Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants first synthesized in 1887, with various therapeutic uses such as treating narcolepsy and ADHD. While effective, they can lead to significant psychological and physiological side effects, particularly with high doses or prolonged use, including addiction and severe health issues. Treatment for acute overdose involves measures to increase elimination of the drug and may require long-term rehabilitation efforts.

1. Amphetamine
Md : Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
9th(B)
Department Of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
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2. Amphetamine
A distinct class of
drugs that stimulate
the central nervous
system producing an
increase in alertness,
wakefulness and
awareness.

3. History of
Amphetamines
 1887 by German Pharmacologist L. Edeleano.
 In 1927, Gordon Alles:
 Reduced fatigue
 Increased alertness
 Caused a sense of confident euphoria
 In 1932, Benzedrine inhalers (nasal congestion).
 Benzedrine widely abused (1971) for their stimulant action.
 Widely used in World War II to counter act fatigue.

4. Sources
Ephedra is the primary component used
to synthesize amphetamine.

5. Types of Amphetamines
 CNS stimulant

6. How Amphetamines Work

7. Therapeutic Uses
of Amphetamines
 Narcolepsy
 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Weight reduction

8. HyperkinesisHyperkinesisNarcolepsyNarcolepsy

9. Treatment

10. Weight Reduction
During 1960’s, 99% of
amphetamine Rx written for
weight loss.
 Effective for two weeks.
Lose weight, gain energy, good
mood.

11. Psychological Effects
Euphoria
Excitement
Mood elevation
 sed speech activity
Feeling of power
Psychological Effects
Euphoria
Excitement
Mood elevation
 sed speech activity
Feeling of power
Pharmacological effectPharmacological effect
Physiological Effects
Increased BP
Decreased HR
Increased alertness
Psychomotor
stimulant
Loss of appetite

12. High Dose Users
 leading to extended mental and physical hyperactivity.
 Continued abuse (high doses) often leads to:
 Considerable weight loss
 Skin lesions
 Oral damage
 Liver disease
 Hypertensive disorders
 Stroke
 Kidney damage
 Seizures

14. Summary of the Effects of Amphetamines
Body
 Increased heartbeat
 Increased blood
pressure
 Decreased appetite
 Increased breathing
rate
 Inability to sleep
 Sweating
 Convulsions, fever
 Chest pain
 Irregular heartbeat
Due to overdose
Mind
Decreased fatigue
Increased confidence
Increased feeling of
alertness
Restlessness
Increased irritability
Fearfulness
Distrust of people
Behavioral stereotypy
Hallucination
low
dose
high
dose

15. • Acute overdose is treated by –
 Acidification of urine by administering ammonium
chloride. This increases rate of elimination of
amphetamine.
 Anti-hypertensive drugs like labetelol.
 Treatment typically requires more than one year of
Intense intervention consisting of drug abstinence,
cognitive, emotional and motivational rehabilitation.
Treatment Of Acute Poisoning