The document summarizes the negative health effects of pesticide exposure and poisoning. It discusses how widespread pesticide use in agriculture, households, and public health has led to continuous human exposure. Pesticide poisoning can cause death, cancer, birth defects, neurological disorders, and negatively impact the brain, endocrine system, and other organs. The document then focuses on the neurotoxic effects of the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin and how the flavonoid naringin may help protect against these neurotoxic effects based on a study conducted on rats.

1. 1
Pesticide Poisoning –
Cognitive Brain & Issues
V. Magendira Mani
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry
Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi.
&
Research Scholar
Adhiparasakthi College of Arts & Science
G.B Nagar , Kalavai

2.  Pesticides are toxic chemicals used to kill pest,
insects, rodents, and weeds that might harm our
crops and our health
 The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture,
public health and household environments results
in continuous exposure of human populations
and cause pesticide poisoning.

3. Exposure
Route
Contaminated
Food
Occupational
Exposure
Accidental
exposure
Mosquito
coil &
Repellent
Water
& Soft
Drinks
Suicide
Spray Drift
Agriculture
Gardens
Fruits and
Vegetables

4. =
Indian Council for Medical
Research (ICMR) and the Indian
Medical Association
Reported that
100 Cigarette Smoke

5. Don’t
Drink & Eat
The
“Pesticide Pool”!
IMA (Indian Medical Association)
Thums Up - 7.2 %
Coke - 9.4 %
7 Up - 12.5 %
Mirinda - 20.7 %
Pepsi - 10.9 %
Fanta - 29.1 %
Sprite - 5.3 %
Frooti - 24.5 %
Maza - 19.3 %
Pesticide contents in soft drinks

6. Exposure
Leads to
Death
Extinction
species
Hormone
Imbalance
Birth
defects
Mutation
Cancer
Nuro
degenerative
disorder

7. 30 millionpeople affected.
2,50,000 to 5,00,000 mortality
7,50, 000 chronicillnesses
1,00,000 affected by
birth defect, mutation
&
Neurodegenerative disorder
Pesticide poisoning WHO reports

8. December 3, 1984
40 tons of MIC gas leaked
From UCC
immediatelykilling3,800
20,000 premature deaths
halfmillionpeople affected
by
birth defect, mutation
&
Neurodegenerative
disorder
THE BHOPAL DISASTER

9. In India, last October, the Hindu newspaper reported
that there was over a 2,50,000-3,00,000 farmers
suicides between 1995 and 2015 the worst ever
recorded wave of suicides of this kind in human
history.
In 2010, the state of Tamilnadu witnessed a total of
14,424 suicides.
In Bihar India, July 2015, 57 school children died
after eating contaminated lunch with "very toxic"
levels of an agricultural pesticide - Monocrotophos.
Pesticide poisoning deaths in India

10. PYRETHROID DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED
NEUROTOXICITY AND NEURO PROTECTIVE
EFFECT OF FLAVONOID NARINGIN ON MALE
WISTAR RATS

11. Pyrethroids pesticides
• Pyrethroids are a class of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides
eg. deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin,
esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and permethrin.
pyrethroids have been widely used to control insect pests in
agriculture, public health, homes and gardens.
Pyrethroids cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their
neurotoxic effects on insects and pests, the mechanism of action is
same for target and non-target organisms.

12. Pyrethroid pesticide poisoning
 Cancer
 Neurodegenerative disorders
 Mammalian reproductive toxicity
 Allergy and immunosuppression
 Cardiovascular diseases
 Endocrine related diseases
 Hepatotoxicity
 Nephrotoxicity
 Mutation
 Birth defects

13. • Deltamethrin one of the most potent type II pyrethroid
insecticides with α- cyano group.
• DLM is a basic ingredients in mosquito coil, repellent,
mosquito net, Miraculous Chalk or Chinese Chalk”.
• Deltamethrin cross blood brain barriers is dispersed in
different parts of the brain - cortex, hippocampus upon
chronic exposure.
• Neurotoxic effects of deltamethrin have been attributed to its
binding to sodium channels in the brain, acetylcholine
esterase inhibition, interaction with the GABA receptor–
ionophore complex.
Deltamethrin

14. Naringin
The flavonoid glycoside naringin, is the major flavonoid present in
citrus and grapefruits and constitutes up to 10% of the dry weight. Naringin (4,5,7-
trihydroxy-flavonone-7-rhamnoglucoside), it exhibits diverse biological and
pharmacological properties including anti inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, lipid-
lowering and antioxidant activities. (Choi et al., 2010). Yet no mutagenic activity.
Naringin
Naringin had recently received considerable attention as a neuroprotective agent (Kim et
al., 2009). Although naringin has been previously reported as protective effect against 3-
NP toxicity induced neuronal apoptosis (Kumar and Kumar, 2010).

15. Animals
Wistar male albino rats weighing between 200-240 g were housed in animal
cages with food and water ad libitum. Six animals were housed per cage,
and maintained on 12/12 hr day and night cycle. The animals were fed with
commercial pellet diet (Hindustan lever Ltd., Bangalore, India). The
experiments were conducted according to ethical norms approved by the
Ministry of Social Justices and Empowerment, Government of India and
Institutional Animal Ethics Committee Guidelines. During the experimental
period care was taken to minimize the suffering of animals

16. Segregation of Experimental Animals
The animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each.
Group I - Control rats (Rats received no treatment and served as a control group)
Group II - Rats induced with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kgBW
orally (1/10 LD 50) for three week (21 days).
Group III - Rats administered with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg
BW orally and simultaneously administered Naringin 100 mg/kg BW dissolved in
water orally for 21 days.
Group IV- Drug alone rats (Naringin alone dissolved in water)

17. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of lipid peroxidation

18. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Antioxidant enzymes

19. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Non-enzymic
antioxidant enzymes

20. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine &
Preventive Nutrition, 2013 / 1- 6
Effect of DLM and naringin on protein impairment by SDS-
PAGE

21. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on DNA fragmentation analysis
by agarose gel electrophoresis

22. V. Magendira Mani et al. / World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015) 10–26.
Effect of DLM and Naringin on Histopathological analysis of cortex
and hippocampus region

23. Please don’t use
mosquito coil,
repellent, pesticides at
home, school,
agriculture etc.
Give pesticide free world for future
children
Children are one third
of our population and
all of our future.