This document summarizes a study that tested the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine using two fuel additives: cyclohexylamine and n-butyl alcohol. The additives were each blended at 5 ml with gasoline and tested in a twin cylinder spark ignition engine. Test results found that both additives increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1-1.5% and increased NOx emissions. Emissions of HC and CO were reduced by 6-7% and 11-22%, respectively, for the two additives compared to gasoline alone. The document provides details on the experimental setup, testing methodology, results, and conclusions drawn.
Performance and Emissions Analysis of N-Butanol Blended with Gasoline in Spar...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The power developed by an internal-combustion
engine depends upon the fuel used for combustion. Fuels
commonly used in internal combustion engines are derived
from crude oil, which are depleting and are important
sources of air pollution. In this study, n-butanol was used
as an additive with gasoline as fuel in spark ignition engine.
N-butanol exhibits good burning characteristics, contain
oxygen, reduces some exhaust emissions and as well, has
energy density and octane rating close to that of gasoline.
The various blend rates (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 percent by
volume) were used in the engine performance analysis
using a TD110-115 single cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled
spark ignition engine test rig, under different loading
conditions. An SV-5Q automobile exhausts gas analyzer
was used to measure the concentration of gaseous emissions
such as unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2
) from the engine tail pipe.
The results of engine performance showed reduction in the
exhaust temperature was observed for the blends than to
that of gasoline. It was observed that all the blends
improved the brake thermal efficiency and exhibited high
fuel consumption, lower specific energy consumption and
lower emissions than gasoline. All the blends performed
satisfactorily on spark-ignition engine without engine
modification.
—In a laboratory experiment was conducted on
the utilization of Ethanol-Diesel emulsion in a single
cylinder direct injection diesel engine, a single cylinder,
water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used. The
principal goals of the present work are to obtain emission
data and combustion characteristics for this type of Diesel
Engine, and to identify the ratio of Emulsion which is
effective in reducing emissions. Experiments were
conducted with emulsions viz (90%diesel + 10%ethanol),
(80% diesel + 20% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30%ethanol) as
fuel. While AVL smoke meter was employed to measure
the smoke density in HSU, the exhaust gas analyzer was
used to measure the NOx emission. High volume sampler
was employed to measure the particulate matter emitted at
the exhaust. The combustion characteristics were studied
using AVL combustion analyser. From the experimental
investigation it was found that the smoke, particulate
matter and Oxides of Nitrogen emissions were reduced
marginally. From the pressure curve and cumulative heat
release curve, it was observed that the combustion started
earlier and the rate of pressure rise increased marginally.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance and Emissions Analysis of N-Butanol Blended with Gasoline in Spar...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The power developed by an internal-combustion
engine depends upon the fuel used for combustion. Fuels
commonly used in internal combustion engines are derived
from crude oil, which are depleting and are important
sources of air pollution. In this study, n-butanol was used
as an additive with gasoline as fuel in spark ignition engine.
N-butanol exhibits good burning characteristics, contain
oxygen, reduces some exhaust emissions and as well, has
energy density and octane rating close to that of gasoline.
The various blend rates (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 percent by
volume) were used in the engine performance analysis
using a TD110-115 single cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled
spark ignition engine test rig, under different loading
conditions. An SV-5Q automobile exhausts gas analyzer
was used to measure the concentration of gaseous emissions
such as unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2
) from the engine tail pipe.
The results of engine performance showed reduction in the
exhaust temperature was observed for the blends than to
that of gasoline. It was observed that all the blends
improved the brake thermal efficiency and exhibited high
fuel consumption, lower specific energy consumption and
lower emissions than gasoline. All the blends performed
satisfactorily on spark-ignition engine without engine
modification.
—In a laboratory experiment was conducted on
the utilization of Ethanol-Diesel emulsion in a single
cylinder direct injection diesel engine, a single cylinder,
water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used. The
principal goals of the present work are to obtain emission
data and combustion characteristics for this type of Diesel
Engine, and to identify the ratio of Emulsion which is
effective in reducing emissions. Experiments were
conducted with emulsions viz (90%diesel + 10%ethanol),
(80% diesel + 20% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30%ethanol) as
fuel. While AVL smoke meter was employed to measure
the smoke density in HSU, the exhaust gas analyzer was
used to measure the NOx emission. High volume sampler
was employed to measure the particulate matter emitted at
the exhaust. The combustion characteristics were studied
using AVL combustion analyser. From the experimental
investigation it was found that the smoke, particulate
matter and Oxides of Nitrogen emissions were reduced
marginally. From the pressure curve and cumulative heat
release curve, it was observed that the combustion started
earlier and the rate of pressure rise increased marginally.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigations of diesel engine using fish oil biodiesel and its...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Alcohol-Blends...Kalprajsinh Zala
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, blending of diesel fuel has provided a better solution. The objectives of this report is to analyse the performance and the emission characteristic of a Single Cylinder Diesel engine that are using blended fuel & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This paper describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics of diesel engine. Data that are required for the analysis will be observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis will be done after all the required data needed for the experiment is obtained. A four stroke Single cylinder CI engine will be adopted to study the emissions at zero load, partial load & full load with using 5, 10, 15 & 20% ethanol-diesel blends.
Performance analysis of single cylinder diesel engine by ethanol dieselKalprajsinh Zala
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, blending of diesel fuel has provided a better solution. The objectives of this report is to analyse the performance and the emission characteristic of a Single Cylinder Diesel engine that are using blended fuel & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This paper describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics of diesel engine. Data that are required for the analysis will be observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis will be done after all the required data needed for the experiment is obtained. A four stroke Single cylinder CI engine will be adopted to study the emissions at zero load, partial load & full load with using 5, 10, 15 & 20% ethanol-diesel blends.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
COMBUSTION OPTIMIZATION IN SPARK IGNITION ENGINESBarhm Mohamad
The blending technique used in internal combustion engines can reduce emission of toxic exhaust components and noises, enhance overall energy efficiency and reduce fuel costs. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of dual alcohols (methanol and ethanol) blended in gasoline fuel (GF) against performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Problems arise in the fuel delivery system when using the highly volatile methanol - gasoline blends. This problem is reduced by using special fuel manifold. However, the satisfactory engine performance of the dual alcohol–gasoline blends need to be proved. The test fuels were GF, blend M35g65 (35 % methanol, and 65% GF by volume), blend E40g60 (40% ethanol, and 6o% GF by volume). The blend M35g65 was selected to match the vapor pressure (VP) of GF. The test fuels were a lean mixture with excess-air ratio of λ=1.1. The reaction parameters are taken from literatures and fitting calculations. Mathematical model and Computer software AVL program were conducted on a naturally-aspirated, spark ignition engine. The results show that indicate thermal efficiency (ITE) improved whereas the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of the blends reduced, which is a benefit that reduces compression work. The regulated emissions were also reported. The blend E40g60 was recommended in preference to use because the former had shortened combustion duration, high energy content and its VP was selectively matched to that of GF's.
The impact of engine operating variables on emitted PM and Pb for an SIE fuel...iosrjce
The replacement of gasoline with ethanol is increased worldwide indicating the need to understand
the air quality impacts of this exchanging. In the recent study, variable experimental tests conducted to evaluate
the impacts of several ethanol-gasoline blends (E20, E50, and E80) on particulate matter (PM) and lead (Pb)
concentrations emitted from a four-stroke, single cylinder, water-cooled spark-ignition (SI) engine. PM and Pb
exhaust emissions measured and analyzed at variable engine operation parameters.
The emitted PM emissions reduced with increase concentration of ethanol in the blend. Compared to the
baseline gasoline (E0), E20 gave relatively lower reductions in PM emissions, while E50 and E80 both reduced
PM emissions under the conditions studied. Ethanol was observed to impact Pb emissions depending on the
ethanol share in the blend
Experimental investigations of diesel engine using fish oil biodiesel and its...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Alcohol-Blends...Kalprajsinh Zala
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, blending of diesel fuel has provided a better solution. The objectives of this report is to analyse the performance and the emission characteristic of a Single Cylinder Diesel engine that are using blended fuel & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This paper describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics of diesel engine. Data that are required for the analysis will be observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis will be done after all the required data needed for the experiment is obtained. A four stroke Single cylinder CI engine will be adopted to study the emissions at zero load, partial load & full load with using 5, 10, 15 & 20% ethanol-diesel blends.
Performance analysis of single cylinder diesel engine by ethanol dieselKalprajsinh Zala
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, blending of diesel fuel has provided a better solution. The objectives of this report is to analyse the performance and the emission characteristic of a Single Cylinder Diesel engine that are using blended fuel & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This paper describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics of diesel engine. Data that are required for the analysis will be observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis will be done after all the required data needed for the experiment is obtained. A four stroke Single cylinder CI engine will be adopted to study the emissions at zero load, partial load & full load with using 5, 10, 15 & 20% ethanol-diesel blends.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
COMBUSTION OPTIMIZATION IN SPARK IGNITION ENGINESBarhm Mohamad
The blending technique used in internal combustion engines can reduce emission of toxic exhaust components and noises, enhance overall energy efficiency and reduce fuel costs. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of dual alcohols (methanol and ethanol) blended in gasoline fuel (GF) against performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Problems arise in the fuel delivery system when using the highly volatile methanol - gasoline blends. This problem is reduced by using special fuel manifold. However, the satisfactory engine performance of the dual alcohol–gasoline blends need to be proved. The test fuels were GF, blend M35g65 (35 % methanol, and 65% GF by volume), blend E40g60 (40% ethanol, and 6o% GF by volume). The blend M35g65 was selected to match the vapor pressure (VP) of GF. The test fuels were a lean mixture with excess-air ratio of λ=1.1. The reaction parameters are taken from literatures and fitting calculations. Mathematical model and Computer software AVL program were conducted on a naturally-aspirated, spark ignition engine. The results show that indicate thermal efficiency (ITE) improved whereas the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of the blends reduced, which is a benefit that reduces compression work. The regulated emissions were also reported. The blend E40g60 was recommended in preference to use because the former had shortened combustion duration, high energy content and its VP was selectively matched to that of GF's.
The impact of engine operating variables on emitted PM and Pb for an SIE fuel...iosrjce
The replacement of gasoline with ethanol is increased worldwide indicating the need to understand
the air quality impacts of this exchanging. In the recent study, variable experimental tests conducted to evaluate
the impacts of several ethanol-gasoline blends (E20, E50, and E80) on particulate matter (PM) and lead (Pb)
concentrations emitted from a four-stroke, single cylinder, water-cooled spark-ignition (SI) engine. PM and Pb
exhaust emissions measured and analyzed at variable engine operation parameters.
The emitted PM emissions reduced with increase concentration of ethanol in the blend. Compared to the
baseline gasoline (E0), E20 gave relatively lower reductions in PM emissions, while E50 and E80 both reduced
PM emissions under the conditions studied. Ethanol was observed to impact Pb emissions depending on the
ethanol share in the blend
Effect of SC5D Additive on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF NM-DIESEL BLEND ON VCR DIESEL ENGINEijmech
The consumption of fuel is increasing resulting in pollution of environment with smoke and NOx due to the
development in automobile and power sector. These emission contents smoke and NOx can be reduced by
adding additives with diesel fuel. As these additives are very costly and hence becomes unviable. These
additives decrease the performance of combustion.
Oxygenated compounds are most widely used among additives. The reason for this is the participation of
their oxygen in reactions leading to better combustion and hence lowering the emission contents the
molecular structure of the oxygen contents of additives directly influence on smoke reduction and the
oxygen concentration of the fuel flame also effects the emission specially Nitro paraffin compound
additives have high oxygen contents is then molecular structure. So we considered as oxygenated
additives.
We have used nitro methane (NM) (2%) as an additives with diesel while analyzing the emission
characteristic on VCR Engine
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
9. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[3] Martynika Paluchowska and Lukasz Jeczmionek, Impact of the content of ETBE, EtOH and polybutylene-succinate
additives on the propensity of E10 petrol to form deposits in combustion chambers, Elsevier Journal of Fuel, Vol.162,
pp.34-38, 2015.
[4] Ozge D. Bozkurt, F.Meliz Tunc, Nur Baglar, Serdar Celebi, i. Dogan Gunbas, Alper Uzun, Alternative fuel additives
from glycerol by etherification with isobutene: Structure-performance relationships in solid catalysts, Elsevier Journal
of Fuel Processing Technology, Vol.138, pp.780-804, 2015.
[5] Egle Sendzikiene, Alfredas Rimkus, Mindaugas Melaika, Violeta Makareviciene, Saugirdas Pukalskas, Impact of
biomethane gas on energy and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine fuelled with a stoichiometric
mixture at various ignition advance angles, Elsevier Journal of Fuel, Vol.162, pp.194-201, 2015.
[6] Peng Geng, Hui Zhang, Combustion and emission characteristics of a direct-injection gasoline engine using the
MMT fuel additive gasoline, Elsevier Journal of Fuel, Vol.144, pp.380-387, 2015.
[7] Hazim Sharudin, Nik Rosil Abdullah, G. Najafi, Rizalman Mamat, H.H. Masjuki, Investigation of the effects of iso-
butanol additives on spark ignition engine fuelled with methanol-gasoline blends, Elsevier Journal of Applied Thermal
Engineering, 8th December, 2016.
[8] Meisam Ahmadi Ghadikolaei, Effect of alcohol blend and fumigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of IC
engines-A review, Elsevier Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.57, pp.1440-1495, 2016.
[9] Amal M. Nassae, Nehal S. Ahmed, Hamdy S. Abdel-Hameed, Ahmed F.EI-Kafrawy, Synthesis and utilization of non-
metallic detergent/dispersant and antioxidant additives for lubricating engine oil, Elsevier Journal of Tribology
International, Vol.93, pp.297-305, 2016.
[10] Haifeng Liu, Bin Hu, Chao Jin, Effects of different alcohols additives on solubility of hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel
blends, Elsevier Journal of Fuel, Vol.184, pp.440-448, 2016.
[11] Po-Ming Yang, Kuang C. Lin, Yuan-Chung Lin, Syu-Ruel Jhang, Shang-Cyuan Chen, Elsevier Journal of Applied
Thermal Engineering, Vol.100, pp.628-635, 2016.
BIOGRAPHIES
Mohammed Shamim received the B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Annamalai
University, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu
in 2013 and pursuing Masters of Engineering degree in Energy Engineering and Management
from Annamalai University, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar,
Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu respectively.
D. Manivannan received the B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Annamalai University,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu in 2014 and
pursuing Masters of Engineering degree in Energy Engineering and Management from Annamalai
University, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu
respectively.
biodiesel.
teaching experience. He is publishing many research papers in the field of IC engines and
Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, with 8 years of
C. Syed Aalam is currently working as assistant professor in Annamalai University, Faculty of
Engineering and Technology, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
R. Ravi Kumar is pursuing Masters of Engineering from Annamalai University, Faculty of