In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, blending of diesel fuel has provided a better solution. The objectives of this report is to analyse the performance and the emission characteristic of a Single Cylinder Diesel engine that are using blended fuel & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This paper describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics of diesel engine. Data that are required for the analysis will be observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis will be done after all the required data needed for the experiment is obtained. A four stroke Single cylinder CI engine will be adopted to study the emissions at zero load, partial load & full load with using 5, 10, 15 & 20% ethanol-diesel blends.

1. Performance Analysis of
Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using
Alcohol-Blends & Fuel Additives
Prepared By :
Kalprajsinh Zala
Pratik Umrigar
Vishal Joshi
Presented at :
National Conference on Progress,
Research and Innovation in
Mechanical Engineering
PRIME 2017
1

2. Content
Aims & Objectives
Blending with Additives
Methodology
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
2

3. Aims & Objectives
Investigate
performance of Diesel
engine by using
blended fuel
(Diesohol)
Investigate the physical
and chemical properties,
combustion and
emissions parameters
3

4. Blending
Problems
with
Blending
Less
Heating
Value
Low
Cetane
Number
High
Fuel
Consump
tion
Phase
Separation
4

5. Phase Separation
5

6. Reduction of Phase Sepration
By Adding Ethyl Acetate By using Fan or Turbine
6

7. Final Blends with Ethyl Acetate
7
E5D E10D E15D E20D
Diesel 950ml Diesel 900ml Diesel 850ml Diesel 750ml
Ethanol 33ml Ethanol 66ml Ethanol 99ml Ethanol 132ml
Ethyl Acetate
17ml
Ethyl Acetate
34ml
Ethyl Acetate
51ml
Ethyl Acetate
68ml

8. Methodology
• For experimentation, a stationary single cylinder diesel engine will
be used. The engine will be coupled with a rope brake dynamometer.
Engine Type
4-Stroke Single Cylinder
Diesel Engine
Cooling Type Air Cooled Engine
No of Cylinders Single Cylinder
Bore Diameter 87.5mm
Stroke 100mm
Compression ratio 16.5:1
RPM 1100
Type of starting Crank starting
Engine Power 7KW 8

9. Experimental Setup
9

10. Experiment Procedure
• Initially at no load conditions, the engine will be started using normal
diesel as fuel.
• Reading at normal diesel without load would be taken after engine
getting warmup.
• The load applied on the engine at the rate 1kg through the dynamometer
and the engine will be allowed to run for a while.
• After the engine reaches equilibrium condition, the various
performance, combustion and emission characteristic parameters will be
observed and recorded.
• The load will be then increased to 2kg and the engine will allowed to
run for some time to reach the equilibrium condition.
• After reaching the equilibrium conditions, the various performance,
combustion and emission parameters will be noted as per the standard
procedure. 10

11. Results & Discussion
 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is found to be increasing as the
load increase compared to diesel. This is due to lower heating value
of ethanol-blends than that of diesel fuel alone
11

12.  CO Emission
CO emission is decrease by using ethanol blends at no load condition
as compared to diesel fuel. After this CO emission is slightly increase
in 1kg load for E5D blend but after that it can be decrease throughout
12

13.  CO2 Emission
For all ethanol blends CO2 emission is decreases as compared to diesel
fuel for all loading condition.
13

14.  HC Emission
HC emission for ethanol blends is very much higher than that for the
diesel fuel alone. The reason behind this drastically increasing value of
HC emission is amount of oxygen that can be required for complete
combustion is not available in the combustion chamber. The value of
HC emission can be very much higher in case of no load and 1kg load
after that it is decreasing.
14

15.  Percentage of Oxygen
Amount of oxygen that is being emitted by tailpipe is very much less as
compared to diesel fuel alone that shows proper combustion is taking
place.
15

16. CONCLUSION
 Ethanol cannot be blended with diesel without the assistance of
additive such as Ethyl Acetate. With the blends tested, the blends of
5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (by volume) with diesel were all separated
into two layers, when Ethyl Acetate were added into the above
blends, they were all lasted longer without the phase separation
problem.
 By analysing test samples and performing sequence of experiment we
had found that the blend between ED10 & E15D is suitable for diesel
engine.
 The fuel consumptions of the engine fuelled by the blends were
higher compared with those fuelled by pure diesel. The more ethanol
was added in, the higher fuel consumptions take place, because
ethanol has low heating value so more fuel consumption takes place
when ethanol percentage increases.
16

17. CONCLUSION (Cont.)
 CO emission is very much reduce by using ethanol diesel blends
as compared to diesel fuel.
 CO2 emission is drastically reduce at no load condition. After it is
increasing as the load increase but it is below the diesel fuel
emission.
 HC emission is increases in ethanol diesel blends, the probable
reason is due to lack of oxygen that required for complete
combustion.
 Percentage of available oxygen is very much less in ethanol diesel
blends which is the main factor for HC emissions.
17

18. REFERENCE
1. Daheriya, Lalit Kumar, and Nitin Shrivastava. "Effect of performance
and emissions on DI diesel engine using ethanol diesel blends-A
Review."International Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology. Vol. 1. No. 6 (August-2012). ESRSA publications, 2012.
2. Li, De-gang, et al. "Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel
blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel
engines." Renewable energy 30.6 (2005):967-976.
3. Balamurugan, T., and R. Nalini. "Effect of Blending Alcohol with
Diesel on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of
Four Stroke Diesel Engine–An Experimental Study." International
Journal of Chemtech Research 6.1 (2014): 750-762.
4. Sreenivasulu, P., et al. "Importance and role of additives for
estimating performance and emission in CI Engine using alcohols as
fuels-A Study."International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology 2.8 (2013).
18

19. REFERENCE (Cont.)
5. Ribeiro, Núbia M., et al. "The role of additives for diesel and diesel
blended (ethanol or biodiesel) fuels: a review." Energy & fuels 21.4
(2007): 2433-2445.
6. Shekhawat, Vivek Singh, and Ravi Shankar Padwa. "Role of
Additives and their Influence on Performance of Engine for
Petroleum Diesel Fuel, Oxygenated-Diesel Blend: A
Review." International Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology. Vol. 4. No. 07, July-2015. ESRSA Publications, 2015.
7. Sathiyagnanam, A. P., C. G. Saravanan, and M. Gopalakrishnan.
"Hexanol-ethanol diesel blends on DI-diesel engine to study the
combustion and emission." Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering. Vol. 2. 2010.
8. Mehta, Rakhi N., Mousumi Chakraborty, and Parimal A. Parikh.
"Comparative study of stability and properties of alcohol-diesel
blends."Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 19.2 (2012): 134-
139. 19

20. REFERENCE (Cont.)
9. Vertin, Keith D., et al. Methylal and methylal-diesel blended fuels for
use in compression-ignition engines. No. 1999-01-1508. SAE
Technical Paper, 1999.
10. Pirouzfar, V., A. Zarringhalam Moghaddam, and B. Mirza.
"Physicochemical Properties and Combustion Performance of Gas
Oil–Fuel Additives." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 134.4
(2012): 041101.
11. Gomasta, S., and S. K. Mahla. "An experimental investigation of
ethanol blended diesel fuel on engine performance and emission of a
diesel engine."International journal on emerging
technologies2021 (2012): 74-79.
12. De Caro, P. Satgé, et al. "Interest of combining an additive with
diesel–ethanol blends for use in diesel engines." Fuel 80.4 (2001):
565-574
20

21. 21