This document discusses Doppler ultrasonography and the spectral waveforms used to analyze blood flow patterns in vessels. It provides details on:
- The Doppler spectrum which represents blood flow velocities over time on a graph with frequency on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
- Characteristics of normal flow patterns seen in major vessels and how they relate to vessel anatomy and organ function.
- Abnormal flow patterns seen in pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas which involve damage to vessel walls. Specific waveform patterns are described that indicate these conditions.
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is very helpful for vascular sergeons, interventional radiologists and sonographers that how to map Vasculature before construction of AV fistula for hemodialysis, how to check its patency, how to check its proper functioning ,to comment on its failure and decide when to reintervene.
Doppler ultrasound of visceral arteriesSamir Haffar
Doppler ultrasound of different diseases of visceral arteries including arterial stenosis and occlusion, arterial aneurysm, artrial pseudoaneurysm, arterio-venous fistula, artrial dissection, and abdominal vascular compression syndromes
A detailed description of ct coronary angiography and calcium scoring with various aspects regarding the preparation, procedure, limitations and a short review regarding post CABG imaging.
Doppler of Lower Limb Arteries. Technical Aspects.Walif Chbeir
Technique of Doppler of LLA Description: General Rules, Role and place of Real-Time Gray-Scale Imaging, Duplex Doppler Sonography, Color Doppler sonography and of Power Doppler sonography. Scanning Technique is described as well as Interpretation and Reporting.
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is very helpful for vascular sergeons, interventional radiologists and sonographers that how to map Vasculature before construction of AV fistula for hemodialysis, how to check its patency, how to check its proper functioning ,to comment on its failure and decide when to reintervene.
Doppler ultrasound of visceral arteriesSamir Haffar
Doppler ultrasound of different diseases of visceral arteries including arterial stenosis and occlusion, arterial aneurysm, artrial pseudoaneurysm, arterio-venous fistula, artrial dissection, and abdominal vascular compression syndromes
A detailed description of ct coronary angiography and calcium scoring with various aspects regarding the preparation, procedure, limitations and a short review regarding post CABG imaging.
Doppler of Lower Limb Arteries. Technical Aspects.Walif Chbeir
Technique of Doppler of LLA Description: General Rules, Role and place of Real-Time Gray-Scale Imaging, Duplex Doppler Sonography, Color Doppler sonography and of Power Doppler sonography. Scanning Technique is described as well as Interpretation and Reporting.
In this part of presentation we will discuss the role of Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of other causes of stenosis and variable pattern in circulation.
In my opinion this presentation will help u to identify even rare pathologies.
Murmurs from the Vascular Members: A Generalized Theoretical Outlook IIJSRJournal
Stenosis-induced turbulence can bring many insidious effects to bear on the vasculature. The sound generated in an arterial compartment due to fluctuating turbulent pressure and the distortions in the flow characteristics around a stenotic region leave much to be desired. As vascular sounds are generated locally in the peripheral blood vessels, they require near-field auscultation. It is commonplace in clinical practice to place premium on near-field auscultation, with little attention to events in the far field. Nevertheless, retrograde waves that travel some distance away from the vicinity of the acoustic source require attention. They create an incipient murmur that pervades from a distance well before the source point on impact with the advancing anterograde wave. This paper, a theoretical study on vascular murmurs, utilized the concept of acoustic power spectrum and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy in describing vascular murmurs. Apologies for far-field acoustic auscultation are made since in-situ-generated vascular sounds may travel beyond the near field.
Demonstrate how to do and use chest ultrasound for diagnosis and management of different pulmonary and pleural diseases also for taken.lung biopsy and insertion of central venous line differential diagnosis of interstetial lung disease .pleural biopsy and diaphragmatic movement .vascular abnormality cardic disease and oericardial effusion
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. Each normal major vessel in the human body has a characteristic flow pattern
that is representable in spectral waveforms obtained with Doppler
ultrasonography (US) and that reflects both the anatomic position of the
vessel and the physiologic need of the organ it supplies.
The Doppler spectrum is a time-velocity waveform that represents variation
in intravascular blood flow velocities during the cardiac cycle.
3. Time is represented along the horizontal axis, and frequency shift (velocity) is depicted
along the vertical axis.
The intensity or brightness (also referred to as the gray-scale velocity plot) of the
spectral line represents the number of red blood cells that are reflecting the ultrasound
beam at each velocity. The width of the spectral line represents the range of velocities
within a vessel. The width may vary during the normal cardiac cycle, narrowing during
systole and widening in diastole.
The spectral window is the clear black zone between the spectral line and the baseline.
Widening of the spectral line and filling of the spectral window is called spectral
broadening. Spectral broadening is normally seen in the presence of high flow velocity,
at the branching of a vessel, or in small-diameter vessels.
31. PSEUDOANEURYSMS
A pseudoaneurysm is a complete rupture through the three walls
of the artery. The intima, media and adventitia are compromised.
In the lower extremity, the escaping blood pools as a well
circumscribed mass and is constrained by the surrounding soft
tissues.
Pseudoaneurysms can develop following penetrating trauma or
arterial catheterization.
The communicating channel between pseudoaneurysm and arterial
lumen is detectable by color Doppler imaging.
Often, a high velocity scale (PRF, peak repetition frequency) is
needed since blood flow velocities are very high.
32. The presence of a "to-and-fro" or "forward-backward" waveform is typically
seen when the Doppler gate is placed over the communicating channel of the
pseudoaneurysm.
The "to" or "forward" component is due to entry of blood into the collection as
the soft tissues expand to accommodate entry of blood within the
pseudoaneurysm cavity. This occurs during systole.
The "fro" or "backward" component is seen during diastole as the blood stored
in the cavity is ejected back into the artery.
This is caused by the stored energy due to
the elasticity of the surrounding soft tissues.
Pseudoaneurysms can have multiple
compartments as well as be solitary .
Blood flow in a pseudoaneurysm cavity
has a tendency to show a swirling pattern.
37. Arteriovenous fistulas
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) can result when there is puncture of
an artery and vein with a direct communication between the two
injured vessels.
A significant pressure gradient will result in a focal area of
significantly increased velocity at the site of the AVF with flow
directed from the artery to the vein.
Color Doppler imaging of AVFs will often demonstrate a bruit
artifact and/or a thrill may be palpable.
38. Spectral Doppler analysis of the effected artery above the
AVF will demonstrate a mono-phasic continuous waveform
with elevated systolic and diastolic velocities.
Flow in the injured artery distal to the AVF will generally have
normal pulsatility.
Spectral Doppler analysis of the effected vein central to the
AVF will demonstrate “arterialized flow” with pulsations
during systole and a lack of respiratory phasicity.
39. This CDI demonstrates a typical color bruit artifact associated with tissue vibration.
41. A, Color flow Doppler image shows a high-velocity jet (arrow)from the common
femoral artery (A) into the distended common femoral vein (V)
42. B, The arterialtype signals sampled in the common femoral vein are consistent
with a large AV fistula showing an arterialized venous blood flow pattern.