Mental retardation is defined as significantly sub-average intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior manifested during the developmental period, with an incidence of about 2% of the population. It is classified into four categories based on IQ: mild (IQ 55-70, 80% of cases), moderate (IQ 40-55, 12% of cases), severe (IQ 25-40, 7% of cases), and profound (IQ below 25, 1% of cases). The etiology of mental retardation includes conditions associated with the preconception, periconception, prenatal, and perinatal periods such as genetic syndromes, metabolic disorders, infections, trauma, toxins, and prematurity. Assessment involves

1. Mental Retardation Dr.Adnan Hamawandi

6. Conditions associated with MR Hurler syndrome Encephalocele Down syndrome Metabolic Malformation Chromosomal Preconception and Periconception Meningitis Car accidents Kwashiokor Phenylketonuria Lead toxicity Infection Trauma Malnutrition Metabolic toxin postnatal Hypoxia hypoglycemia Prematurity metabolic Perinatal Chemicals Rubella Teratogen Infection Prenatal Examples Type of condition Period of development