The document provides information about the United Kingdom, London, and some of their key attributes. It discusses the UK's parliamentary monarchy system of government and important scientific inventions that originated from there. London is the capital of the UK and is a global economic and cultural center with a rich cultural history. Some of its most famous landmarks and streets are mentioned, as well as its public transportation systems and traditional ceremonies still observed today.

1. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
London

2. Politics
• United Kingdom is a
parliamentary monarchy,
headed by the queen.
Parliament is the
supreme authority
throughout the territory.
The relationship between
people and government
are regulated by
legislative acts, unwritten
laws and conventions.

3. Science
• In the UK, were made many​​
important inventions:
antibiotics, electronic
computer, a modern bike,
photography, steam turbine,
electromagnetics, stereo
sound, a movie, a propeller,
the internal combustion
engine, electronic computer
(PC) and others.The maine
academic institutions are the
London Royal Society of
Science and the British
Akademy of Social Sciences.

4. Culture
• Culture of the United Kingdom is rich
and varied. It is largely influenced by the
culture on a global scale. The UK has
strong cultural ties with its former
colonies, especially with those States
where English is the official language.
Significant contribution to British culture
over the past half of the century have
made immigrants from the Indian
subcontinent and the Caribbeans. During
the formation of the United Kingdom it
was composed of former independent
countries with different cultures, which
should be considered separately.
• The national newspapers are: The Times,
The Guardian, The Independent, The Daily
Telegraph, The Observer, The Financial
Times, The Daily Express, The Sun, The
Mirror, The People.

5. Some Interesting Facts about the
UK
• There is no written
constitution in the UK.
• The House of Commons is
the only place in Britain where
no one can enter except its
members. Even the Queen of
England, as it is not a member
of the House.
• In the UK, traditionally the
position of First Lord of the
Treasury takes the prime
minister and the Queen takes
the position of First Lord of the
Admiralty.

6. LONDON

7. About origin of name
• The modern name of the city - London - comes
from the Latin word "Londinium". There is no
consensus about the origin of the word, but
scientists have repeatedly put forward the
hypothesis on the etymology of the name.

8. Transportation
• Buses are used for the local
trevelling. There are 700 routes on
which buses are carrying on
weekdays about 6 million
passengers. Famous coaches are
the Routemasters, which became a
symbol not only of London but
also across the UK. They were
removed with a linear operation in
2005 and now only go on excursion
routes.
• London Underground is the oldest
in the world. It has constantly
worked since 1863 and daily
transports 3 million passengers,
approximately 1 billion people in a
year.
• The famous London black taxis
look exactly the same way as
seventy years ago, except for
advertising, covering now many of
these cars.

9. The famous streets and squares
• Piccadilly the street and thearea is
the economic center of the city.
• In the middle of the Trefalger
square is a monument in honor of
Horatio Nelson, who commanded
the British fleet at the Battle of
Trafalgar.
• Oxford Street is a shopping street.
There are boutiques and shopping
malls there
• Harley Street is a street in
Westminster, which became famous
as a street of doctors. Many doctors
still lead the practice on Harley
Street.
• Abbey Road is a famous recording
studio, where many legendary
artists made their recods, among
them : The Beatles, Pink Floyd,
Manfred Mann and others.
• Baker Street is the street in which
the Sherlock Holmes Museum is
situated.

10. Traditions and ceremonies
• Britain is known as a country of
traditions. Many of them have been
preserved since ancient times, and
Londoners are always proud of them.
• Changing of the Guard at Buckingham
Palace is one of the most famous and
popular tradition with tourists in
London. This ceremony takes place
daily at 11:30 a.m. from April until
August.This tradition is one of the
most beautiful in London.
• Ceremony of the Keys - a 700-years-
old ritual of closure of the Tower –is
run by its chief guard at exactly 21:50
every day.
• Except Easter, Christmas and New
Year, all the holidays in England fall
strictly on Monday. The New Years
day is celebrated in the family with a
traditional apple pie. Easter is always
celebrated in April. Easter Monday is
the day when all the people
congratulate each other and give
presents to children in the streets such
as sweets and toys.

11. THE END