The document outlines various analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical analysis, including titrimetric, chromatographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and electrophoretic methods. It highlights specific methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectroscopy for their efficiency in analyzing mixtures and determining the quality and composition of substances. Applications of these techniques span the pharmaceutical industry, food manufacturing, and environmental analysis.

1. Md. Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
Department of pharmacy
Daffodil international university
Pharmaceutical analysis, tech & implementation

2. Analytical techniques
1. Titrimetric techniques
2. Chromatographic
2.1. Thin layer
chromatography
2.2. High performance thin
layer chromatography.
2.3. High-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)
2.4. Gas chromatography
3. Spectroscopic techniques
3.1. Spectrophotometry
3.2. Near infrared spectroscopy
(NIRS).
3.3. Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (NMRS)
3.4. Fluorimetry and
phosphorimetry .
4. Electrochemical methods
5. Kinetic method of analysis
6. Electrophoretic methods
7. Flow injection and sequential
injection analysis
8. Hyphenated techniques

3. Titrimetric Analysis
• Measurement of the volume of a unknown solution (the analyte) with a known
concentration of a reagent(the titrant) .
• Titrimetric methods are widely used for routine analysis because they are rapid,
convenient, accurate, and readily automated.

4. Spectroscopic techniques
• The use of spectroscopy in determining the
chemical or physical constitution of substances.
• Classification:-
1.Spectrophotometry
2.Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
3.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
4.Fluorimetry and phosphorimetry .

5. 1. Spectrophotometry 2.Near infrared spectroscopy
• Quantitative measurement of
the reflection or transmission
properties of a material as a
function of wavelength.
• The advantages of these
methods are low time and
labor consumption.
• Provides multi component
analysis of almost any matrix.
• Used in pharmaceutical
industry for raw material
testing, product quality control
and process monitoring.

6. 4.Fluorimetry and
phosphorimetry3.Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (NMR)
• For serve the purpose of
high sensitivity without
the loss of specificity or
precision.
• Used To determination of
protein content of
commercial foods.
• An analytical technique
used in quality
control and research for
determining the content
and purity of a sample
as well as its molecular
structure.

7. Electrochemical methods
• The study of an analyte by measuring the potential (volts)
and/or current (amperes) in an electrochemical cell containing the
analyte .

8. Chromatography
•A method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemicals.
•The separation by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent
(such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate.
Use of Chromatography

10. HPLC
• HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography
• Also called high pressure liquid chromatography
• HPLC has been around for about 35 years and is the
largest separations technique used
• HPLC is really the automation of traditional liquid
chromatography under conditions which provide for
enhanced separations during shorter periods of time,
utilizing very small particles, small column diameters,
and very high fluid pressures.

11. How HPLC work?

12. Advantages
• It can be applied to the separation and analysis of
complex mixtures.
• Accurate quantitative measurements.
• Needs a small sample with a high accuracy
•Need a skill to run the instruments
•Solvents consuming
Disadvantages

13. Application of HPLC
1. Pharmaceuticals industry
• To control the drug stability
• Quantity of drug determination from pharmaceutical
dosage forms, ex. Paracetamol determination in panadol
tablet
2. Analysis of natural contamination
- Phenol & Mercury from sea water
4. Food manufacture
- sweetener analysis in the fruit juice
- preservative analysis in sausage etc.