The document discusses Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which aims to manage pest populations below economically damaging levels through cultural, biological, and chemical practices. It defines IPM and outlines its objectives of reducing crop losses, pollution, and pesticide use while maintaining ecological balance. The document also discusses the various control methods used in IPM, including cultural, physical, biological and chemical controls, and provides examples of IPM programs and their benefits over non-IPM practices in reducing costs and protecting the environment.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
cotton crop needs highest pesticide application for pest management, So we came with ipm practices for reducing insecticide spray, to manage the resistance development and secondary outbreak of sucking pest
Biological control (from the ecological viewpoint) is, “the action of parasites, predators, or pathogens in maintaining another organism's population density at a lower average than would occur in their absence.”
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
Manipulation of cultural practices at an appropriate time for reducing or avoiding disease damage to crops
The cultural practices make the environment less favorable for the plant pathogen and or more favorable for its bio control agents.
According to Stevens(1960) , the cultural methods of disease control involve agricultural cropping, harvesting and storage, tillage, crop rotation, soil management, growing of resistant varieties, planning of land use, and other related practices.
list of cultural practices
1.Soil solarization
2.Deep summer ploughing
3.Organic and inorganic amendments
4.Fallowing
5. Crop rotation
6. Green manure crops
7.Irrigation practices
and others Roughing
Strip farming
Trap and decay crops
Burning crop residue
Fertilizers usage
Time of sowing
Sanitation
cotton crop needs highest pesticide application for pest management, So we came with ipm practices for reducing insecticide spray, to manage the resistance development and secondary outbreak of sucking pest
Biological control (from the ecological viewpoint) is, “the action of parasites, predators, or pathogens in maintaining another organism's population density at a lower average than would occur in their absence.”
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
Manipulation of cultural practices at an appropriate time for reducing or avoiding disease damage to crops
The cultural practices make the environment less favorable for the plant pathogen and or more favorable for its bio control agents.
According to Stevens(1960) , the cultural methods of disease control involve agricultural cropping, harvesting and storage, tillage, crop rotation, soil management, growing of resistant varieties, planning of land use, and other related practices.
list of cultural practices
1.Soil solarization
2.Deep summer ploughing
3.Organic and inorganic amendments
4.Fallowing
5. Crop rotation
6. Green manure crops
7.Irrigation practices
and others Roughing
Strip farming
Trap and decay crops
Burning crop residue
Fertilizers usage
Time of sowing
Sanitation
Food Security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food, a very useful way of analyzing food security is to differentiate the concept of food availability and accessibility however, food security can also occur in inequitable food distribution or a break down. Food scarcity is a big challenge to the humans worldwide. Human population in the world is increasing rapidly, but land area available for cultivation is decreasing due to infrastructural development among others. World population is expected to grow by over one third (2.3 billion people), between 2009 and 2050. Destruction of food and feed resources by plant diseases has resulted in malnutrition, starvation, migration, and even death of people and animals in many occasions in the past. Impact of plant diseases can be mitigated by adopting effective control measures namely breeding disease resistant varieties, application of effective cultural, chemical and biological measures.
Pest control refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, usually because it is perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or the economy.
The principal objective of a pest control is to protect crops by maintaining the attack of the pests and diseases at an acceptable level.
There are various methods of pest control
they are basically non chemical methods and chemical methods
Helping Farmers to Grow Healthier Crops: Use of qPCR to Monitor Plant Resista...Jonathan Clarke
1. Importance of crop diseases
2. Disease control measures
3. Use of qPCR in selected pathosystems:
• Downy mildew of opium poppy
• Verticillium wilt of olives
This presentation was delivered at the Professional Agriculture Workers Conference at Tuskegee University on December 10, 2015. This presentation gives a quick overview of pest exclusion tactic using low cost shade cloths to exclude large insect pests. For more details and online IPM training videos, please visit www.aces.edu/vegetableipm. Contact your Extension agency or other state institution before adopting practices. For consultation call Dr. A at +1-251-331-8416. Sign up for IPM newsletter by visiting www.aces.edu/ipmcommunicator and put in your email address. Thank you.
An insectivorousplant, also called a carnivorousplant, capturesprey such asinsects,
spiders, crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, asanitrogen source. Many insectivorous
specieslive in freshwater bogs, where nitrogen is not presentin available form, because
the pH ofthe water is extremely acid. The presentation on insectivorous plant will help
the studentsto gain knowledge about thedifferent typesof insectivorous plantspecies
existing on earth aswell astheirmode of nutrition
Food and Agricultural Trade: Implications for Food SecurityDavid Laborde
Presentation given in Vienna, on April 6th 2010 during a World Bank Institute workshop for MENA experts.
I discuss the complex interactions between trade and food security.
Abstract
Cotton is the important cash crop of Pakistan and a major source of foreign earnings. However cotton crop is
facing many problems, such as disease and pest attacks. One way to reduce losses caused by disease and pest
attack is the use integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Keeping in view the importance of this technique,
the present study analyzed the adoption of IPM along with estimation of risk involved in the adoption process.
To estimate the cotton yield, two types of production functions (one for adopter and other for non-adopters) were
estimated using the regression analysis. Then estimate of regression models was used further in risk analysis.
The results of non-adopters of IPM showed that cost of urea bags, cost of nitro-phosphate bags, cost of herbicide
and rainfall were -0.038, 0.00475, 0.301 and 0.164 respectively and all of these significant at 10 percent level.
For non-adopters of IPM the coefficient values of seed expenditure, temperature, humidity and spray cost were
0.0035, 0.026,-.0.00093 and 0.00027 respectively. The results of IPM adopters showed that coefficient of
temperature, seed expenditure, spray cost, urea cost and rainfall equal to 0.0305,0.100,0.0029,-.000213 and
0.894 respectively and significant at ten percent level. Coefficient values of cost of nitro-phosphate bags,
herbicide cost, humidity were 0.00035, 0.100.-0.000671 and -0.000445 respectively.
Keywords: Cotton, IPM, herbicide, evaluation, risk, Coefficient, Hyderabad.
Presenter: M.C. Diwakar, Director, Directorate of Rice Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Patna
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
Session 8.1.4: Adaptation M&E in the Agriculture Sector: lessons learned from...NAP Events
MONITORING AND EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAM IN AGRICULTURE (NAP-Ag)
Chu Van Chuong, Deputy Director General, ICD
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Herbicides during Transition to Conservation Ag...Premier Publishers
The difficulty of manual hoe weeding presents a major challenge to the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Herbicide use is known to reduce manual hoe weeding requirements during the season while increasing economic returns. Studies to determine the efficacy of herbicides in maize under CA were carried out in Zimbabwe. The treatments evaluated were:(i) manual hoe weeding (ii) paraquat (0.2 kg a.i. ha-1) (iii) glyphosate (1.025 kg a.i ha-1) (iv) atrazine (1.8 kg a.i. ha-1) (v) glyphosate (1.025 kg a.i ha-1) + atrazine (1.8 kg a.i. ha-1) (vi) glyphosate (1.025 kg a.i ha-1) + atrazine (1.8 kg a.i. ha-1) + metolachlor (1.152kg a.i. ha-1). Greater efficacy of weed control was higher in herbicide treated plots compared to hoe weeding alone. Atrazine combined with other herbicides or alone significantly (P<0.05) suppressed Garlinsoga parviflora, Bidens pilosa and other broadleaf weeds that dominated the weed spectrum at study sites. A tank mix of glyphosate + atrazine + metolachlor had significantly higher (P<0.05) maize grain yield than hoe weeding alone. Results showed that herbicides lowered weeding time requirement and were more effective in controlling weeds than manual hoe weeding alone. Farmers are thus likely to enjoy more net economic benefits if they adopt herbicide use as a weed control strategy in CA systems.
Recent Advancements for Managing Weeds in kharif Pulses and Their Influence o...AKHIL BHARTI
This is my Master's Seminar presentation which is on the topic Recent Advancements for Managing Weeds in kharif Pulses and Their Influence on Productivity, Profitability and Important Weed Indices.
Scope of organic and natural farming of vegetable crops under protected condi...
Jitendra presentation on IIPM
1. “Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)”
By
Jitendra Kumar Singh
M.Phil/Ph.D
School of Environment and
Sustainable Development
Central University of Gujarat
2. Integrated Pest management (IPM) is defined as a pest management system
that utilizes suitable techniques and methods against the pests in as
compatible manner with the environment as possible and thus, maintaining
the pest population levels below those causing economic injury.
IPM is a vital component of sustainable agriculture.
It reduces the emphasis on pesticides by including cultural, biological, and
mechanical controls.
IPM related activities are being implemented through 26 Central Integrated
Pest Management Centers (CIPMCs) located in 23 States and Union
Territories.
3. Crop Losses due to pests
Average 18% of the crop yield is lost due to pests.
Annual monetary loss in India is: Rs.60,000 Crores.
4. % of Global crop losses due to various categories of pests in major crops
Crop Pests Weeds Pathogens Viruses Total
Cotton 12.3 8.6 7.2 0.7 28.8
Maize 9.6 10.5 8.5 2.7 31.3
Rice 15.1 10.2 10.8 1.4 37.5
Potato 10.9 8.3 14.5 6.6 40.3
Soybean 8.8 7.5 8.9 1.2 26.4
Wheat 7.9 7.7 10.2 2.4 28.2
Average 10.8 8.8 10.0 2.5 32.1
Oerke (2006)
5. Estimation of losses caused by insect pests to major
agricultural crops in India
Actual Approx. estimated loss in yield Hypothetical Value of loss
Crop production production (MT) in million Rs.
(MT)
% Total (MT)
Cotton 44.03 30 18.9 62.9 339660
Rice 96.7 25 32.2 128.9 240138
Maize 19 20 4.8 23.8 29450
Sugarcane 348.2 20 87.1 435.3 70667
Rapeseed- mustard 5.8 20 1.5 7.3 26100
groundnut 9.2 15 1.6 10.8 25165
Other oilseeds 14.7 15 2.6 17.3 35851
Pulses 14.8 15 2.6 17.4 43551
Coarse cereals 17.9 10 2.0 19.9 11933
Wheat 78.9 5 4.1 82.7 41368
Total/average 17.5 863884
Production and MSP fixed by GOI for 2007-08, are adopted from anonymous (2010)
7. Objective of IPM
1. Reduced Crop loss.
2. Minimize environmental pollution.
3. Reduced chemical contamination of food and the environment.
4. Maintain ecological balance with minimum disturbance to ecosystem.
5. Reduce management cost.
6. Reducing Pesticide Use.
7. Maximum crop production.
8. IPM Option for sustainable
agriculture
IPM Options may be considered Proactive or Reactive.
Proactive option such as crop rotation, creation of habitat for beneficial
organisms and permanently lower the carrying capacity of the farm for the
pest.
Cultural controls are generally considered to be proactive strategies.
The second set of option is more reactive.
Reactive option generally include biological, mechanical & physical
controls and chemical controls.
11. IPM System
IPM can be applied wherever pests are found: on and in farms, schools,
homes, hospitals, restaurants, golf courses and home gardens.
• IPM system is designed around six basic components
1. Acceptable pest levels - IPM programmes first work to establish
acceptable pest levels, called action thresholds, and apply controls if those
thresholds are crossed.
2. Preventive cultural practices
3. Monitoring
4. Physical and Mechanical controls
5. Biological controls
6. Responsible Pesticide Use (Chemical controls)
12. Control Methods Used in IPM
Cultural control: using crop rotation, cultivation, sanitation, habitat
control
modification, or removal of sources of pest infestation.
Physical control: using barriers, traps, trap crops; planting, fertilization,
control
tillage, or harvest times.
Biological control: conservation or introduction of predators, parasites,
control
and diseases that suppress or attack pests.
Chemical control: select and use the least toxic, environmentally
control
suitable pesticides in the lowest effective amounts to
control pests.
Genetic control: using plant varieties that are resistant to pest injury.
control
14. Biological control
Increase of predatory
populations
Each pest has natural predators, parasites and competitors.
Bring equilibrium predator-prey below the economic threshold of pest.
15. Techniques used to monitor pest populations
YELLOW STICKY CARD PHEROMONE TRAPS
16. Technology for Pest management
• Biological control
• Cultural control
• Legal control
• Synthetic pesticides
17. Case study
In Tamil Nadu (2012) Integrated pest management practices in sericulture
19. Benefits/Advantage of integrated pest management
IPM protects the environment and our health.
IPM is less damaging to essential soil health and nutrient cycling.
Better plant health giving improved quality and production.
Decreased use of chemical application may result in a financial savings.
Ecological sustainability by conserving natural enemy species, biodiversity, and
genetic diversity.
20. Future IPM Research
1. Biotechnological approaches for pest management
• Marker-assisted selection
• Exploitation of wild relatives for resistance to insect pests and diseases
• Genetic engineering of crop plants for resistance
2. Characterization and diagnosis of plant pathogens and insect pests, and
environmental biosafety of transgenic crops.
3. Host plant resistance and integrated pest management
• Introgression of resistance genes into high yielding varieties and hybrid
parents
• Strategic research to improve the efficiency of genetic enhancement
• Integrate IPM components and validate their effectiveness for insect pest
21. IPM technology can provide green and eco-friendly
alternatives for environment and agricultural management
without harming the nature by the help of pest controlling
methods.
Many case studies concluded that Benefit Cost Ratio (BC
Ratio) was more for IPM farm, compared to Non-IPM farms.