PESTICIDES
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This presentation discusses agrochemicals and pesticides. It defines agrochemicals as chemical products used in agriculture, and pesticides as substances used to eradicate pests. Pesticides are classified according to their mode of action and chemicals. Insecticides are substances used to kill insects, and are classified as systemic or contact based on activity, and inorganic or organic based on chemical nature. The presentation notes the first use of synthetic pesticides in 1940 and their environmental impacts like air, water, and soil pollution.
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This document discusses the classification of pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances that control pests like insects, weeds, rodents, etc. that compete with humans for food or spread disease. Pesticides can be classified based on their target pest, mode of action, chemical structure, application method, and timing of use. Common classifications include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and others for specific pest types. Pesticides are also grouped based on how they work, such as stomach poisons that kill after ingestion, contact poisons that kill on contact, and systemic poisons that spread throughout a plant. The document also discusses different modes of action like nerve poisons, muscle poisons, and
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Pesticides
The document discusses understanding pesticides and provides information on key parts of a pesticide label. It defines what a pesticide is, outlines which federal agency regulates them, and describes common pesticide formulations and terminology. It also discusses toxicity and hazards of pesticides, explaining how they are determined. The label sections are then outlined, including the brand name, signal words, directions for use, precautions, active ingredients, and contact information. Common label violations are also noted.
Adverse effects of pesticides in agriculture
Pesticide use in agriculture can have adverse health and environmental effects. Pesticides can harm farmers and agricultural workers through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. They also negatively impact domestic animals, beneficial insects, wildlife and aquatic life. Long term effects of pesticide exposure include neurological problems, respiratory illness, dermal issues, reproductive harm and increased cancer risk. Pesticide contamination of water and soil poses ongoing risks to the environment. Widespread pesticide use has also led to resistance in pests and the decline of natural pest predators.
Principles of-pest-control
The document defines a pest as anything that competes with or harms humans, animals, or plants by causing injury, spreading disease, or being a nuisance. It describes different types of pests including insects, spiders, microbes, weeds, mollusks, and vertebrates. The principles of pest control are to only take action when pests are causing unacceptable harm and to use the least harmful methods. Integrated Pest Management involves identifying pests, determining if control is needed, evaluating control options, and using a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical tactics if needed to keep pest populations below damaging levels.
Pesticides and their application methods
This document provides an overview of pesticides including their classification, qualities of an effective pesticide, examining pesticide labels, and equipment and methods for pesticide application. Pesticides are classified based on their target pest, toxicity, mode of entry or action, and chemical structure. Effective pesticides are potent, fast-acting, broad spectrum, affordable, and cause minimal environmental pollution. Proper pesticide application requires protective equipment, calibrated equipment like knapsack or boom sprayers, and following precautions to avoid hazards.
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pesticides
Pesticides are substances used to control pests and are classified in several ways, including by chemical class, target organism, and mode of action. Common pesticides target weeds, insects, fungi, or other pests. They work through various modes of action such as inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, or photosynthesis. Proper application timing and techniques are important to maximize effectiveness while minimizing harm to non-target species. Pesticide resistance can develop if pest populations are not properly managed.
Chemical Control
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Pesticides can cause both acute and chronic health effects in humans. Acute pesticide poisoning commonly occurs due to occupational or accidental exposure and can result in death. An estimated 3% of agricultural workers experience an acute pesticide poisoning episode annually. Chronic effects may include neurological impacts, cancer, and disruption of the endocrine system. Data on pesticide-related illnesses and deaths is limited in the UAE and Al Ain.
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The document discusses the negative environmental impacts of pesticide use in agriculture. It notes that pesticides can persist in soil and water for long periods of time, killing beneficial organisms and contaminating ecosystems. Their overuse has led to issues like pest resurgence and the development of resistance. The document also examines the health hazards of pesticide exposure through soil, water and air to humans and other organisms. Long-term effects on farmers and communities have included increased rates of cancer, neurological and respiratory diseases. Proper regulation and alternative methods of pest control are needed to reduce these risks.
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Pesticides can impact the environment through various pathways like drift, runoff, leaching and volatility. Proper application techniques and product selection help minimize these impacts. Applicators must understand pesticide characteristics, degradation methods, and movement to protect water, soil, plants and animals including beneficial organisms, endangered species and pollinators. Special care is needed near sensitive areas.
insecticides
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pesticides and organophosphate poisoining.
This document provides information about pesticidal poisoning by organophosphates. It defines pesticides and organophosphates, and describes their classification and common examples. It then discusses the potential health effects of organophosphate poisoning, including endocrine damage, cancers, nervous system damage, and more. The document outlines the mechanisms of action, signs and symptoms, investigations and management of organophosphate poisoning. Key aspects of management include decontamination, atropine administration to reverse muscarinic effects, pralidoxime administration to reactivate cholinesterase and reverse nicotinic effects, and supportive care.
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This document discusses the classification and formulation of pesticides. It provides information on how pesticides are classified by their formulation, mode of action, chemical group, and other factors. It also summarizes the key information that must be included on pesticide labels, such as the brand name, active ingredients, instructions for use, and safety information including signal words and first aid statements.
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Pesticide Residue Analysis
Pesticide residues refer to any pesticide substance or its metabolites that remain in food, water, or animal feed after application. This document outlines methods for analyzing pesticide residues, including sampling procedures, sample preparation techniques like homogenization, common extraction methods like solid phase extraction, cleanup steps to remove interferences, and quantification methods like gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing pesticide residues to ensure food safety and compliance with legal limits.
pesticides
Pesticides are substances used to control pests and are classified in several ways, including by chemical class, target organism, and mode of action. Common pesticides target weeds, insects, fungi, or other pests. They work through various modes of action such as inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, or photosynthesis. Proper application timing and techniques are important to maximize effectiveness while minimizing harm to non-target species. Pesticide resistance can develop if pest populations are not properly managed.
Chemical Control
Chemical pest control uses pesticides, which are chemicals that prevent, destroy, or repel pests. Pesticides are classified based on their target organisms like insects, weeds, and fungi. They also vary in their mode of action, such as contact, systemic, fumigant, and stomach poisons. Chemical pest control can effectively control pests but overuse risks developing pest resistance, eliminating natural enemies, and polluting the environment through residues in food and water contamination. Proper use of pesticides can provide agricultural benefits while minimizing disadvantages to health and ecology.
CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION
This document provides a classification of insecticides according to their mode of action (MoA), listing 28 main groups. It describes the purpose of MoA classification for insecticide resistance management. Rules for inclusion in the classification require a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. Chemical sub-groups are listed when multiple active ingredients are registered, or an exemplifying active ingredient may be listed if only one is registered. The classification then lists each main group and chemical sub-group or exemplifying active ingredient along with associated active ingredients.
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insecticides
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION
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insecticide pollution, persistance and problems associated with agriculture
insecticide pollution, persistance and problems associated with agriculture
Structure and mode of action of organochlorines, organophophate and carbamates
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Environmental effects of pesticides by Muhammad Fahad Ansari12IEEM14
Insecticide, classification of Insecticide, Insecticide Act and Spraying Tec...
Insecticide, classification of Insecticide, Insecticide Act and Spraying Tec...
Classification of insecticides based on chemical nature
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This document discusses the chemical control of plant diseases and public concerns about pesticide use. It provides a brief history of major pesticides used before and after World War II, including metals, arsenites, pyrethrum, nicotine, organophosphates, DDT, and carbamates. It also classifies pesticides based on their chemical nature, targeted organisms, mode of action, and method of entry into the body.
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Pesticides
This document provides information about pesticides including:
- Pesticides are substances used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life considered pests. They include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and others.
- Pesticides have a brief history beginning with organized agriculture when pests threatened food supplies, and are now widely used to support efficient use of resources and high standards of living.
- Pesticides have benefits but also risks, so safer chemicals and application methods are constantly improved through research and education while balancing policies based on facts.
Effects of pesticides on ecosystems
Pesticides have widespread negative effects on ecosystems. Over 98% of insecticides and 95% of herbicides do not reach their intended target, and instead contaminate air, water, soil and non-target species. Pesticide use reduces biodiversity and threatens endangered species. Pesticides bioaccumulate up the food chain and can cause poisoning in livestock, wildlife and pets. While pesticides are intended to control pests, they also have unintended consequences across entire ecosystems. Alternative approaches like manual removal of weeds, using pest traps and lures, and supporting natural biocontrol agents can help control pests while avoiding harmful pesticides.
Pesticides
This document discusses pesticides, including their definition, classification, benefits, costs, and role in integrated pest management (IPM). Pesticides are substances used to control pests and are classified by chemical class, target organism, mode of action, and application timing. They provide benefits like pest control but also costs like negative effects on non-target species and interference with other IPM practices. In IPM, pesticides are used strategically as one tactic among many based on the pest complex and availability of alternatives. Selectivity, in terms of both physiological toxicity and ecological application, is a key concept in minimizing pesticide impacts in IPM.
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Pesticide Formulations
Pesticide formulations come in various forms to allow for easier mixing, more dilute solutions, extended stability and shelf life, and enhanced pesticide activity. The main types include liquids, aerosols, emulsifiable concentrates, flowable suspensions, solutions, fumigants, dry formulations, baits, dusts, granules, wettable powders, water soluble packets, water dispersible granules, and soluble powders - each with their own advantages and disadvantages related to concentration, storage, application method, toxicity, and other factors. The formulation chosen depends on the active ingredient, intended use, and desired characteristics.
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Fertilizers- the Chemistry behind it
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This document provides information on pesticides, including their classification, mechanisms of toxicity, and effects on human health. It discusses major classes of pesticides like organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and their mechanisms of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase or sodium channels. The document also outlines pesticide metabolism, transformation, and factors influencing toxicity like dose and exposure duration. Diagnosis and treatment of pesticide illness are discussed.
Pesticides
This presentation discusses pesticides and their classification, working mechanisms, benefits, hazards and alternatives. It defines pesticides as substances used to control pests that compete with humans for food and spread disease. Pesticides are classified based on the pest they target, such as herbicides for weeds, insecticides for insects, and fungicides for fungi. Common chemical pesticides are discussed along with their modes of action. While pesticides protect crops and public health, they can also pollute the environment and harm non-target species if misused. The presentation advocates integrated pest management and biological controls as safer alternatives to excessive chemical pesticide use.
Fertiliser ppt
The document provides an overview of the fertilizer industry in India. It discusses that India is the 3rd largest producer and consumer of fertilizers globally. It outlines the history and development of the fertilizer industry in India. It also summarizes the current production, consumption, import trends and major players in the Indian fertilizer industry. Additionally, it discusses the key policies around subsidies and regulations governing the fertilizer industry in India.
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Chemical control of plant diseases and public concerns
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Powerpoint presentation of safe use of agro chemicals
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chemistry page1 .pdf
Pesticides are chemical or biological substances used to kill pests that damage crops, transmit diseases, or interfere with production, processing, or marketing of food and agricultural commodities. They include insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, bactericides, fungicides, and larvicides. Pesticides are also classified as biodegradable or persistent based on how quickly they break down, and as organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, pyrethroids, sulfonylurea herbicides, or biopesticides based on their chemical composition and source. While pesticides protect crops and control disease vectors, they can also harm humans, wildlife and the environment through toxic effects
Presence of Pesticides in Fruits and vegetables
This is a presentation to detect the Presence of Pesticides in fruits and vegetables.So just have a look and enjoy.
Bisnukant PESTICIDES-1.pptx
This document discusses pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances used to prevent, destroy or lessen damage from pests like insects, plants or bacteria. Pesticides are classified into insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides depending on the pest they target. While pesticides provide benefits like protecting crops and controlling disease vectors, they can also harm the environment and human health if misused. The document advocates for integrated pest management and biopesticides as safer alternatives that minimize pesticide use.
Forest protection
The document provides information on chemical control of forest pests. It discusses definitions of chemical control and insecticides. It also covers the history of insecticide development, different classifications of insecticides based on origin, mode of entry, mode of action and toxicity. Properties of an ideal insecticide are also outlined, including being non-toxic to non-target species and having a wide range of compatibility. The classifications include inorganic, organic and synthetic insecticides as well as contact, stomach and systemic types.
paste and paste control 2.ppt
Introduction
Types of pests
Methods of pest control
Biological pest
Advantages of biological pests
PESTICIDE USES RK DE 2019.ppt
The document discusses the safe use of pesticides in India. It notes that India loses about 18% of its annual agricultural production to pests like weeds, diseases, insects and rodents, amounting to Rs. 6000 crores in losses each year. It provides statistics on pesticide usage in India and various states. It highlights the risks of pesticide residues in food and drinking water in India. It also discusses alternatives to pesticides like biocontrol using neem and crop rotation. The document emphasizes the need for judicious and safe use of pesticides to minimize health and environmental risks.
Organic chemistry in agriculture
This document discusses the use of organic chemistry in agriculture, specifically in fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. It explains that fertilizers can be organic, derived from plant or animal matter like urea and manure, or inorganic, derived from inorganic compounds like ammonium nitrate. Pesticides are substances used to control pests and include herbicides to kill weeds, insecticides to kill insects, and fungicides to kill fungi. Common organic compounds used as pesticides are 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as an herbicide and urea as a fertilizer.
Insecticide .pdf
Insecticide
An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They
include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are
used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major
factor behind the increase in agricultural 20th century\'s productivity . Nearly all insecticides
have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans; some concentrate
along the food chain.
Insecticides can be classified in two major groups: systemic insecticides, which have residual or
long term activity; and contact insecticides, which have no residual activity.
Furthermore, one can distinguish three types of insecticide. 1. Natural insecticides, such as
nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts, made by plants as defenses against insects. 2. Inorganic
insecticides, which are metals. 3. Organic insecticides, which are organic chemical compounds,
mostly working by contact.
The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another
way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an
insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.
Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which do not kill.
activity
Systemic insecticides become incorporated and distributed systemically throughout the whole
plant. When insects feed on the plant, they ingest the insecticide. Systemic insecticides produced
by transgenic plants are called plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs). For instance, a gene that
codes for a specific Bacillus thuringiensis biocidal protein was introduced into corn and other
species. The plant manufactures the protein, which kills the insect when consumed .Contact
insecticides are toxic to insects upon direct contact. These can be inorganic insecticides, which
are metals and include arsenates, copper and fluorine compounds, which are less commonly
used, and the commonly used sulfur. Contact insecticides can be organic insecticides, i.e. organic
chemical compounds, synthetically produced, and comprising the largest numbers of pesticides
used today. Or they can be natural compounds like pyrethrum, neem oil etc. Contact insecticides
usually have no residual activity.
Efficacy can be related to the quality of pesticide application, with small droplets, such as
aerosols often improving performance.[4][better source needed]
Biological pesticides
Main article: Biopesticide
Many organic compounds are produced by plants for the purpose of defending the host plant
from predation. A trivial case is tree rosin, which is a natural insecticide. Specific, the production
of oleoresin by conifer species is a component of the defense response against insect attack and
fungal pathogen infection . Many fragrances, e.g. oil of wintergreen, are in fact antifeedants.
Four extracts of plants are in commercial use: pyrethrum, rotenone, neem oil, and various
essential oil.
pesticide ppt1.pptx
This document provides an overview of pesticide classification and toxicity. It begins by defining pesticides and tracing their historical development. It then describes three methods of classifying pesticides based on mode of entry, function/target organism, and chemical composition. Several classes of pesticides are discussed in depth, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides. Specific pesticides are highlighted and their mechanisms of toxicity and health effects are summarized. The document concludes by distinguishing chemical pesticides from natural or biological pesticides.
Pesticides Article - Mukesh
This document is a manuscript submitted for publication in the Veterinary World journal. It summarizes the manuscript titled "Pesticide residues in milk and their effect on livestock & human being" written by Mukesh K. Raikwar, Subir K. Nag, Manoj Singh and Puneet Kumar. The manuscript discusses various topics including the classification and sources of pesticides, how pesticide residues enter milk, their health impacts on livestock and humans, and maximum residue limits recommended for milk. The submission letter requests the editor to consider the manuscript for publication and acknowledges payment of subscription and submission fees upon acceptance.
Chemical control
This document provides information on the history and development of chemical insecticides. It discusses:
- Key developments in insecticide chemistry from the 900s to modern day, including the discoveries of DDT and organophosphates.
- Parameters used to evaluate insecticide toxicity, including LD50, LC50, and LT50 values.
- Ideal qualities for effective and safe insecticides.
- Factors contributing to insect resistance and potential for resurgence after insecticide use.
PESTICIDES-7-2.pptx
1) Pesticides are substances used to control pests like insects, weeds, and fungi. They have benefits like protecting crops and controlling disease vectors, but also pose hazards to health and the environment if not used carefully.
2) Pesticides are classified based on their target pest into insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides. Common synthetic pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates.
3) Alternatives to pesticides include integrated pest management using biological controls and biopesticides from natural sources like bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. Proper use and disposal of pesticides is important to minimize risks to people and the
Insecticides and pesticides.pptx
Areej Ahmad's document discusses pesticides. It begins by defining pesticides as substances meant to control pests and provides a brief history of pesticide use. It then categorizes pesticides into target, organic, and inorganic types. Examples are given for each type including DDT and nicotine. The document discusses pesticide usage in agriculture, forestry, homes, and for human health including controlling malaria and typhus. Environmental effects and alternatives to pesticides are also covered.
Fungicides, Classification, FRAC MoA.pptx
This document discusses different groups of fungicides. It begins by defining what a fungicide is and how they are classified. Fungicides are broadly grouped based on their mode of action, general use, and chemical composition. The three main modes of action are protectant, therapeutant, and eradicant. Major groups discussed include copper, mercury, sulphur, heterocyclic nitrogen, benzene, organophosphorus, organotin, systemic, strobilurin, and thiocarbamate fungicides. Specific fungicides are given as examples within each group. The document also discusses the in-vitro effect of newer fungicides on the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzian
Impact of pesticides on environment and health
it briefly describes about the current scenario and impact of pesticides . how much damage it has caused , where India stands in all of these. at the end it will also suggest about some alternatives and technologies that can replace these harmful chemicals.
Bioremediation of pesticides
1) The document discusses bioremediation of pesticides through microbial degradation. Various microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and their enzymes can break down pesticides into non-toxic compounds.
2) Common microbes that degrade pesticides include species of Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Rhodococcus. Enzymes like hydrolases, phosphotriesterases, esterases and oxidoreductases play important roles in the biodegradation processes.
3) Bioremediation of pesticides using microbes is an effective and eco-friendly way to clean contaminated sites. Both fungi and bacteria can degrade pesticides, with fungi performing initial transformations and bacteria further breaking down
IRJET - Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Carbon
This document summarizes a study on treating industrial wastewater using activated carbon adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. The study investigated the effectiveness of these methods for removing various pollutants like pesticides, total solids, chlorides, and chemical oxygen demand. The results showed that activated carbon was highly effective at removing pollutants, with efficiencies of over 85% for most contaminants tested. Combining activated carbon with advanced oxidation processes further increased removal of chemical oxygen demand to 85.7%. In conclusion, activated carbon and advanced oxidation processes are effective methods for industrial wastewater treatment.
Pesticides and environment By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the Unive...
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This presentation provides an overview of pesticides. It defines pesticides as substances intended to prevent, destroy or lessen damage from pests like insects, plants or other organisms. It then classifies and gives examples of different types of pesticides like herbicides, insecticides, fungicides. The presentation discusses the chemical composition and working mechanisms of common synthetic pesticides. It outlines both the benefits of pesticides for crop protection and public health, as well as their environmental and health hazards. The Bhopal gas tragedy is presented as an example of a major pesticide accident. Finally, the presentation introduces alternative approaches to pesticides like integrated pest management and biological control using natural predators, parasites or pathogens.
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PESTICIDES
- 1. MD. HABIBUR RAHMAN ID NO: 20121107042 DEPARTMENT OF ACCE BSMRSTU. Welcome to my presentation
- 2. My presentation topic is: “Agrochemicals: Classifications of Pesticides & Insecticides”
- 3. What is agrochemicals? Chemical products that used in agriculture are termed as Agrochemicals. Or Agrochemicals may any substance that used to help manage an agricultural ecosystem, or the community of organisms in a farming area.
- 5. What are pesticides? Pesticides are preparations for the eradication of plant and animal pests, for the protection of plants, animals and man. Or, “Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals, causing harm during the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs”.
- 7. Classification & function of according to mode of action –
- 9. Classification & function of pesticides according to chemicals-
- 10. First use of synthetic pesticides: 1940 2.26 million tons of active ingredients used in 2001. 25% of the world production used in developing countries... where 99% of deaths due to pesticides occur! Use of pesticides
- 11. Use of pesticides – types of product pesticides used in different settings: - agricultural - veterinary - domestic - institutional formulations: liquid, gel, paste, chalk, powder, granules, pellets, baits... concentrations: from 2% to 80% of active ingredient containers: glass, plastic or metal flasks, bottles, drums, traps, plastic bags or paper bags... Continue.
- 12. What is insecticides? Insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.
- 13. on basis of activity insecticides can be classified in two major groups, such as:- a) systemic insecticides: which have residual or long term activity. b) contact insecticides: which have no residual activity. according to chemical nature insecticides can be classified in two major groups, like- a) inorganic insecticides, b) organic insecticides. Classification of insecticides –
- 14. These are generated by inorganic species. a) As-type: Arsenic containing insecticides, example – PbHAsO4, Ca(AsO4)2 etc. b) S-type: Sulfur containing insecticides, example – S, CS2 (liq), Borax –CaSO4 + Ca(OH)2 etc. c) F-type: Flurine containing insecticides, example – NaF, Cryolite (Na3AlF6), Na2SiF6, Paris green, Ethylene oxide etc. Inorganic insecticides
- 15. These are generated by organic species. These can be classed as – a) Natural Organic Insecticides: These are naturally occurred. Examples – Nicotine, Pyrethrins (C21H28O3), Rotenone (C23H22O6) etc. b) Synthetic organic insecticides: These are synthetically generated. Such as- 1. Chlorine containing compounds – DDT, Lindane (C6H6Cl6), Eldrin: C12H8Cl6 etc. 2. Phosphorus containing – TEPP, Di-thione, etc. 3. Organo-carbamates also insect's nervous system. Examples – Isolan, Car. Organo-carbamatebayl etc. Organic insecticides
- 16. Air pollution: ● The pesticides/ herbicides/ insecticides which are suspended in the air contribute to air pollution, when they are carried away to other areas due to wind. ● The phenomenon is also known as pesticide drift. Water pollution: ● It refers to pollution of water bodies such as ponds, lakes or rivers due to unintended mix up of synthetic herbicides/ fungicides/ pesticides Soil pollution: ● It generally occurs when many of the pesticides/ insecticides/ herbicides is used for a prolonged period of time which adversely affects the soil quality and therefore polluting Impact on the environment