Ivan Pul'ui was a Ukrainian physicist born in 1845 who made important contributions to the discovery of X-rays. He constructed one of the first X-ray generating tubes in 1881, over a decade before Wilhelm Röntgen's famous discovery of X-rays. Pul'ui's tube enabled him to produce some of the earliest X-ray images, including images of a fractured bone and a pin embedded in a person's hand. Throughout his career, Pul'ui worked to advance Ukrainian culture and education, translating the Bible into Ukrainian and advocating for the development of Ukrainian literature and national identity. He is commemorated in Ukraine through institutions, currency, and streets named in his honor.

1. Ivan Pul'ui
"There is more intelligent gonorrhea for men as keep his
honor and national awards and no right to work for the
good of his people to give him a better future."
(John Puliui)

2. Biography
Ivan Pul'ui was born in 1845 in a deeply religious
Greek Catholic family. In 1865 he graduated from
the Ternopil th high school and entered the
theological faculty of the University of Vienna,
graduating with honors. He later entered the
Physics and Mathematics Department of the
Faculty of Philosophy at the same university,
where he studied until 1872. He was associate
professor of the University of Vienna.

3. Biography
In 1874 - 1875 years Ivan Pavlovich taught physics at the
Naval Academy in Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia).In 1875,
John Puliui, as a fellow Austrian Ministry of Education,
increased their knowledge under the guidance of Professor
August Kundt in Strazburzkomu University.In 1876 he
defended his doctoral dissertation, "The dependence of
internal friction gas temperature," which published a study
of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of gases for
which received a doctorate in natural philosophy,
University of Strasbourg.

4. Biography
In 1884, the Ministry of Education of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire offered Ivan Pavlovich as Professor of
Experimental Physics and Technology, chair of the physics
of the German Higher Technical School (now the Czech
Technical University) in Prague, he in 1903 turned into
Europe's first Department of Physics and Electrical
Engineering . From 1888 — 1889.Ivan Pavlovich was
rector of the school, and he created the department was
headed for 32 years. Besides IP Puliui was state counselor
of Electrical Bohemia and Moravia. In 1916 he was offered
the post of Minister of Education in Austria, which he
refused on medical grounds. He died in 1918 in Prague,
where he was buried.

5. Scientific contributions
Phenomenon generated by an electric current in a vacuum,
John Puliui more interested in the University of Strasbourg.
Having mastered the craft of glass blower, he blew glass
tubes for their experiments, as well as for fellow physicists.
Befriended him Nikola Tesla, who also trained at that time
Professor A. Kundt and adopted in Pul'uj art production
tubing. John Puliui and Nikola Tesla, following a number
of studies of gas-discharge tubes, according to many
historians of science and physicists were closest to unravel
the nature of the radiation generated by the cathode rays.

6. Scientific contributions
Returning from Strasbourg to Vienna Puliui John
continued to study phenomena in tubes. In 1880 - 1882
years he described the visible cathode rays.In 1881 he
designed tube that emits X-rays - the prototype of modern
X-ray machines, was awarded the Silver Medal at the
International Electrical Exhibition in Paris. Worldwide, it
has become known as the "lamp Pul'uj" and even for some
time now produced commercially.

7. Scientific contributions
The artistic heritage Pul'uj impresses with its
diversity in each of the above major areas. Puliui as
a physicist - a virtuoso designer and
experimenter.He and brilliant popularizer who was
able to combine his lectures, articles and pamphlets
scientific rigor with a beautiful literary style. The
most important achievement in physics Pul'uj
relating cathode and X-rays.

8. Scientific contributions
Constructed 14 years before opening VK Roentgen, it
generated rays subsequently named the suggestion
anatomist Kollikera X. With this device IP Puliui the first
time in the world made a broken arm shot 13-year-old boy
shot his daughter's hand with a pin that lies beneath it and a
picture of the skeleton stillborn child.A series of X-ray of
man made Puliui was so clear that enabled the identification
of pathological changes in the bodies of patients. However,
the lack of properly equipped laboratories and financial
difficulties severely hampered research scientist.

9. Scientific contributions
The author of 50 scientific publications in
Ukrainian, German and English, especially
the problems of cathode rays and cathode X-
rays, which opened 3 years before Roentgen.
1892 published description scheme-tube that
emits X-rays. The first in the world did the
"X" picture skeleton.

10. Translation Bible
However Panteleimon Kulish and Nechui-
Levitsky, Ivan Puliui made the first Ukrainian
translation of the New and Old Testament,
published in 1903.

11. Ivan Pul'ui and Ukraine
Separately, it must be said about the intense and fruitful,
lifelong, John Pul'uj activities aimed at national rebirth of
Ukraine.
On the role played in his life serving Ukrainian national idea
can be judged from the statement of Pul'uj: "Electrical,
majestic melting latest in science, on which I was bothered
many close and dear momu heart, but blyzsha and dorozhsha
our language our literature and the fate of our nation. "

12. Commemoration
Ternopil National Technical University is named
after John Pul'uj.
John Pul'uj Museum opened in Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj
National Technical University on the occasion of
165th anniversary of the famous countryman in
February 2010.
National Bank of Ukraine, continuing a series of
"Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine", introduced
in circulation 25 January 2010 commemorative
coin 5 hryvnia dedicated to Ivan Pavlovich Puliui.

13. Commemoration
February 2, the birthday of John Pul'uj in Ternopil National
Technical University named after Ivan Pul'uj Pulyuyivski
held scientific readings.
Streets Ivan Pul'uj:
In Kiev, there Pul'uj street in the Turkish town;
in Lvov (former street Ordzhonikidze);
Ternopil (former street Nakhimov);
in Ivano-Frankivsk;
in Drohobych.