The document defines and explains the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that began in the past and have relevance to the present. It can be used to describe something that started in the past and continues now, an indefinite past action, a repeated past action, or a past action that affects the present. The present perfect tense can also be used with the word "just" to talk about a very recent past action. The document provides examples of using the present perfect tense verbally and nominally and lists words that are commonly used with the present perfect tense such as "since," "already," "ever," "for," "just," and "yet."

1. Present perfect tense

2. Definition
Present perfect tense is talk about things that
happened at some time in the past and have a
connection to the present.

3. Function
1. Something that started in the past and is still true now
 I known my best friend since I was 14
2. Indefinite past action
 I have flown on a plane before
3. Repeated past action
 Ana has gone to park many times
4. Used in the past but has an effect on the present situation
 I have posted the letter
5. It is also used with just for recently completed action
 I have just eaten

4. Form
Nominal
Verbal
next

5. Verbal
Positive Negative Question
I
You
We
They
Have + verb3
+ o
Have not +
verb3 + o
Have + subject +
verb3 + O ?
She
He
It
Has + verb3 +
o
Has not + verb3
+ o
Has + subject +
verb3 + O ?
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6. Nominal
Positive Negative Question
I
You
We
They
Have + been +
complement
Have not + been
+ complement
Have + subject +
been +
complement ?
She
He
It
Has + been +
complement
Has not + been +
complement
Has + subject +
been +
complement ?
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7. Example
Verbal
1. Positive
He has BOUGHT a skateboard
2. Negative
He hasn’t BOUGHT a skateboard
3. Question
Has he BOUGHT a skateboard ?
Nominal
1. Positive
I has BEEN for 20 minutes
2. Negative
I hasn’t BEEN for 20 minutes
3. Question
Has I BEEN for 20 minutes ?

8. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

9. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word is followed by a certain
time in the past?
Since
 I haven’t seen Helen since last summer.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

10. Which word is used in positive statements to
stress that something has happened?
Already
 Karen has already left Hong Kong.
We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

11. Which other word is often used with the
present perfect tense in questions?
Ever
 Has he ever invited you out for lunch?
We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

12. Which word is followed by a length of time?
For
 She hasn’t written to me for a year.
We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

13. Which word shows that an action
was completed a short time ago?
Just
 They have just finished the project.
We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

14. Which word is often used with negative statements and
questions when the action has happened already or
we expect it to happen soon?
Yet
 I haven’t had lunch yet.
We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet