.
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes.
Chirality is the property of being non identical to ones mirror image.
Chiral center is defined as the atom bearing 4 different atoms or group of atoms.
Molecules that form nonsuperimposable mirror images, and thus exist as enantiomers, are said to be chiral molecules.
For a molecule to be chiral, it cannot contain a plane of symmetry.
The term enantioselectivity refers to the efficiency with which the reaction produces one enantiomer.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images.
Have identical properties.
Similar shapes
Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are non superimposable and are not mirror images.
Have distinct physical properties.
Have different molecular shapes.
Enantiomers consist of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable.
When a molecule contains only one chiral centre , the two stereoisomers are known as enantiomers.
These may be referred to or labelled using the configurational descriptors as either:
R(rectus meaning right handed) or S(sinister meaning left handed),
D(dextrorotatory)or L (laevorotatory)
E-Entgegen or Z- Zusamen
Med chem lecture on Anticholinergic drugs for B.Pharm level in Nepal
Content from Foye's Principle of medicinal chemistry, my own thoughts and some articles
Phenols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to an aromatic ring. The general formula for a phenol is ArOH, where Ar is an aromatic ring. The simplest example of a phenol is phenol itself, also known as carbolic acid.
Phenols are important compounds in organic chemistry and are used in a variety of industrial and biological applications. They are commonly used as disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives due to their antimicrobial properties. They are also used in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and dyes.
Phenols are acidic compounds, meaning that they can donate a proton (H+) to a solvent or a base. This acidity is due to the stability of the phenoxide ion (ArO-), which is formed when a phenol loses a proton. The stability of the phenoxide ion is due to the resonance stabilization of the negative charge over the aromatic ring.
Phenols can undergo a variety of reactions, including electrophilic substitution, oxidation, and esterification. They can also be used as starting materials for the synthesis of more complex organic compounds.
PHENOL INTRODUCTION, REACTIVITY, ACIDITY, FACTOR AFFECTING ON ACIDITY, PREPARATION, REACTION,COMPARISON OF ACIDITY WITH ALCOHOL AND ACID, USES OF PHENOL, CRESOL, RESORCINOL, NAPTHOL
B. Sc. Part - I (Sem-II) Unit-IV (A) Phenols by Dr Pramod R Padolepramod padole
A) PHENOLS: Methods of formations a) from aniline & b) from cumene. Acidic character, Reaction of Phenols- a) Carboxylation (Kolbe’s reaction), b) Fries Rearrangement, c) Claisen Rearrengement and d) Reimer – Tiemann reaction.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Phenols.
Acidity of phenols.
Effect of substituent
on acidity.
Qualitative test.
Structure and uses of
Phenol
Cresol
Resorcinol
Napthols
3. Phenol are compound containing –OH group
attached directly to benzene ring.
Differ from alcohol
As like alcohol they may be mohydric or
polyhydric consist of formula C6H5OH.
Methyl phenol given special name cresol.
Phenol are classified as monohydric phenols
,dihydric phenols,trihydric phenols
5. Similar to alcohol
Resonance interaction takes place between a lone
pair of electron on oxygen and benzene ring
C-O bond acquires double bond become shorter
and stronger than C-O bond in alcohol
O acquirs slight +ve charge due to which it attracts
electron pair in O-H bond become more polar than
alcohol
6. Colourless liquid or solid ( red tint when
oxidation)
Carbolic odour,slightly water soluble,
B.P of Phenol higher than alcohol.
Strong intermolecular H bonding.
Extra OH group at Para position on ring
increase B.P
Substitution at ortho position leads greater
vilocity (intramolecular H bonding)
Dissolve in NaOH but not in Na2CO3.
7. More acidic than alcohol but less than carboxylic
acid ,Phenol acidic due to formation of Phenoxide
ion in aq solution.
-ve charge spread throughout benzene ring which
delocalizing factor in the phenoxide ion ,no
resonance possible for alkoxide ion (Pka 10,17
benzene)
8. Stability of Phenoxide ion depends upon
stability of reactant and product
Any factor which stabilize the phenoxide ion
more than phenol increase acidity & vice
versa
Factor affecting substitution
A)Nature of substituent B)Position of substituent
1) Electron withdrawing substituent's
2) Electron releasing substituent's.
9. Electron Withdrawing
group-
No2, CN,-x(Cl,Br,I)on
arom. Ring acid
strength.
Enable to withdraw
electron from phenoxy
oxy.
Stabilize Phenoxide ion
result stroger acid.
P-Nitrophenol more
stronger than phenol
Electron realeasing
substituents-
NH2,OH,R,CH3 on arom.
Ring acid strength
This destabilize
Phenoxide ion result
weaker acid.
P-Cresol less acidic than
phenol
10. Electron withdrawing & releasing group more pronounced at
ortho and para position than meta ( resonance effect).
11. P-nitrophenol>o-nitro phenol>m-nitro phenol
m-cresol>P-cresol>o-cresol
Qualtative test:-
Formation of salt:-
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
2[C6H5OH] + 2Na 2[C6H5ONa] + H2
Phenol weaker acid than carboxylic acid (no reaction with
Na2CO3,NaHCO3)
Reaction With FeCl3:-
3[C6H5OH] + FeCl3 Fe3+ [C6H5O]3 purple complex.
Phenol, Sulphur salicylic acid , water soluble.
2-Napthol, Salicylic acid ,Gallic acid are water ethanol soluble.
2-Napthol- green, Gallic-black, Salicylic acid- violet 1,2,3
hydroxy benzene –brown colour
c
c
c
12. Libermon nitrous test
Initially get green/blue colour after dilution it become red and after addition of NaOH blue
colour reapers.
Bromine water test
White ppt
13. Litmus test
Weakly acidic in aqueous solution after application on litmus paper it leads blue litmus red.
Reaction with zinc dust
Reaction with ammonia
C6H5OH + NH3 Anhy.ZnCl3 C6H5NH2+ H2O
675K
14. From chlorobenzene (Dow process)
From cumene
From diazonium salt
From Grignard reagent
15. From coal tar
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
2[C6H5OH] + CO2 + H2O 2[C6H5OH] + Na2CO3
Reaction of Phenol:
Reaction on OH group
Formation of ester (use aqueous alkali – phenyl ether)
C6H5OH + Na2CO3 C6H5ONa+CH3COCl C6H5OCOCH3
Formation of ether:(s)(ethoxy benzene )
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + CH3CH2Cl C6H5OCH2CH3
Reaction on benzene ring
Halogenations:
C6H5OH + 3Br2 H2O 2,4,6 tribromo phenol +3HBr
Nitration:
C6H5OH + dil HNO3 O & P nitrophenol
Con. HNO3 2,4,6 trinitrophenol (picric acid)
c
c
c c
c c
c
c
c
16. Halogination
C6H5OH + 3H2 Cyclohexanol
Sulphonation
C6H5OH + Conc.H2SO4 o-Phenol sulphonic acid(200c)
p-Phenol sulphonic acid(800c)
With formaldehyde
Ni
433k
c
18. Reimer Thiemann reaction:
C6H5OH + CHCl3 + 3NaOH O & P hydroxybenzaldehyde
19. Phenol- Colourless liquid or white solid at R.T.,highly
toxic caustic
Uses-
antiseptic in soap and lotion,
cosmetic industry sunscreen, skin lightning, hair colouring
cosmetic surgery exfoliate remove dead skin
Manufacture of drug salicylic acid, aspirin (picric acid explo.)
preservative ink, vaccine
synthesis plastic ,backlite resin.
Extraction of nucleic acid,
High con.for ingrown tow, fingernail., herbicides detergent
nylons temporary for Pharyngitis.
20. Cresols:-
Structure:-
Known methyl phenol,colourless expo in air yellow/brown red tint,similar
odour,three isomer(o,m,p) mixture of three -tricrisols . Extracted from coal
tar or synthetically by methylation high conc. Cause irritation ,burning throat,
vomiting, liver kidney.
Uses-
Synthetic intermediate for plastic,pestcide,p’ceutcal & dye
O-Cresol on chlorination gives MCPA use herbicide.
O-Cre. Synthesis of mephenesin ( muscle relaxant)
P-Cre. Synthesis of BHT (antioxident)
P-Cre synthesis of Bupranalol ( non selective beta blocker)
Chlo.m –cre. use house hold disinfetant
M-cre precursor for
vit E,preservative in Insulin,pesticide,amyl m-cre as
anticeptic,solvent for polymer.
21. Resorcinol-
Structure-
Colourless,less water more alcohol, ether insoluble chloroform & CS2
Undergoes nucleophilic electrophilic substitution,pink on exposure or
contact with iron,sweet test,on exposure irritation skin or mucous membrane
Uses-
Use as anticeptic,disinfectant
2% solution for hay fever & in cough
Use in antidandruff shampoo & cosmetic ( sunscreen)
Treatment of gastric ulcer, bactericidal effect.
Use reagent for ketoses determination, anticancer agent.
Use for characterization of Zn,lead (colorimetric method)
Use as preservative in cosmetic,ointment for psoriasis
Use parent molecule for holding target molecule in proper
alignment.
22. Napthols:-
Structure:-
Consist of two isomers 1 & 2
Aromatic consist of alternate double single bond,Electronigitivity highly polar
1 napthol-white,fluorescent soluble alcohol ether chloroform
2 napthol-colourless or yellow rs
Uses:-
1napthol-molisch ingredient for carbohydrate.
1n. Precursor for insecticide like carbonyl.
1n. Is use to detect arginin in protin(Sakaguchi test)
1n. Use to detect breakdown of glucose in acetoin ( Voges Proskauer
test)
2n. Precursor for Sudan dye
Use for synthesis of BINOL used as legand. Antiseptic in perfumes.
2n. Synthesis of fungicide & antioxident for rubber
Detection of 1& 2n. In urine for pesticide content in body.
