Pediatric surgery involves the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. It became a subspecialty of surgery in the 20th century focusing on the surgical care of birth defects. Subspecialties include neonatal surgery and fetal surgery. Surgery treats pediatric diseases like vascular disorders, otolaryngology diseases, rhinosinusitis, urology diseases, and more. Organ transplants are also common but donor availability is limited.

2. Pediatric surgery

3. involving the surgery of
fetuses, infants,
children, adolescents,
and young adults
the 20th
Pediatric Pediatric century as
surgery is a surgery
subspecialty the surgical
of surgery care of birth
defects
Subspecialties of
pediatric surgery
itself include:
neonatal surgery
and fetal surgery.

4. Pediatric diseases treated by
surgery

5. Surgery vascular
Conduits for Vascular Reconstruction
in the Pediatric Patient
arterial and venous Such factors include
grafts, such as Many factors the small caliber of
great saphenous must be their vessels, the
and internal iliac considered possibility of spasm,
the risk of infection,
veins and internal when dealing the propensity for
mammary, radial, with this patient children to rapidly
and hypogastric population. form collateral
arteries circulation

6. Otolaryngology diseases
Serous otitis
process characterized mainly affects
by collection of serous
fluid or mucous in the children under
middle ear space. 8 years

7. The Role of the
Eustachian
tube
causes
deafness
mouth
breathing
SYMPTOMS
otalgia

8. MEDICAL TREATMENT
steroidal anti- oral
inflammatory antihistamines

9. Acute otitis media
Haemophilus
influenzae in culture
positive figures
close to 50% of the
patients studied
Etiology
Viral infection
usually precedes
the bacteria

10. amoxicillin
TREATMENT
cefuroxime Amoxicillin-
axetil Clavulanic

11. Otorrhea
The mucous
the light to
otorrhea due
middle ear
to middle ear
disorders
disease
the pathology of
purulent outer or
middle

12. Hearing screening in newborns
• otoacoustic emissions and should be performed
after 48 hours
first
• must be made within 7 days and months of life,
using detection of otoacoustic emissions (OEA)
second
• ABR Auditory Brainstem conventional (PTC) to
be held between the first and second month of
third life.

13. Rhinosinusitis
aspiration of the germs is
after the origin of the problem
Pathogeny
The nasal flora is an ideal
medium for their proliferation,
initiating the infectious

14. Treatment
Humidification
antibiotics nasal washes
topical
mucolytics
corticosteroids
antihistamines

15. Allergic rhinitis
hydrorrhea
obstruction symptoms itching
sneezing

16. treatment
topical and oral
antihistamines
oral and topical topical and oral
corticosteroids decongestants
Anticholinergics
topical

17. Acute pharyngitis
infectious process of
the pharynx, of which
the most notorious
and frequent
involvement of the
palatine tonsils

18. Treatment
antipyretic
and alternative
penicillin
analgesic erythromycin

19. Transplants in children

20. Organ transplants are a very serious and
complex health in our country
The most common transplant
in general (both children and
adults) is the kidney
In regard to children a year
are about 70
Transplants in
children in our
country the needs would be 100
the pediatric donors represented
3.4% of donors which sometimes
is not enough

21. What are the
Neonatal Liver causes?
transplantation
Acute
liver
failure
and
chronic

22. :
Pediatric patients account for
Neonatal Liver about 12.5% of liver transplant
transplantation recipients.
Medical treatment, surgery, and
postsurgical care can be broken into
4 basic steps:
•1-Candidate evaluation
•2- Waiting period
• 3- Surgery
• 4- Postsurgical care

23. Medical management is generally
divided into pretransplant and
posttransplant periods
Neonatal Liver
transplantation
Nutritional status impacts
both pretransplant and
posttransplant outcomes,
especially in the pediatric
population, because of an
increased incidence of
cholestatic liver diseases.

24. Bone marrow
transplantation The majority
in children of cases is
when a
person has
leukemia
What is bone marrow
transplantation?
Involves extracting stem
cells and grafted into the
patient who needs to
regenerate an organ

25. Leukemia and stem cells
The extraction of stem cells can produce new white
blood cells altered in leukemia

26. TYPES OF SURGERY IN
LEUKEMIA
Autologous Umbilical Cord
Allogeneic
Is when the It is called when The donor is an
the source of umbilical cord
stem cell
allogeneic stem
source is the
cell is a person
patient other than the
patient

27. UROLOGY DESEASE
Hemorrhagic cystitis is defined by lower urinary
tract symptoms that include hematuria and
irritative voiding symptoms
It results from damage to the bladder
transitional epithelium and blood vessels by
toxins, pathogens, radiation, drugs, or disease

28. Infectious causes of hemorrhagic
cystitis include bacteria and viruses
Non infectious hemorrhagic cystitis most
commonly occurs in patients who have undergone
pelvic radiation, chemotherapy, or both.
Radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

29. VOIDING DYSFUNCTION
Accounts for as many as 40% of pediatric
urology clinic visits
Voiding reflect alterations in urinary bladder
function
Many forms of voiding dysfunction can be
thought of as a delay in the acquisition of
daytime urinary control, which typically occurs by
age 4 years

30. Persistent daytime urinary incontinence may have
an underlying neurologic, anatomic, infectious, or
functional basis.

31. is
the narrowing of part of the
stomach (the pylorus) that
leads to the small intestine
This narrowing occurs because
the muscle around the pylorus
has grown too.

32. Diagram of stomach with
pyloric stenosis. Look at
the cross section showing
the narrowing of the
pyloric opening.
SYMPTOMS
•projectilevomiting
•weight loss
•dehydration

33. How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?
• Physical exam:showing an enlarged
pyloric valve.
• Barium study of upper
gastrointestinal (upper GI).
• Abdominal ultrasound
Treatment
•A surgical procedure
called pyloromyotomy

34. called
Hernia parasternal or retrosternal
diaphragmatic above, characterized by
abnormal development of the diaphragm
muscle in which there is a hernia with a
peritoneal sac that protrudes through the
hiatus sternocostal.
Severe respiratory distress at
SYMPTOMS birth

35. Diagnosis
• chest x-ray
• Nuclear magnetic resonance.
• Multidisciplinary assessment
Treatment
Emergency surgery to place the
abdominal organs into the
proper position and repair the
opening in the diaphragm