David Montgomery - Soil
โขDownload as PPTX, PDFโข
2 likesโข1,318 views
Soil: the big picture
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (12)
Similar to David Montgomery - Soil
Similar to David Montgomery - Soil (20)
More from Sustainable Food Trust
More from Sustainable Food Trust (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
David Montgomery - Soil
- 3. Invention of the plow fundamentally altered the balance between soil production and soil erosion, dramatically increasing soil erosionโฆ
- 4. Archaeological studies show that soil erosion played a key role in the demise of ancient civilizations.
- 5. The worldโs agricultural soils have already lost 66 to 90 billion tons of carbon, mostly due to tillage. - Lal, 1999 430 million ha of arable land lost to soil degradation, an area equivalent to about one third of all present cropland. - Pimental et al., 1995
- 6. Losses caused by soil erosion On-site โข Nutrient loss โข Loss of organic matter โข Reduced fertility โข Reduced water holding capacity โข Yield drop โข Reduced planting area Off-site โข Sedimentation in lakes and rivers โข Impaired water quality โข Loss of biodiversity โข Reduced food supply โข Inflated food prices Long-term costโฆ
- 7. Estimated cost of soil erosion in US $ 44 B Pimental et al., 1995 $ 37 B Uri, 2000 $ 20 B Troeh et al., 1991 $ 2.2 to 13 B Tegtmeier and Duffy, 2004 $ 1.1 โ 13 B Clark, 1985 $ 1.1 โ 3.1 B Hitzhusen et al., 1984 $ 1.7 โ 1.8 B Crosson, 1986 $ < 1.2 B Colacicco et al., 1989 $ 0.5 โ 1.1 B Larson et al., 1983 $ 0.6 โ 0.8 B Crowder, 1987 Telles et al., 2011, The Costs of Soil Erosion, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, v. 35, p. 287-298. Varies 100 foldโฆup to $44 B per year
- 8. (from: FAO, 2014. Food Wastage Footprint, p. 76). Annual global cost of soil erosion from water: $ 33 Billion
- 9. Per hectare on-site cost of soil erosion Telles et al., 2011, The Costs of Soil Erosion, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, v. 35, p. 287-298. $ 27 โ 1500 Brazil Marques et al., 1961 $ 60 EU Riksen and Graaff, 2001 $ 38 โ 166 Brazil Rodrigues, 2005 $ 15 โ 25 Brazil Bertol et al., 2007 $ 5 โ 67 Spain Hein, 2007 $ 28 โ 73 Brazil Sarcinelli et al., 2009 $166 โ 409 EU Kuhlman et al., 2010 Highly variable $ 5 to $1500 per hectare per year
- 10. Is Soil Restoration Possible? Can we reverse the historical pattern?
- 14. Forthcoming spring 2017, Montgomery, D. R., Triple Harvest (W. W. Norton)
- 15. Principles of Conservation Agriculture (FAO) โข minimal or no disturbance (e.g., no-till) โข permanent ground cover (cover crops) โข complex rotations (reduce pathogen carryover) ** livestock in intensive rotational grazing Reduced input costs + similar yield = higher farm profits
- 16. Societal value of soil organic carbon is about $120/ton.* At global average sequestration rate of 0.77 tons/ha/yr for conservation agriculture (no-till + complex rotation)** that comes to $40/acre/yr. * Lal, R., 2014, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 69, p. 186A-192A. ** West, T. O,. And Post, W. M., 2002, SSSA Journal, v. 66, p. 1930-1946. Societal Value of Soil Carbon
- 17. Cost to farmer of 1% loss in soil organic matter translates to an indirect of about $66/acre per year.* * Tsiafouli, M. A., et al., 2015, Global Change Biology, v. 21, p. 973-985. Value of Soil Carbon
- 18. Rattan Lal
- 19. Rattan Lal estimates that conservation agriculture could put enough carbon back into soils to offset 5 to 15% of global fossil-fuel emissions. The Rodale Institute suggests that carbon sequestration in soils could fully offset fossil fuel emissions. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agricultural Soils
- 20. Twitter: @dig2grow Web: dig2grow.com Email: dig2grow@gmail.com www.facebook.com/thehiddenhalfofnature Connect with usโฆ. WE
Editor's Notes
- our surprising discovery #1 soil the color of a beach sand filled with more rocks than I knew existed and what you canโt see and we didnโt see is โฆ.glacial till about a foot down Even after a decade I still cringe to tell you the date of this photoโฆitโs early Julyโฆand thatโs when we began planting